From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
TGFβ receptors are single pass serine/threonine kinase receptors. They exist in several different isoforms that can be homo- or heterodimeric.[1] The number of characterized ligands in the TGFβ superfamily far exceeds the number of known receptors, suggesting the promiscuity that exists between the ligand and receptor interactions.
TGF can be found in many different tissue types, including brain, heart, kidney, liver and testes. Over-expression of TGF can induce renal fibrosis, causing kidney disease, as well as diabetes, and ultimately end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Recent developments have found that, using certain types of protein antagonists against TGFβ receptors, can halt and in some cases reverse the effects of renal fibrosis.
[edit] Classification
Three TGF-β receptor types can be distinguished by their structural and functional properties. Receptor types I and II have similar ligand binding affinities and can only be distinguished from each other by peptide mapping, both receptor types I and II have a high affinity for TGF-β1 and low affinity for TGF-β2. TGF-β receptor type III has a high affinity for both TGF-β1 and -β2 and in addition TGF-β1.2.[2]
[edit] References
- ^ Heteromeric and homomeric transforming growth factor-beta receptors show distinct signaling and endocytic responses in epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 27; 273(48): 31770-7; PubMed Free text
- ^ Cheifetz S, Andres JL and Massague J. (1988). "The transforming growth factor-beta receptor type III is a membrane proteoglycan.". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (32): 16984–16991. PMID 2903157.
[edit] External links
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Transmembrane receptors: immune receptors |
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| Cytokine receptor |
Type I: Interleukins ( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 21, 23, 27), CSF receptors ( EPO, GM-CSF, G-CSF), GH, prolactin, Oncostatin M, Leukemia inhibitory factor - common subunits ( Common gamma chain, common beta chain, CSF2RB)
Type II: Interleukins (10, 20, 22, 28) - interferon (-α/β, -γ)
immunoglobulin superfamily: CSF1, C-kit, IL-1, IL-18
Tumor necrosis factor: CD27, CD30, CD40, CD120, Lymphotoxin β
Chemokines: IL-8 (α, β), CCR1,CXCR4
Other: IL-17, TGF-beta ( 1, 2)
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| Pattern recognition/Toll-like |
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| Fc receptor |
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| Lymphocyte homing receptor |
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| other |
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Cell signaling: TGF beta signaling pathway |
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| TGF beta superfamily of ligands |
TGF beta family ( TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3)
Bone morphogenetic proteins ( BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7, BMP8a, BMP8b, BMP10 , BMP15)
Growth differentiation factors ( GDF1, GDF2, GDF3, GDF5, GDF6, GDF7, Myostatin/GDF8, GDF9, GDF10, GDF11, GDF15)
Other ( Activin A and B/ Inhibin A and B, Anti-müllerian hormone, Nodal)
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| TGF beta receptors |
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| Transducers/SMAD |
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| Ligand Inhibitors |
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| Coreceptors |
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| Other |
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