Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/S

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Directory of articles

A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 - A5 - B - C1 - C2 - C3 - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L1 - L2 - M1 - M2 - M3 - M4 - N - O - P1 - P2 - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

Saadia JE Biblical commentator, whose native country and epoch can not be precisely determined. Rapoport (in "Bikkure ha-'Ittim...
Saadia Ben Abraham Longo JE ...
Saadia (sa'id) B David Al-adeni JE A man of culture living at Damascus and Safed between 1473 and 1485. He was the author of a commentary on some parts of Maimonides&#39...
Saadia B Joseph (sa'id al-fayyumi) JE Gaon of Sura and the founder of scientific activity in Judaism; born in Dilaẓ, Upper Egypt, 892; died at Sura 942. The...
Saadia B Joseph Bekor Shor JE ...
Saadia Ben Maimon Ibn Danan JE ...
Saadia Ben Nahmani JE Liturgical poet and perhaps also Biblical commentator; lived in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. He was the author of a...
Joseph Lewin SaalschÜtz JE German rabbi and archeologist; born March 15, 1801, at Königsberg, East Prussia; died there Aug. 23, 1863. Having received...
Louis SaalschÜtz JE German mathematician; born at Königsberg, Prussia, Dec. 1, 1835; son of Joseph Levin Saalschütz. From 1854 to 1860...
Saba JE A word derived from the root , "to be white, old"; used in the Talmud with various meanings:(a) It designates an old man or...
Saba JE ...
Abraham Saba JE ...
Sabbath JE The seventh day of the week; the day of rest.—Biblical Data: On the completion of His creative work God blessed and...
Sabbath Leaves JE ...
Sabbath Lights JE ...
Sabbath-schools JE Among the Jews the Sabbath-school or congregational religious school is a product of the nineteenth century. True, in past...
Sabbath And Sunday JE A brief consideration is desirable as to why and when the keeping of the seventh day as the Sabbath ceased among Christian...
Sabbatical Year And Jubilee JE The septennate or seventh year, during which the land is to lie fallow, and the celebration of the fiftieth year after seven...
Sabbionetta JE From 1551 to 1559 the printer Tobias ben Eliezer Foa produced several Hebrew works beginning with Joseph Shaliṭ&#39...
Sabeans JE The inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Sheba in southeastern Arabia, known from the Bible, classical writers, and native...
Sabina PoppÆa JE ...
Sabinus JE Roman procurator; treasurer of Augustus. After Varus had returned to Antioch, between Easter and Pentecost of the year 4 B...
Sabora JE Title applied to the principals and scholars of the Babylonian academies in the period immediately following that of the Amoraim...
Hirsch Leib Sabsovich JE Mayor of Woodbine, N. J.; born at Berdyansk, Russia, Feb. 25, 1860. After his graduation from the classical gymnasium of his...
Donato Sacerdote JE Italian poet; born at Fossano 1820; died there Nov. 27, 1883. Passionately devoted to the classics, Donato from his early...
Bernhard Sachs JE American physician; born at Baltimore Jan. 2, 1858; educated at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., and at the universities...
Johann Jacob (joseph Isidor) Sachs JE German physician; born at Märkisch Friedland July 26, 1803; died at Nordhausen Jan. 11, 1846. Educated at the University...
Julius Sachs JE American educator; born at Baltimore July 6, 1849; educated at Columbia University and Rostock (Ph.D. 1867). He founded the...
Michael Jehiel Sachs JE German rabbi; born at Glogau Sept. 3, 1808; died in Berlin Jan. 31, 1864. He was educated in the University of Berlin, taking...
Senior Sachs JE Russo-French Hebrew scholar; born at Kaidany, government of Kovno, June 17, 1816; died at Paris Nov. 18, 1892. When Senior...
Wilhelm Sachs JE German dental surgeon; born at Wesenberg, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Sept. 22, 1849. He received his education at the University...
Sackcloth JE Term originally denoting a coarsely woven fabric, usually made of goat's hair. It afterward came to mean also a garment...
Abraham Ben Joseph Sackheim JE Lithuanian scholar and Talmudist; died at Wilna June 26, 1872. He was well versed in rabbinics, as may be seen from his "Yad...
Tobiah B Aryeh LÖb Sackheim JE Russian Talmudist and communal worker; died in Rosinoi, government of Grodno, at an advanced age, Jan. 28, 1822. He was a...
Sacrifice JE The act of offering to a deity for the purpose of doing homage, winning favor, or securing pardon; that which is offered or...
Sacrilege JE The act of profaning or violating sacred things. The prohibition of sacrilege was primarily in connection with the sanctuary...
Moses B Mordecai Sacuto (zakuto) JE ...
Sa'd Al-daulah JE Jewish physician and statesman; grand vizier from 1289 to 1291 under the Mongolian ruler in Persia, Argun Khan; assassinated...
Ṣadakah Ben Abu Al-faraj Munajja JE Samaritan physician and philosopher; died near Damascus 1223. He was the court physician of Al-Malik al-'Adil, the Ayyubid...
Sadducees JE Name given to the party representing views and practises of the Law and interests of Temple and priesthood directly opposite...
Safed JE City of Upper Galilee (it has no connection with the Zephath of Judges i. 17). Its foundation dates from the second century...
Sagerin JE Leader of the women in public prayer. The separation of the sexes at Jewish worship was insisted on even in the days of the...
Sahagun (sant Fagund) JE City in the old Spanish kingdom of Leon. On March 5, 1152, King Alfonso VII. granted to the thirty Jewish families living...
Sahl JE Physician, astrologer, and mathematician of the ninth century (c. 786-845 ?); father of the physician Ali ben Sahl. Sahl translated...
Sahl Ben MaẒliah Ha-kohen Al-mu'allim Abu Al-sari JE Karaite philosopher and writer; born at Jerusalem 910. He belonged to the Rechabites, and was one of the apostles of the Karaites...
Isaac Ben Solomon Ibn Abi Sahulah JE Spanish scholar and Hebrew poet of the thirteenth century; born, as some believe, at Guadalajara in 1244. Geiger, in "Melo...
Sa'id Ben Hasan Of Alexandria JE Jewish convert to Islam; lived in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. He was the author of an apologetic work entitled...
Sailors JE ...
Saint And Saintliness JE In Jewish tradition saintliness ("ḥasidut") is distinguished from holiness ("ḳedushah"), which is part of the...
Saint Croix JE ...
Saint Gall (st Gallen) JE Chief town of the canton of the same name in the northeast of Switzerland. The first information concerning its Jewish inhabitants...
Saint-gilles JE Town of France, in the department of Gard, about eleven miles south-southeast of Nîmes. It was an important commercial...
Saint-john's-bread JE Fruit of the carobtree. It is not mentioned in the Masoretic text of the Old Testament, though Cheyne assumes that in three...
Saint Joseph JE ...
Saint Louis JE Largest city in the state of Missouri, U. S. A. Its pioneer Jew was Wolf Bloch, a native of Schwihau, Bohemia, who is reported...
Saint Paul JE ...
Saint Petersburg JE Capital city of Russia. Antonio Sanchez, a Spanish Jew and member of the Academy of Sciences, lived in St. Petersburg in the...
Saint-symphorien D'ozon JE Town in the ancient province of Dauphiné, France. In the fourteenth century it had a large and wealthy Jewish community...
Saint Thomas JE ...
