Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

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The voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is [t̠͡ɕ], alternatively but unofficially [ʨ] (entity 680), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts\. The voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate occurs in such languages as Mandarin Chinese and Serbo-Croatian.

Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See Also 4 References 5 Bibliography

[edit] Features

Features of the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is alveolo-palatal, that is, palatalized laminal postalveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the body of the tongue raised toward the palate.
• Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Bosnian		stećak	[stɛt͡ɕak]	'Stećak'
Catalan[1]		fletxa	[ˈflet.tɕə]	'arrow'	See Catalan phonology
Chinese	Mandarin	北京/Běijīng	[peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]	'Beijing'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Standard Mandarin
Croatian		ići	[it͡ɕi]	'to go'
Japanese		知人/chijin	[t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ]	'acquaintance'	See Japanese phonology
Korean		잘/jal	[t͡ɕal]	'well'	See Korean phonology
Polish[2]		ćma	[t͡ɕma] (help·info)	'moth'	See Polish phonology
Russian		чуть	[t͡ɕʉtʲ]	'narrowly'	See Russian phonology
Serbian		Ловћен/Lovćen	[loʋt͡ɕen]	'Lovćen'
Thai[3]		ฉัน	[tɕʰǎn]	'I' (informal)
Vietnamese		cha	[t͡ɕa]	'Father; dad'	See Vietnamese phonology

[edit] See Also

• List of phonetics topics

[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

• Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103-107
• Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya & Arthur S. Abramson (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (1): 24-26
• Wheeler, Max W (2005), written at Oxford, The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199258147

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​dental Den​tal Alve​olar Post-​alve​olar Retro​flex Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn​geal Epi​glot​tal Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approximants  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affricates  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ʂ d͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ p̪͡f Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.