CD19
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CD19 molecule
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| Identifiers | ||||||||||||||
| Symbol(s) | CD19; B4; MGC12802 | |||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 107265 MGI: 88319 HomoloGene: 1341 | |||||||||||||
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| RNA expression pattern | ||||||||||||||
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| Orthologs | ||||||||||||||
| Human | Mouse | |||||||||||||
| Entrez | 930 | 12478 | ||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000177455 | ENSMUSG00000030724 | ||||||||||||
| Uniprot | P15391 | Q3TA95 | ||||||||||||
| Refseq | NM_001770 (mRNA) NP_001761 (protein) |
NM_009844 (mRNA) NP_033974 (protein) |
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| Location | Chr 16: 28.85 - 28.86 Mb | Chr 7: 126.2 - 126.21 Mb | ||||||||||||
| Pubmed search | [1] | [2] | ||||||||||||
CD19 (Cluster of Differentiation 19), is a human protein encoded by the CD19 gene.[1]
Lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to various concentrations of different antigens. The ability of the B cell to respond in a specific, yet sensitive manner to the various antigens is achieved with the use of low-affinity antigen receptors. This gene encodes a cell surface molecule which assembles with the antigen receptor of B lymphocytes in order to decrease the threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation.[1]
CD19 is expressed on follicular dendritic cells and B cells. In fact, it is present on B cells from earliest recognizable B-lineage cells during development to B-cell blasts but is lost on maturation to plasma cells.
It primarily acts as a B cell co-receptor in conjunction with CD21 and CD81.
Upon activation, the cytoplasmic tail of CD19 becomes phosphorylated which leads to binding by Src-family kinases and recruitment of PI-3 kinase.
[edit] References
- Goldsby, Richard A.; Kindt, Thomas J.; Osborne, Barbara A. (2006). Kuby Immunology. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-8590-0.
[edit] Further reading
- Ishikawa H, Tsuyama N, Mahmoud MS, et al. (2003). "CD19 expression and growth inhibition of tumours in human multiple myeloma.". Leuk. Lymphoma 43 (3): 613–6. PMID 12002767.
- Zhou LJ, Ord DC, Omori SA, Tedder TF (1992). "Structure of the genes encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes.". Immunogenetics 35 (2): 102–11. PMID 1370948.
- Carter RH, Fearon DT (1992). "CD19: lowering the threshold for antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes.". Science 256 (5053): 105–7. PMID 1373518.
- Kozmik Z, Wang S, Dörfler P, et al. (1992). "The promoter of the CD19 gene is a target for the B-cell-specific transcription factor BSAP.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (6): 2662–72. PMID 1375324.
- Bradbury LE, Kansas GS, Levy S, et al. (1992). "The CD19/CD21 signal transducing complex of human B lymphocytes includes the target of antiproliferative antibody-1 and Leu-13 molecules.". J. Immunol. 149 (9): 2841–50. PMID 1383329.
- Matsumoto AK, Kopicky-Burd J, Carter RH, et al. (1991). "Intersection of the complement and immune systems: a signal transduction complex of the B lymphocyte-containing complement receptor type 2 and CD19.". J. Exp. Med. 173 (1): 55–64. PMID 1702139.
- Zhou LJ, Ord DC, Hughes AL, Tedder TF (1991). "Structure and domain organization of the CD19 antigen of human, mouse, and guinea pig B lymphocytes. Conservation of the extensive cytoplasmic domain.". J. Immunol. 147 (4): 1424–32. PMID 1714482.
- Stamenkovic I, Seed B (1988). "CD19, the earliest differentiation antigen of the B cell lineage, bears three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and an Epstein-Barr virus-related cytoplasmic tail.". J. Exp. Med. 168 (3): 1205–10. PMID 2459292.
- Tedder TF, Isaacs CM (1989). "Isolation of cDNAs encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes. A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily.". J. Immunol. 143 (2): 712–7. PMID 2472450.
- Ord DC, Edelhoff S, Dushkin H, et al. (1994). "CD19 maps to a region of conservation between human chromosome 16 and mouse chromosome 7.". Immunogenetics 39 (5): 322–8. PMID 7513297.
- Weng WK, Jarvis L, LeBien TW (1995). "Signaling through CD19 activates Vav/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and induces formation of a CD19/Vav/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex in human B cell precursors.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (51): 32514–21. PMID 7528218.
- Myers DE, Jun X, Waddick KG, et al. (1995). "Membrane-associated CD19-LYN complex is an endogenous p53-independent and Bc1-2-independent regulator of apoptosis in human B-lineage lymphoma cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (21): 9575–9. PMID 7568175.
- Chalupny NJ, Aruffo A, Esselstyn JM, et al. (1995). "Specific binding of Fyn and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to the B cell surface glycoprotein CD19 through their src homology 2 domains.". Eur. J. Immunol. 25 (10): 2978–84. PMID 7589101.
- Tuscano JM, Engel P, Tedder TF, et al. (1996). "Involvement of p72syk kinase, p53/56lyn kinase and phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase in signal transduction via the human B lymphocyte antigen CD22.". Eur. J. Immunol. 26 (6): 1246–52. PMID 8647200.
- Carter RH, Doody GM, Bolen JB, Fearon DT (1997). "Membrane IgM-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 requires a CD19 domain that mediates association with components of the B cell antigen receptor complex.". J. Immunol. 158 (7): 3062–9. PMID 9120258.
- Husson H, Mograbi B, Schmid-Antomarchi H, et al. (1997). "CSF-1 stimulation induces the formation of a multiprotein complex including CSF-1 receptor, c-Cbl, PI 3-kinase, Crk-II and Grb2.". Oncogene 14 (19): 2331–8. doi:. PMID 9178909.
- Khine AA, Firtel M, Lingwood CA (1998). "CD77-dependent retrograde transport of CD19 to the nuclear membrane: functional relationship between CD77 and CD19 during germinal center B-cell apoptosis.". J. Cell. Physiol. 176 (2): 281–92. doi:. PMID 9648915.
- Thunberg U, Gidlöf C, Bånghagen M, et al. (1998). "HpaII polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism in the human CD19 gene on 16p11.". Hum. Hered. 48 (4): 230–1. PMID 9694255.
- Horváth G, Serru V, Clay D, et al. (1998). "CD19 is linked to the integrin-associated tetraspans CD9, CD81, and CD82.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (46): 30537–43. PMID 9804823.
- Buhl AM, Cambier JC (1999). "Phosphorylation of CD19 Y484 and Y515, and linked activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, are required for B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase.". J. Immunol. 162 (8): 4438–46. PMID 10201980.
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