AladÁr SajÓ JE Hungarian author; born at Waitzen Sept. 8, 1869; educated for the law at Budapest, where he devoted himself at the same time...
Jacob B Benjamin Wolf Sak JE ...
Salahti JE ...
Annette A Salaman JE English authoress; died April 10, 1879; youngest daughter of S. K. Salaman, and sister of the musician of that name. In her...
Charles Kensington Salaman JE English pianist, composer, and controversialist; born in London March 3, 1814; died there June 23, 1901. His musical talent...
Charles Malcolm Salaman JE English journalist and dramatist; born in London Sept. 6, 1855; son of Charles Kensington Salaman, the composer. He is the...
Salamanca JE Spanish city; capital of the province of the same name; famous for its university. The Jews of Salamanca rendered valuable...
Salamander JE According to the Talmud, a species of toad which lives on land but enters the water at the breeding season (Ḥul. 127a...
Nahum Salamon JE English inventor; born in London 1828; died there Nov. 23, 1900. He may be regarded as practically the founder of the British...
Samuel Salant JE Chief rabbi of the Ashkenazic congregations in Jerusalem; born Jan. 2, 1816, at Byelostok, Russia. Samuel married the daughter...
Israel Salanter JE ...
Sale JE The steps by which the title to land is changed in a gift or sale have been shown under Alienation. The conveyance might be...
Sale And Seizure JE ...
Salem JE Name of a place, first mentioned in connection with Abraham's return from the battle with Chedorlaomer, when Melchizedek...
Asher Ben Immanuel Salem JE Turkish scholar of the eighteenth century. He was the author of "Maṭṭeh Asher" (Salonica, 1748), containing responsa...
Salem Shaloam David JE Chinese convert to Judaism; born at Hankow, China, of Chinese parents in 1853, and named Feba. Feba remained with his parents...
Siegmund Salfeld JE German rabbi; born at Stadthagen, Schaumburg-Lippe, March 24, 1843. Having received his degree of Ph.D. from the University...
Jakob SalgÓ JE Hungarian psychiatrist; born at Pesth in 1849; educated at Pesth, at Vienna (M. D., Vienna, 1874), and at Göttingen,...
Saliva JE Spittle. To spit in a person's face was regarded as an expression of the utmost contempt for him (Num. xii. 14; Deut....
Solomon Ben Baruch Salkind JE Lithuanian Hebrew poet; teacher in the rabbinical seminary, Wilna; died there March 14, 1868. He was the author of: "Shirim...
Isaac Edward Salkinson JE Russian Hebraist; convert to Christianity; born at Wilna; died at Vienna June 5, 1883. According to some, Salkinson was the...
Geskel Saloman JE Painter; born of German parents April 1, 1821, at Tondern, Sleswick; died July 5, 1902, at Stockholm. Soon after his birth...
Nota S Saloman JE Danish physician; born at Tondern, Sleswick-Holstein, March 21, 1823; died at Copenhagen March 20, 1885. Educated at the University...
Siegfried Saloman JE Danish violinist and composer; born in Tondern, Sleswick-Holstein, Oct. 2, 1816; died July 22, 1899, on the island of Dalar&#246...
Salomon JE American family tracing its descent back to Haym Salomon, "the financier of the American Revolution." The family tree is as...
Gotthold Salomon JE German rabbi; born Nov. 1, 1784, at Sondersleben, Anhalt; died Nov. 17, 1862, in Hamburg. His first teacher in Bible and Talmud...
Haym Salomon JE American financier; born at Lissa, Poland, in 1740; died in Philadelphia Jan. 6, 1785. It is probable that he left his native...
Max Salomon JE German physician; born at Sleswick, Sleswick-Holstein, April 5, 1837; son of Jacob Salomon; educated at the gymnasium of his...
William Salomon JE American financier; born at Mobile, Ala., Oct. 9, 1852; great-grandson of Haym Salomon. His parents removed to Philadelphia...
Salomons JE English family descended from Solomon Salomons, a London merchant on the Royal Exchange in the eighteenth century. The following...
Sir Julian Emanuel Salomons JE Australian statesman; born in Birmingham 1834. He was called to the bar in Jan., 1861. Having emigrated to New South Wales...
Carl Julius Salomonsen JE Danish bacteriologist; born at Copenhagen Dec. 6, 1847; son of Martin S. Salomonsen. He studied medicine at Copenhagen (M...
Martin Salomonsen JE Danish physician; born in Copenhagen March 9, 1814; died there Dec. 21, 1889; father of Carl Julius Salomonsen. He graduated...
Salonica JE Seaport city in Rumelia, European Turkey; chief town of an extensive vilayet of the same name which includes the sanjaks of...
Salt JE A condiment for food. From earliest times salt was indispensable to the Israelites for flavoring food. Having a copious supply...
Salt Lake City JE ...
Salt Sea JE ...
Salutation JE ...
Salvador JE ...
Francis Salvador JE Prominent patriot in the American Revolution; a member of the Salvador family of London, the name of which was originally...
Joseph Salvador JE French historian; born at Montpellier Jan. 5, 1796; died March 17, 1873, at Versailles; buried, at his own request, in the...
Joseph Salvador JE English philanthropist; flourished about 1753. He came of a distinguished family that emigrated from Holland in the eighteenth...
Salvation JE The usual rendering in the English versions for the Hebrew words , , derivatives of the stem , which in the verb occurs only...
Salzburg JE Austrian duchy (formerly a German archbishopric), and its capital of the same name. Jews, among them a physician, are mentioned...
Sama B Rabba JE Babylonian amora; last head of the Pumbedita Academy. He was the successor of Raḥumai II., and officiated for about...
Sama B Rakta JE Babylonian amora of the sixth generation. He was a contemporary of Rabina I., with whom he disputed concerning a halakah (&#7730...
Samael JE Prince of the demons, and an important figure both in Talmudic and in post-Talmudic literature, where he appears as accuser...
Samara JE Babylonian river near which tradition has located Ezra's tomb. Many legends cluster round this sacred spot; and in former...
Samarcand JE Town in Central Asia; chief town of the Zerafshan district of the Russian dominions. According to tradition, Samarcand was...
Samaria JE City of Palestine; capital of the kingdom of Israel. It was built by Omri, in the seventh year of his reign, on the mountain...
Samaritans JE Properly, inhabitants of Samaria. The name is now restricted to a small tribe of people living in Nablus (Shechem) and calling...
Samau'il Ibn Adiya JE ...
Joseph Ben Isaac Sambari (cattawi?) JE Egyptian chronicler of the seventeenth century; lived probably at Alexandria between 1640 and 1703. Of lowly origin and in...
Sambation, Sanbation, Sabbation (sambaṬyon) JE In rabbinical literature the river across which the ten tribes were transported by Shalmaneser, King of Assyria, and about...
Joseph Ben Benjamin Samegah (samigah) JE Turkish Talmudist and cabalist of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; born at Salonica; died June 6, 1629, at Venice...
Samek JE The fifteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Its name may be connected with "samek" ="prop," "support." On the original shape...
Samek And Pe JE ...
Julius Samelsohn JE German ophthalmologist; born at Marienburg, West Prussia, April 14, 1841; died at Cologne March 7, 1899. Educated at the universities...
M Samfield JE American rabbi; born at Markstift, Bavaria, 1846. He received his education from his father, at the Talmudical school of Rabbi...
A G (eliakim GÖtzel; Samiler (smieler) JE Russian Talmudist and a member of a prominent rabbinical family; born in Smiela about 1780; died at Brody July 17, 1854. He...
