Table of consonants

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The following tables show the symbols for some of the consonants found in human language, including all of the consonant letters of the International Phonetic Alphabet, some additional letters not found in the IPA, some which do not occur in normal human speech, and an arbitrary number of consonants derived via diacritics. The first table contains mostly consonants articulated in the front part of the mouth (lips, teeth, and tip or blade of the tongue), and the second table contains mostly consonants articulated in the back part of the mouth (body of tongue and throat). The places of articulation are listed on top, and the manners of articulation on the left side. Where consonants occur in pairs, the consonant on the left represents a voiceless articulation and the consonant on the right represents a voiced articulation, except for [ɦ], which is murmured, and [ʡ], which is undefined with respect to voice.

Affricates are not included in the table, since they are written with combinations of letters found in the tables.

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Dental, alveolar, and postalveolar Domed postalveolar Retroflex Labialized palatal
(should be in lower table)
Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ
Implosive ɓ̥ ɓ ɗ̪ ɗ̥ ɗ ᶑ
Ejective pʼ t̪ʼ tʼ ʈʼ
Nasal m̥ m ɱ n̪̊ n̪ n̥ n ɳ̊ ɳ
Trill ʙ r̥ r *
Tap or Flap ̟ ɾ ɽ
Lateral flap ɺ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ
Ejective fricative sʼ ʃʼ
Ejective lateral fricative ɬʼ
Percussive ʬ ʭ ← requires separate column
Approximant β̞ ʋ ð̞ ɹ ɻ ɥ
Lateral approximant l̥ l ɭ
Click consonants (numerous consonants per symbol) ʘ ǀ ǃ ǃǃ*
Lateral click ǀǀǀ* ǁ
Palatalized postalveolar
(should be in upper table)		 Palatal Labial-velar and labialized velar Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal
Plosive ȶ* ȡ* c ɟ k͡p ɡ͡b k g q ɢ ʡ ʔ
Implosive ʄ̊ ʄ ɠ̊͡ɓ̥ ɠ͡ɓ ɠ̊ ɠ ʛ̥ ʛ
Ejective cʼ kʼ qʼ
Nasal ȵ* ɲ ŋ͡m ŋ ɴ
Trill ʀ я*
Tap or Flap ɢ̆ ʡ̯
Lateral flap ʎ̯ ʟ̆
Fricative or fricative and approximant ɕ ʑ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ
Lateral fricative
Approximant j ʍ w ɰ
Lateral approximant ȴ* ʎ ʟ
Click consonant ǂ
Lateral click ǂǂ*

*Not IPA.

Other consonants:

[edit] See also