Palatal nasal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

IPA – number	118
IPA – text	ɲ
IPA – image
Entity	ɲ
X-SAMPA	J
Kirshenbaum	n^
Sound sample (help·info)

The palatal nasal is a type of consonant, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɲ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J. The IPA symbol is a lowercase letter n with a leftward-pointing tail protruding from the bottom of the left stem of the letter. Compare n and ɲ. The symbol ɲ should not be confused with ɳ, the symbol for the retroflex nasal, which has a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem, or with ŋ, the symbol for the velar nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem. In Spanish and languages whose writing systems are influenced by Spanish orthography, this sound is represented with the letter eñe (ñ).

Contents 1 Features 2 Occurrence 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography

[edit] Features

Features of the palatal nasal:

• Its manner of articulation is stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
• Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
• Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
• It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Albanian		një	[ɲə]	'one'
Catalan[1]		bany	[baɲ]	'bath'	Alveolo-palatal. See Catalan phonology
Croatian		konj	[koɲ]	'horse'
Czech		kůň	[kuːɲ]	'horse'	See Czech phonology
Dinka		nyɔt	[ɲɔt]	'very'
Dutch[2]		Njord	[ɲɔʁd]	'Njord'	See Dutch phonology
English		onion	[ˈʌɲən]	'onion'	Some dialects. See English phonology
French[3]		montagne	[mɔ̃taɲ]	'mountain'	See French phonology
Galician		leña	[ˈleɲa]	'firewood'
Greek		Πρωτοχρονιά	[pro̞to̞xro̞ˈɲa]	'New Year's Day'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian		lány	[laːɲ]	'girl'	See Hungarian phonology
Indonesian		banyak	[baɲak]	'a lot'
Italian[4]		bagno	[baɲɲo]	'bath'	See Italian phonology
Japanese[5]		庭/niwa	[ɲiɰa]	'garden'	Alveolo-palatal. See Japanese phonology
Malayalam		ഞ	[ɲan]	'I'
Norwegian	Northern dialects	vann	[vɑɲː]	'water'	See Norwegian phonology
Occitan	Northern and Southern	Polonha	[puˈluɲo]	'Poland'
	Gascon	banh	[baɲ]	'bath'
Polish[6]		koń	[kɔɲ] (help·info)	'horse'	Usually alveolo-palatal. See Polish phonology
Portuguese[7]		anho	[ˈɐɲu]	'lamb'	See Portuguese phonology
Scottish Gaelic		seinn	[ʃeiɲ]	'sing'
Serbian		коњ/konj	[koɲ]	'horse'
Slovak		pečeň	[ˈpɛtʃɛɲ]	'liver'
Spanish[8]		enseñar	[ẽ̞nse̞ˈɲar]	'to teach'	See Spanish phonology
Vietnamese		nhai	[ɲaɪ]	'to chew'	See Vietnamese phonology

[edit] See also

• List of phonetics topics

[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

• Carbonell, Joan F. & Joaquim Llisterri (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53-56
• Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90-94
• Fougeron, Cecile & Caroline L Smith (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73-76
• Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45-47
• Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103-107
• Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255-259
• Rogers, Derek & Luciana d'Arcangeli (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117-121

Consonants (List, table)	See also: IPA, Vowels
Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​dental Den​tal Alve​olar Post-​alve​olar Retro​flex Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn​geal Epi​glot​tal Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Implo­­sives  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ Fricatives  ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Ejec­­tives  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ Approximants  ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Affricates  t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ʂ d͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ p̪͡f Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ Flaps & Taps • ѵ ɾ ɽ • • Co-articulated fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ Lat. Fricatives ɬ ɮ • • • Co-articulated approximants  ʍ w ɥ Lat. Appr'mants l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.