Asher Sammter JE German rabbi; born at Derenburg, near Halberstadt, Jan. 1, 1807; died at Berlin Feb. 5, 1887. From 1837 to 1854 he was rabbi...
David Samoscz JE German author of Hebrew books for the young; born at Kempen, province of Posen, Dec. 29, 1789; died at Breslau April 29, 1864...
Samson JE One of the judges of Israel, whose life and acts are recorded in Judges xiii.-xvi. At a period when Israel was under the oppression...
Samson And The Samson School JE ...
Samson Ben Abraham Of Sens JE French tosafist; born about 1150; died at Acre about 1230. His birthplace was probably Falaise, Calvados, where lived his...
Samson Ben Eliezer JE German "sofer" (scribe) of the fourteenth century; generally called Baruk she-Amar, from the initial words of the blessing...
Samson Ben Isaac Of Chinon JE French Talmudist; lived at Chinon between 1260 and 1330. In Talmudic literature he is generally called after his native place...
Samson Ben Joseph Of Falaise JE Tosafist of the twelfth century; grandfather of the tosafists Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre and Samson of Sens. Jacob Tam...
Samson Ben Samson JE French tosafist; flourished at the end of the twelfth and in the first half of the thirteenth century. Many of his explanations...
Samuda JE Old Spanish, and Portuguese family, identified for some generations with the communal affairs of the London Jewry. The first...
Samuel JE Samuel was the son of Elkanah and Hannah, of Ramathaim-zophim, in the hill-country of Ephraim (I Sam. i. 1). He was born while...
Books Of Samuel JE Two books in the second great division of the canon, the "Nebi'im," or Prophets, and, more specifically, in the former...
Midrash To Samuel JE Midrash Shemu'el, a haggadic midrash on the books of Samuel, is quoted for the first time by Rashi in his commentary on...
Samuel JE ...
Samuel JE Tax-gatherer and treasurer to King Ferdinand IV. of Castile (1295-1312); born in Andalusia. He was hated by the queen mother...
Samuel (sanwel) Ben Aaron Benjamin JE Scribe at Worms in the seventeenth century. After the fire of 1689 (Lewysohn, "Nafshot Ẓaddiḳim," p. 73, Frankfort-on-the-Main...
Samuel Ben Abba JE Palestinian amora of the latter half of the third century. Although a pupil of Johanan, he did not receive ordination (Yer...
Samuel Ben Abbahu JE Babylonian amora of the fourth century. He engaged in a ritual controversy with R. Aḥai in regard to the use of the...
Samuel Ben Abigdor JE Russian rabbi; born about 1720; died 1793 at Wilna, where his father, who had been rabbi in Pruzhani, Rushany, and Wilkowyszky...
Samuel Ibn Abun B Yahya JE Arabo-Jewish poet of the eleventh century; great-grandfather of Samuel ibn Nazar and a contemporary of Moses ibn Ezra. A poem...
Samuel Ibn 'adiya JE Poet and warrior; lived in Arabia in the first half of the sixth century. His mother was of the royal tribe of Ghassan, while...
Samuel Ben Alexander Of Halberstadt JE German rabbi and scientist; perhaps a resident of Frankfort-on-the-Oder; died July 6, 1707. He was the author of "Peri Megadim...
Samuel Ben Ammi JE Palestinian amora of the beginning of the fourth century. He is known through his controversies with other scholars. He contended...
Samuel Bar Asher JE Martyr; lived at Neuss, Rhenish Prussia, in the eleventh century. According to Salomon ben Simeon, he, with his two sons,...
Samuel De Caceres JE ...
Samuel Ben David Moses Ha-levi Of Meseritz JE Polish Talmudist; born about 1625; died April 24, 1681, at Kleinsteinbach, Bavaria. As a wandering scholar he is found for...
Baron Denis De Samuel JE English financier; born 1782; died in London 1860. He came of a Polish family, and counted among his ancestors several eminent...
Samuel (sanwel) Ben Enoch JE Polish rabbi; flourished in the seventeenth century; born at Lublin. He officiated as dayyan at Jassy and later at Mayence...
Samuel Of Escaleta JE French Talmudist, poet, and philanthropist of the fourteenth century. Jacob of Provence considers him one of the first poets...
Samuel Of Evreux JE French tosafist of the thirteenth century. He is identified by Gross with Samuel ben Shneor (not ben Yom-Ṭob, as given...
Haeem Samuel JE Indian communal worker; born at Alibag, near Bombay, in 1830; educated at the Robert Money School in Bombay. Samuel entered...
Harry Simon Samuel JE English politician; born Aug. 31, 1853; son of Horatio S. Samuel by his marriage with Henrietta Montefiore. He was educated...
Samuel Ibn Hayyim JE Medieval liturgical poet; the time and place of his birth are unknown. He composed eighty-two liturgical poems, of which the...
Samuel Hayyim Of Salonica JE Maternal grandson of Samuel of Modena; lived in Salonica during the sixteenth century. He wrote "Bene Shemu'el," a collection...
Herbert Samuel JE English politician; born in London 1870; youngest son of Edwin L. Samuel, and nephew of Sir Samuel Montagu. He was educated...
Samuel B Hiyya JE Palestinian amora of the second half of the third century of the common era. None of his halakic or haggadic maxims has been...
Samuel Ben Hofni JE Last gaon of Sura; died in 1034. His father was a Talmudic scholar and chief judge ("ab bet din," probably of Fez), one of...
Isaac Samuel JE English ḥazzan; born in London March 9, 1833. He was appointed minister of the Bristol congregation in 1860, and became...
Samuel Ben Isaac Ha-sardi JE Spanish rabbi; flourished in the first half of the thirteenth century. In his youth he attended the school of Rabbi Nathan...
Samuel Ben Isaac Of Uceda JE Talmudist of Safed in the sixteenth century; descendant of a family of Uceda, which, when banished from Spain, settled at...
Samuel Ben Jacob Of Capua JE Italian translator; lived, probably at Capua, at the end of the thirteenth century, if Steinschneider's supposition that...
Samuel Ben Jacob Ibn Jam' JE Rabbi of a North-African community (); flourished in the twelfth century. He was on intimate terms with Abraham ibn Ezra,...
Samuel Ben Jacob Of Troyes JE French Talmudist of the first half of the thirteenth century, a descendant of Rashi. In his youth he addressed a circular...
Samuel Ben Jehiel JE Martyr of Cologne in the First Crusade, June 25, 1096. When the Crusaders hunted the Jews of Cologne out of the villages where...
Samuel Ben Jonah JE Palestinian amora of the fourth century. He is perhaps identical with Samuel ben Inijah or Inia (). Samuel ben Jonah once...
Samuel Ben Jose Ben Bun (abun) JE Palestinian amora of the fourth century, in whose time the Jerusalem Talmud is said to have been arranged and completed by...
Samuel Ben Joseph Joske JE Polish Talmudist of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; born at Lublin. He was the first known rabbi of Jung-Bunzlau...
Samuel Ben Joseph Of Verdun JE French tosafist of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was a disciple of Isaac ben Samuel the Elder of Dampierre, with...
Samuel Ben Judah JE Scholar and head of the Jewish community at Lemberg. He suffered martyrdom in a terrible form outside the city on the 8th...
Samuel Ben Judah JE French physician and translator; born at Marseilles 1294. He devoted himself early in life to the study of science, especially...
Samuel B Judah Ibn Abun JE ...
Samuel Ben Kalonymus He-hasid Of Speyer JE Tosafist, liturgical poet, and philosopher of the twelfth century; surnamed also "the Prophet" (Solomon Luria, Responsa, No...
Samuel Ben Kalonymus Ha-hazzan JE Leader of the congregation at Erfurt in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He is sometimes, but erroneously, referred to...
Samuel Ha-kaṬon JE Tanna of the second generation; lived in the early part of the second century of the common era. His surname "ha-Ḳa&#7789...
Samuel Ha-kohen JE Rabbi of the sixteenth century. He was the author of the following works: "Derek Ḥayyim" (Constantinople, n.d.), on...
Samuel Ha-kohen Di Pisa JE Portuguese scholar of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He wrote a commentary on the difficult passages in Ecclesiastes...
Samuel Mar JE ...
Samuel, Sir Marcus, Bart JE English financier and lord mayor of London; born in London 1853; son of Marcus Samuel and senior partner of the shipping firm...
Samuel Ben Marta JE Palestinian amora of the third century. The word "mishkan," twice occurring in Ex. xxxviii. 21, is explained by him as having...
Samuel B MeÏr (rashbam) JE French exegete of Ramerupt, near Troyes; born about 1085; died about 1174; grandson of Rashi on his mother's side, and...
Moses Samuel JE English author; born in London 1795; died at Liverpool 1860. He acquired considerable reputation as a Hebrew scholar and an...
Samuel Ben Moses JE Russian cabalist; lived at Swislotz, government of Grodno, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He was the author...
Samuel B Moses Phinehas JE Polish rabbi; died in Posen Nov. 25, 1806. He was a descendant of R. Joshua (d. 1648), the author of "Maginne Shelomoh," and...
Samuel Ha-nagid (samuel Haleviben Joseph Ibn Nagdela) JE Spanish statesman, grammarian, poet, and Talmudist; born at Cordova 993; died at Granada 1055. His father, who was a native...
Samuel Ben Nahman (nahmani) JE Palestinian amora; born at the beginning of the third and died at the beginning of the fourth century. He was a pupil of R...
Samuel Ha-nakdan JE Masorite and grammarian of the twelfth century. A grammatical work of his entitled "Deyaḳut" is extant in the Royal...
Samuel Ha-nasi JE Exilarch in Bagdad, probably between 773 and 816. Until recently his existence was known only from a difficult passage in...
Samuel Ben Nathan JE Amora of the early part of the fourth century, He appears mostly as the transmitter of the sayings of Ḥama b. &#7716...
Samuel Ben Nathan JE Liturgical poet of the fourteenth century; place of birth and residence unknown. He was the author of three prayers, and is...
Samuel Ben NaṬronai JE German tosafist of the second half of the twelfth century. He was the pupil and son-in-law of R. Eliezer b. Natan (RABaN)...
Samuel Phoebus Ben Nathan Feitel JE Austrian historiographer; lived in Vienna in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He was the author of "Ṭi&#7789...
Samuel Ben Reuben Of BÉziers JE French Talmudist; flourished at the beginning of the fourteenth century. He was one of Solomon ben Adret's numerous correspondents...
Samuel Ben Reuben Of Chartres JE French liturgical poet. He wrote a "reshut" in Aramaic which was recited with the Targum of the hafṭarah for the Feast...
Sampson Samuel JE Solicitor and secretary to the London Board of Deputies; born in 1804; died in London Nov. 10, 1868. He began life on the...
Samuel, Sir Saul, Bart JE Australian statesman; born in London, England, Nov. 2, 1820; died there Aug. 29, 1900. In 1832 he emigrated with relatives...
Samuel Schmelka Ben Hayyim Shammash JE Preacher and actuary of the rabbinate of Prague under Ephraim Solomon of Lencziza in the second half of the sixteenth century...
Samuel Ben Shneor JE ...
Samuel Ben Simeon JE French scholar; lived in Provence in the fourteenth century. His Hebrew surname was "Kenesi," incorrectly derived from "keneset"...
Simon Samuel JE German pathologist; born at Glogau Oct. 5, 1833; died at Königsberg, East Prussia, May 9, 1899. He studied medicine at...
Samuel Ben Solomon Of Falaise JE Tosafist of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. His French name was Sir Morel, by which he is often designated in rabbinical...
Samuel Ben Solomon Nasi Of Carcassonne JE French scholar of the thirteenth century. He was the author of a commentary on the "Moreh Nebukim," which is still extant...
Samuel B Solomon Sekili JE ...
Sydney Montagu Samuel JE English author and communal worker; born in London June 21, 1848; died June, 1884; educated at University College, London...
Samuel Ben Uri Shraga Phoebus JE Polish rabbi and Talmudist of Woydyslaw in the second half of the seventeenth century. In his early youth he was a pupil of...
Samuel Yarhina'ah JE Babylonian amora of the first generation; son of Abba b. Abba; teacher of the Law, judge, physician, and astronomer; born...
Samuel And Yates JE Names of two families which led the congregation of Liverpool, England, in the early part of the nineteenth century. They...
Samuel Ẓarfati JE Court physician to the popes Alexander VI. and Julius II.; died about 1519. The name "Ẓarfati" indicates that Samuel...
Sir Bernhard Samuelson JE English merchant and politician; born at Liverpool Nov. 22, 1820; died May 10, 1905. After serving an apprenticeship in a...
Nathan Samuely JE Austrian ghetto poet; born in Stry, Galicia, 1846. At the age of seventeen he published a story in Hebrew entitled "Shewa...
Joseph Hayyim Ibn Samun JE Italian Talmudist; lived at Leghorn in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He was the author of "'Edut bi-Yehosef"...
San Antonio JE Largest city in Texas; founded by the Spaniards in 1718. Jews first settled there in 1854, when the cemetery was founded.Samuel...
San Daniele Del Friuli JE Italian town, near Udine. About 1600 two brothers named Luzzatto established themselves here, a descendant of one of whom...
San Francisco JE Principal city of California; chief commercial city of the Pacific coast. The name of San Francisco was given to the village...
San JosÉ JE ...
San Marino JE Ancient republic of central Italy; situated not far from the Adriatic Sea and founded in the fourth century by the Dalmatian...
San MillÁn De La Cogolla JE Locality in Spain, not far from Najera, with a famous convent of great antiquity. Jews were living here as early as at Najera...
San Salvador JE ...
Sana'a JE ...
Sanballat JE One of the chief opponents of Nehemiah when he was building the walls of Jerusalem and carrying out his reforms among the...
Antonio Ribeiro Sanchez (sanches) JE Russian court physician; born 1699; died in Paris 1783; member of a Marano family of Penamacor, district of Castello Branca...
Sancho JE Family name of frequent occurrence among Oriental Spanish Jews, and borne by several writers. Abraham ben Ephraim Sancho:...
Sanctification Of The Name JE ...
Sanctuary JE A sacred place for divine service. There were six sanctuaries: (1) the Tabernacle in the wilderness, built by Moses in the...
Sandalfon JE Name of an angel. It is a Greek formation and synonymous with συνάδελφο&#962...
Sandals JE In the warm countries of the East shoes are not such an indispensable part of clothing as in the colder northern countries...
Sandek (syndikus) JE ...
Daniel Sanders JE German lexicographer; born in Altstrelitz, Mecklenburg, April 12, 1819; died March 12, 1897. He received his early education...
Paul SÁndor JE Hungarian merchant and deputy; born in 1860 at Hodmezövásárhely; studied at the academies of commerce in Budapest...
Adolph L Sanger JE American lawyer and politician; born at Baton Rouge, La., in 1842; died in New York city Jan. 3, 1894. A graduate of the City...
Sanhedrin JE Hebrew-Aramaic term originally designating only the assembly at Jerusalem that constituted the highest political magistracy...
Sanhedrin JE Name of a treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both Talmudim. It stands fourth in the order Neziḳin in most editions...
French Sanhedrin JE Jewish high court convened by Napoleon I. to give legal sanction to the principles expressed by the Assembly of Notables in...
Sanitation JE ...
Santa Maria JE ...
Luis (azarias) De Santangel (sancto Angelos) JE Marano and learned jurist of Calatayud, Spain; died before 1459. He was converted by the sermons of Vicente Ferrer, and was...
Santarem JE City of Portugal. Even before its conquest by the Portuguese in 1140, it possessed a Jewry, situated near the Church of S...
Santob (shem-Ṭob) De Carrion JE Spanish poet; born toward the end of the thirteenth century at Carrion de los Condes, a town in Castile, whence his cognomen...
James Sanua JE Egyptian publicist; born at Cairo April, 1839. He studied in Egypt and in Italy, and at the age of sixteen commenced to contribute...
Jacob Saphir JE Rabbi and traveler of Rumanian descent; born in 1822 at Oshmiany, government of Wilna; died in Jerusalem 1886. While still...
Moritz Gottlieb Saphir JE Hungarian humorist; born at Lovas-Berény Feb. 8, 1795; died at Baden, near Vienna, Sept. 5, 1858. In 1806 he went to...
Sigmund Saphir JE Hungarian journalist; born in Hungary 1806 (according to some, 1801); died at Pesth Oct. 17, 1866. He edited several German...
Sapphire JE A highly prized sky-blue precious stone, frequently mentioned in the Old Testament and Apocrypha (Ex. xxiv. 10, xxviii. 18...
Sar Shalom Ben Boaz JE Gaon of Sura, where he died about 859 or 864, having held the gaonate for ten years. He succeeded Kohen Ẓedeḳ...
Saragossa JE Capital of the former kingdom of Aragon. The city is situated on the Ebro, which is crossed by a long stone bridge constructed...
Joseph Saragossi JE Talmudist and cabalist of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. On being banished from Spain in 1492 he went successively...
Sarah (sarai) JE Wife of Abraham, who for a long period remained childless (Gen. xi. 29-30). She accompanied her husband from Haran to Canaan...
Sarah Copia Shulam JE ...
Sarajevo JE Capital of Bosnia. For the history of its Jewish community till 1850 see Bosnia.About 1850 Omar Pasha (Michael Lattas) granted...
Kasriel H Sarasohn JE American journalist; born in Paiser, Russian Poland, 1835; died at New York city Jan. 12, 1905. He studied at home and prepared...
Saratof JE Russian city, in the government of the same name; situated on the right bank of the Volga. The city is chiefly memorable for...
Saraval JE Family of scholars, of whom the following deserve special mention: Abraham b. Judah Löb Saraval: Flourished in the...
Sardinia JE An island in the Mediterranean, about 140 miles from the west coast of Italy, between 8° 4′ and 9° 49&#8242...
Sardis JE Ancient city of Asia Minor and capital of Lydia; situated on the Pactolus at the northern base of Mount Tmolus, about sixty...
Sargenes JE A white linen garment which resembles a surplice and consists of a long, loose gown with flowing sleeves and with a collar...
Sargon JE King of Assyria; died 705 B.C. He is mentioned in the Bible only in Isa. xx. 1; and his name is preserved by no classic writer...
Michael Sargon JE Indian convert to Christianity; born in Cochin 1795; died about 1855. He was converted in 1818 by T. Jarrett of Madras, and...
Sarko (zarko, Zarik), Joseph Ben Judah JE Italian grammarian and Hebrew poet of the first half of the fifteenth century. According to Carmoly ("Histoire des M&#233...
Mohammed Sa'id Sarmad JE Persian poet of Jewish birth; flourished in the first half of the seventeenth century. He was born at Kashan of a rabbinical...
Jacob De Castro Sarmento JE ...
Samuel Sarphati JE Dutch physician and economist; born at Amsterdam Jan. 31, 1813; died there June 23, 1866. After finishing his medical studies...
Jacob B Joseph Sarsino (sarcino) JE Italian rabbi of the seventeenth century; pupil of R. Ẓebi Hirsch b. Isaac in Cracow. He was rabbi in Venice, and labored...
Moses Ben Issachar Ha-levi SÄrteles JE ...
Israel Sarug (saruk) JE Cabalist of the sixteenth century. A pupil of Isaac Luria, he devoted himself at the death of his master to the propagation...
Aaron Ben Joseph Sason JE Rabbi of Salonica in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; died shortly before 1626. He was a pupil of Mordecai Matalon...
Abraham Sason JE Italian cabalist; flourished in Venice at the beginning of the seventeenth century. He was the author of the following works:...
Jacob Ben Israel Sason JE Palestinian Talmudist; flourished at Safed at the end of the seventeenth century; a pupil of Isaac Alfandari. He was the author...
Joseph Ben Jacob Sason JE Editor and, perhaps, author; lived in the sixteenth century. He edited the "Maḥazor Sefardi" (Venice, 1584); and a Jewish...
Sasportas JE Spanish family of rabbis and scholars, the earliest known members of which lived at Oran, Algeria, at the end of the sixteenth...
Jacob Koppel Ben Aaron Sasslower JE Russian Masorite of the seventeenth century; lived in Zaslav, government of Volhynia. He wrote "Naḥalat Ya'a&#7731...
Sassoon JE Family claiming to trace its descent from the Ibn Shoshans of Spain. The earliest member to attain distinction was David Sassoon...
Satan JE Term used in the Bible with the general connotation of "adversary," being applied (1) to an enemy in war (I Kings v. 18 [A...
Isaac Ha-levi Satanow JE Scholar and poet; born at Satanow, Poland, 1733; died in Berlin, Germany, Dec. 25, 1805. In early manhood he left his native...
Satire JE Ironical and veiled attack, mostly in verse. Among the Hebrews satire made its appearance with the advent of the usurper....
Satrap JE Ruler of a province in the governmental system of ancient Persia. The Old Persian form of the word, "khshathrapavan" (protector...
Satyr JE Rendering by the English versions of the Hebrew "se'irim" in Isa. xiii. 21, xxxiv. 14 (R. V., margin, "he-goats"; American...
Saul JE The first king of all Israel. He was the son of Kish, "a Benjamite, a mighty man of valor" (I Sam. ix. 1). For many years...
Saul JE Karaite leader; son and successor of Anan ben David; died about 780. He is styled by the later Karaites "nasi" (prince) and...
Abba Saul JE Tanna of the third generation. In Ab. R. N. xxix. mention is made of an Abba Saul b. Nanos whom Lewy ("Ueber Einige Fragmente...
Saul, Abba, B BaṬnit JE Tanna of the second and first centuries B.C. According to Derenbourg, his mother was a Batanian proselyte, whence he derived...
Saul B Aryeh JE ...
Saul Cohen Ashkenazi JE ...
Saul Ben David JE Russian rabbi; died 1623. He was the author of: "Ṭal Orot" (Prague, 1615), treatise, in verse, on the thirty-nine principal...
Saul Ben Joseph Of Monteux JE French liturgical poet; lived at Carpentras in the second half of the seventeenth century. The ritual of Avignon contains...
Saul Of Tarsus JE The actual founder of the Christian Church as opposed to Judaism; born before 10 C.E.; died after 63. The records containing...
Saul Wahl JE ...
Louis FÉlicien Joseph Caignart De Saulcy JE Christian archeologist and numismatist; born at Lille March 19, 1807; died in Paris Nov. 5, 1880. He first adopted a military...
Savannah JE Important commercial city of Chatham county, Georgia; situated on the Savannah River. It was founded in 1733 by Gen. James...
Savior JE ...
Savoy JE Ancient independent duchy; part of the kingdom of Sardinia from 1720; ceded to France in 1860; and now (1905) forming the...
Julius Sax JE Electrical engineer; born at Sugarre, Russia, 1824; died in London Aug., 1890. He emigrated to England in 1851, and started...
Saxe-altenburg, -coburg-gotha, -meiningen,-weimar JE ...
Saxon Duchies JE The four Saxon duchies are those of Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Weimar. Saxe-Altenburg: ...
Saxony JE Kingdom of the German empire. Jews are reported to have appeared in Saxony before the year 1000, in the train of the Lombards...
Archibald Henry Sayce JE English archeologist; born at Shirehampton Sept. 25, 1846; educated at Grosvenor College, Bath, and Queen's College, Oxford...
Scala Nova JE Important city of Anatolia opposite the island of Samos; seaport of Ephesus. The oldest epitaph in the Jewish cemetery is...
Scapegoat JE ...
Scepter JE ...
Schepsel Schaffer JE American rabbi; born May 4, 1862, at Bausk, Courland, Russia; descendant of Mordecai Jaffe, author of the "Lebush." He was...
Nahum MeÏr (shomer) Schaikewitz JE Russian Judæo-German novelist and play-wright; born at Nesvizh, government of Minsk, Dec. 18, 1849. Schaikewitz distinguished...
Hermann Schapira JE Russian mathematician; born in 1840 at Erswilken, near Tauroggen, a small town in Lithuania; died at Cologne May 8, 1898,...
Heinrich Schapiro JE Russian physician; born at Grodno 1853; died at St. Petersburg Feb. 14, 1901. After leaving the gymnasium at Grodno he studied...
Moses B Phinehas Schapiro JE Russian rabbi and printer; born probably in Koretz, Volhynia, about 1758; died in Slavuta 1838. He was the son of the &#7716...
Moritz Scharf JE ...
Boris Schatz JE Russian sculptor; born in 1866, in the government of Kovno. He was the son of a poor schoolmaster ("melammed"). He studied...
Solomon Schechter JE President of the faculty of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America; formerly reader in rabbinics at Cambridge University...
Simon Baruch Schefftel JE German Hebraist; born June 14, 1813, at Breslau; died March 9, 1885. In 1848 he settled as a merchant at Posen. After his...
Elie Scheid JE French communal worker and writer; born at Hagenau, Alsace, Oct. 24, 1841. After he had graduated from college, the impairment...
Samuel B Abraham (saler) Scheindlinger JE Polish rabbi; died in Lemberg Aug. 7, 1796. He was probably a native of Dobromil, and was at first rabbi in Sale and afterward...
Leopold Schenk JE Austrian embryologist; born at Urmény, Comitat Neutra, Hungary, Aug. 23, 1840; died at Schwanberg, Styria, Aug. 18, 1902...
Benjamin Scherschewski JE Russian physician; born in Brest-Litovsk 1857. He studied medicine at the University of Warsaw, from which he graduated in...
Judah JÜdel Ben Benjamin Scherschewski JE Lithuanian Talmudist and Hebraist; born in 1804; died at Kovno Sept. 20, 1866. After having studied Talmud and rabbinics under...
Ẓebi Hirsch Ha-kohen Scherschewski JE Russian Hebrew writer; born at Pinsk in 1840. While still a boy he studied Hebrew grammar and archeology without a teacher...
Jacob Moses David (tebele) B Michael Scheuer JE German Talmudist; born in the beginning of the eighteenth century at Frankfort-on-the-Main; died 1782 at Mayence. Scheuer...
Schey, Philipp, Baron Von Koromla JE Hungarian merchant and philanthropist; born at Güns (Köszeg) Sept. 20, 1798; died at Baden, near Vienna, June 28...
Abraham Ben Aryeh LÖb Schick JE Lithuanian Talmudist and author of the nineteenth century; a native of Slonim, government of Grodno. Schick occupied himself...
Baruch B Jacob Schick JE ...
Elijah Ben Benjamin Schick JE Lithuanian rabbi and preacher; born at Vasilishok, government of Wilna, in 1809; died at Kobrin, government of Kovno, Sept...
Schiff JE Family of Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany. The earliest known member, Jacob Kohen Ẓedeḳ Schiff, who is mentioned...
Emil Schiff JE Austrian journalist; born in Raudnitz, Bohemia, May 30, 1849; died in Berlin Jan. 23, 1899. Schiff was the son of a petty...
Josef Schiff JE Austrian stenographer; born Feb. 25, 1848, at Ragendorf, Hungary. In 1874 he was appointed teacher of stenography at the Vienna...
Feiwel (phoebus) Schiffer JE Russian Hebraist and poet; born in Lasezow, government of Lublin, about 1810; died after 1866. He lived successively in Josefov...
Emanuel Schiffers JE Russian chess master; born of German parents at St. Petersburg May 4, 1850; died there Dec. 12, 1904. He was educated at the...
Solomon Schill JE Hungarian philologist; born Oct. 14, 1849, in Budapest. He studied at Raab, Budapest, and Vienna; obtained his diploma as...
Armand Schiller JE French journalist; born at Saint-Mandé (Seine) Aug. 7, 1857. He studied at the Lycée Condorcet, and, after receiving...
Solomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy JE Reader in rabbinic at Cambridge University; born at Budapest (Alt-Ofen), Hungary, December 23, 1820; died at Cambridge March 11, 1890. After a distinguished...
Solomon Schindler JE German-American rabbi and author; born at Neisse, Germany, April 24, 1842. In 1868 he was selected to take charge of a small...
Schlemihl JE Popular Yiddish term for an unfortunate person. It occurs also in the form Schlimmilius ("Jüdische Volksbibliothek,"...
Herman Schlesinger JE German physician; born at Adelebsen, Hanover, April 1, 1856. He was graduated an M. D. at Göttingen in the year 1879...
Josef Schlesinger JE Austrian mathematician; born at Mährisch-Schönberg Dec. 31, 1831. The son of very poor parents, he had to earn a...
Ludwig Schlesinger JE Hungarian mathematician; born at Tyrnau (Nagyszombat) Nov. 1, 1864; educated at the Realschule, Presburg, and at the universities...
Markus Schlesinger JE ...
Sigmund Schlesinger JE Austrian writer; born at Vienna 1811; educated at the Schottengymnasium and the University of Vienna (M. D. 1835). He published...
Wilhelm S Schlesinger JE Austrian physician; born at Tinnye, Hungary, 1839. Educated at the University of Vienna (M.D. 1864), he established himself...
Schlettstadt JE Town in Alsace, about 27 miles south-southwest of Strasburg. In the year 1349, under Emperor Charles IV., its Jewish inhabitants...
Samuel Ben Aaron Schlettstadt JE German rabbi; born at Schlettstadt; lived at Strasburg in the second half of the fourteenth century. He was rabbi and head...
Max Schloessinger JE German philologist and theologian; born at Heidelberg Sept. 4, 1877; educated at the public school and the gymnasium of his...
Gottfried S Schmelkes JE Austrian physician; born at Prague Sept. 22, 1807; died at Interlaken, Switzerland, Oct. 28, 1870. Educated at the universities...
Anton Von Schmid JE Christian publisher of Hebrew books; born at Zwettl, Lower Austria, Jan. 23, 1765; died at Vienna June 27, 1855. His father...
Adolf Schmiedl JE Austrian rabbi and scholar; born at Prossnitz, Moravia, Jan. 26, 1821. He held the office of rabbi at Gewitsch, Moravia, from...
Isidor Schnabel JE Austrian physician; born at Neubidschow, Bohemia, Nov. 14, 1842. Educated at the University of Vienna (M.D. 1865), he became...
Louis Schnabel JE Austrian teacher and journalist; born at Prossnitz, Moravia, June 29, 1829; died at New York May 3, 1897. He was educated...
Dob BÄr Schneiersohn JE ...
Eduard Schnitzer JE ...
Johann Schnitzler JE Austrian laryngologist; born at Nagy-Kanizsa, Hungary, April 10, 1835; died at Vienna May 2, 1893. Educated at the University...
Schnorrer JE Judæo-German term of reproach for a Jewish beggar having some pretensions to respectability. In contrast to the ordinary...
Nestor Ivan Schnurmann JE English educationist; born 1854 in Russia. He went to England about 1880, and began his career as a teacher of Russian and...
Sir Alexander Schomberg JE British naval officer; born 1716; died in Dublin March 19, 1804; younger son of Meyer Löw Schomberg. He entered the navy...
Isaac Schomberg JE English physician; born at Cologne Aug. 14, 1714; died in London May 4, 1780; son of Meyer Löw Schomberg. He received...
Meyer LÖw Schomberg JE English physician; born at Fetzburg, Germany, 1690; died in London March 4, 1761. He was the eldest son of a Jewish practitioner...
Ralph (raphael) Schomberg JE English physician and author; born at Cologne, Germany, Aug. 14, 1714; died at Reading, England, June 29, 1792; twin brother...
Georg Von SchÖnerer JE Austrian politician and anti-Semitic agitator; born at Vienna July 17, 1842. He devoted himself to agriculture, and in 1873...
Baruch SchÖnfeld JE Hungarian Hebraist; born at Szenicz 1778; died at Budapest Dec. 29, 1852. He was a teacher in several towns of Hungary and...
Joseph SchÖnhak JE Russian author; born at Tiktin 1812; died at Suwalki Dec., 10, 1870. Schönhak led a retired life, devoting his time to...
School; School-teacher JE ...
Abraham Hayyim Ben Naphtali Hirsch Schor JE Galician rabbi; died at Belz, a small town near Lemberg, Jan. 3 (or 23), 1632; buried in Lemberg. He was rabbi in Satanow...
(moses) Ephraim Solomon (the Elder) Schor JE Polish rabbi; died in Lublin in 1633. He was the son of Naphtali Hirsch of Moravia and a descendant of the tosafist Joseph...
Naphtali Hirsch Ben Zalman Schor JE Moravian Talmudist of the sixteenth century. He was a pupil of Moses Isserles, who addressed to him many of his responsa,...
Joshua Heschel Schorr JE Galician Hebrew scholar, critic, and communal worker; born at Brody May 22, 1814; died there Sept. 2, 1895. His parents were...
Naphtali Mendel Schorr JE Galician Hebrew writer; died at Lemberg Dec. 14, 1883. He was the founder (1861) of the Hebrew weekly "Ha-'Et," of which...
Simon Wolf Schossberger De Torna JE Hungarian merchant and estate-owner; born 1796 at Sasvar (Sassin, Schossberg, Comitat Nyitra); died at Budapest March 25,...
Benedict (baruch) Schott (schottlÄnder) JE German educationist; born in Danzig March 11, 1763 (or 1764); died at Seesen July 21, 1846. Left an orphan at an early age...
Julius SchottlÄnder JE German merchant; born at Münsterberg, Silesia, March 22, 1835; educated at the public schools of his native town and...
Julius SchottlÄnder JE German gynecologist; born at St. Petersburg April 12, 1860. Studying at the universities of Munich and Heidelberg, he graduated...
Emanuel Schreiber JE American rabbi; born at Leipnik, Moravia, Dec. 13, 1852. He received his education at the Talmudical college of his native...
Moses B Samuel Schreiber JE German rabbi; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Sept. 14, 1763; died at Presburg Oct. 3, 1839. His mother's name was Reisil...
Simon Schreiber JE Austrian rabbi; born at Presburg, Hungary, 1821; died March 25, 1883, at Cracow; son of Moses Schreiber. In 1842 he became...
Abraham Schreiner JE Austrian discoverer of petroleum; born in Galicia in the second decade of the nineteenth century; died after 1870. He was...
Martin Schreiner JE Hungarian rabbi; born at Grosswardein July 8, 1863; educated at the local gymnasium and the rabbinical seminary and at the...
Abraham Schrenzel JE ...
Jakob Schreyer JE Hungarian jurist; born Feb. 7, 1847, in Ugra. He studied at Nagyvarad, Debreczin, Budapest, and Vienna (Doctor of Law, 1870)...
Johann Jakob Schudt JE German polyhistor and Orientalist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Jan. 14, 1664; died there Feb. 14, 1722. He studied theology...
MoÏse Schuhl JE French rabbi; born at Westhausen, Alsace, May 2, 1845. He received his education at the lyceum at Strasburg and at the Rabbinical...
Schul JE Judæo-German designation for the temple or the synagogue ("bet ha-midrash"), used as early as the thirteenth century...
Moses Schulbaum JE Austrian Hebraist; born at Jezierzany, Galicia, April 25, 1835. His mother was a descendant of Ḥakam Ẓebi. At...
SchÜler Gelauf JE Organized attacks upon the Jews of different Polish cities by Christian youths, especially pupils of the many Jesuit schools...
Isaac Ben Zalman Ben Moses Schulhof JE Austrian rabbi; born about 1650 at Prague; died there Jan. 19, 1733. He settled in Ofen as the rabbi of a small congregation...
Julius Schulhoff JE Austrian pianist and composer; born at Prague Aug. 2, 1825; died at Berlin March 15, 1898. Kisch and Tedesco were his teachers...
Schulklopfer JE Name given in the Middle Ages to a beadle who called the members of the congregation to service in the synagogue. It is stated...
Kalman Schulman JE Russian author, historian, and poet; born at Bykhov, government of Moghilef (Mohilev), Russia, in 1819; died in Wilna Jan...
Samuel Schulman JE American rabbi; born in Russia Feb. 14, 1865. He was taken to New York when hardly one year old, and was educated in the public...
Ludwig Schulmann JE German philologist and writer; born at Hildesheim 1814; died at Hanover July 24, 1870. He studied philology at the University...
Albert Schultens JE Dutch Orientalist; born at Gröningen Aug. 23, 1686; died Jan. 26, 1756. He studied Arabic at Leyden under Van Til, and...
William Schur JE American author; born at Outian, near Vilkomir, Russia, Oct. 27, 1844. He studied Talmud at his native town and at the Yeshibah...
Arthur Schuster JE English physicist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Sept. 12, 1851. He was educated at Frankfort, at Owens College, Manchester...
Schutzjude JE Jew under the special protection of the head of the state. In the early days of travel and commerce the Jews, like other aliens...
LÖw Schwab JE Moravian rabbi; born at Krumau, Moravia, March 11, 1794; died April 3, 1857; pupil of R. Mordecai Benet in Nikolsburg, R....
MoÏse Schwab JE French librarian and author; born at Paris Sept. 18, 1839; educated at the Jewish school and the Talmud Torah at Strasburg...
Julius Leopold Schwabach JE British consul-general in Berlin; born in Breslau 1831; died there Feb. 23, 1898. At the age of sixteen he entered the banking-house...
Gustav Schwalbe JE German anatomist and anthropologist; born at Quedlinburg Aug. 1, 1844. Educated at the universities of Berlin, Zurich, and...
Adolf Schwarz JE Austrian theologian; born July, 1846, at Adász-Tevel, near Papa, Hungary. He received his early instruction in the Talmud...
Anton Schwarz JE Austrian chemist; born at Polna, Bohemia, Feb. 2, 1839; died at New York city Sept. 24, 1895. He was educated at the University...
Gustav Schwarz JE Hungarian lawyer; born at Budapest 1858; educated in his native city and at German universities. In 1884 he became privat-docent...
Israel Schwarz JE German rabbi; born at Hürben, Bavaria, March 15, 1830; died at Cologne Jan. 4, 1875; educated by his father, R. Joachim...
Joseph Schwarz JE Palestinian geographer; born at Flosz, Bavaria, Oct. 22, 1804; died at Jerusalem Feb. 5, 1865. When he was seventeen years...
Peter Schwarz JE German Dominican preacher and anti-Jewish writer of the fifteenth century. According to John Eck ("Verlegung cines Juden-B&#252...
Schwarzfeld JE Rumanian family which became prominent in the nineteenth century. Benjamin Schwarzfeld: Rumanian educator and writer; father...
Schweidnitz JE ...
Schweinfurt JE Town in Lower Franconia. The first mention of its Jews dates from the year 1243, when Henry of Bamberg ordered 50 marks in...
Schwerin JE ...
GÖtz Schwerin JE Hungarian rabbi and Talmudist; born in 1760 at Schwerin-on-the-Warthe (Posen); died Jan. 15, 1845; educated at the yeshibot...
Marcel Schwob (mayer AndrĖ) JE French journalist; born at Chaville (Seine-et-Oise) Aug. 23, 1867; died at Paris Feb. 27, 1905. He received his early instruction...
Scopus JE An elevation seven stadia north of Jerusalem, where, according to tradition, the high priest and the inhabitants of the city...
Scorpion JE An arachnid resembling a miniature flat lobster, and having a poisonous sting in its tail. It is common in the Sinaitic Peninsula...
Scotland JE Country forming the northern part of Great Britain. Jews have been settled there only since the early part of the nineteenth...
Charles Alexander (karl Blumenthal) Scott JE English author; born in London 1803; died at Venice Nov., 1866. At an early age he went to Italy, where he remained for a...
Scourging JE ...
Scranton JE Third largest city in the state of Pennsylvania and capital of Lackawanna county. Jews settled there when the place was still...
Scribes JE Body of teachers whose office was to interpret the Law to the people, their organization beginning with Ezra, who was their...
Scroll Of Antiochus JE ...
Scroll Of The Law JE The Pentateuch, written on a scroll of parchment. The Rabbis count among the mandatory precepts incumbent upon every Israelite...
Scythians JE A nomadic people which was known in ancient times as occupying territory north of the Black Sea and east of the Carpathian...
Scythopolis JE ...
The Molten Sea JE ...
Sea-mew JE For Biblical data see Cuckoo. In the Talmud (Ḥul. 62b) is mentioned an unclean bird under the name , and (ib. 102b)...
Sea-monster JE ...
Seah JE ...
Seal (device) JE It is noteworthy that a number of the seals which have been preserved belonged to women, although in later times it was not...
Solomon Sebag JE English teacher and Hebrew writer; born in 1828; died at London April 30, 1892; son of Rabbi Isaac Sebag. He was educated...
Sebaste JE ...
Sebastus JE The port of Cæsarea on the Mediterranean Sea. Cæsarea itself, which Herod hadmade an important seaport, received...
Pablo Marini Secchi JE Italian Christian merchant; lived at Rome in the sixteenth century. He made a wager with a Jew, Samson Ceneda, that Santo...
Second Day Of Festivals JE Day added by the Rabbis to all holy days except Yom Kippur. Jews living at a distance from Jerusalem were informed by messengers...
The Second Temple JE ...
Sects JE ...
Security JE ...
Joseph Sedbon JE Rabbinical and cabalistic author of Tunis in the second half of the eighteenth century. He composed a cabalistic treatise...
Sedechias JE ...
Seder JE Before the schools of Hillel and Shammai arose in the days of King Herod, a service of thanks, of which the six "psalms of...
Seder 'olam Rabbah JE Earliest post-exilic chronicle preserved in the Hebrew language. In the Babylonian Talmud this chronicle is several times...
Seder 'olam ZuṬa JE Anonymous chronicle, called "Zuṭa" (= "smaller," or "younger") to distinguish it from the older "Seder 'Olam Rabbah...
Seduction JE The act of inducing a woman or girl of previously chaste character to consent to unlawful sexual intercourse. The Mosaic law...
SÉe JE A family of Alsatian origin whose most important members are: Abraham Adolphe Sée: French barrister; born in Colmar...
Josef Seegen JE Austrian balneologist; born at Polna May 20, 1822. He studied medicine at Prague and Vienna (M.D. 1847), becoming privat-docent...
Seelig (abi 'ezri) Ben Isaac Margolioth JE Polish Talmudist of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; born at Polock; died probably in Palestine. He was preacher...
Seer JE Rendering in the English versions of the Hebrew , which in I Sam. ix. 9 is reported to have been the old popular designation...
Seesen JE Town in the Harz Mountains, where in the fall of 1801 Israel Jacobson founded the school which was called after him (See Jacobson...
Sefer Ha-torah JE ...
Sefer YeẒirah JE ...
The Ten Sefirot JE Potencies or agencies by means of which, according to the Cabala, God manifested His existence in the production of the universe...
Segelmesa JE ...
Judah Ben Joseph Segelmessi (sijilmissi) JE African liturgist; flourished about 1400; a native of Segelmesa, Morocco. Two seliḥot of his are extant, one beginning...
Segol JE ...
Segovia JE City of Spain in Old Castile; situated between Burgos, Toledo, and Avila. When conquered by Alfonso VI. it already had a considerable...
Segre JE Italian family of scholars. Abraham ben Judah Segre (known as Rab ASI): Rabbi in Casale in the seventeenth and eighteenth...
Seherr-thoss, Johann Christoph, Freiherr Von JE Austrian soldier; born at Lissen Feb. 17, 1670; died Jan. 14, 1743. He is known in Jewish history as having been the first...
Joseph Seiberling JE Russian educator, censor, and communal worker; born in Wilna; died at an advanced age after 1882. His father, Isaac Markusewich...
Seir JE Region that took its name from Seir the Horite, whose descendants occupied it, followed by Edom and his descendants. The earliest...
Seixas JE American family, the founder of which removed from Portugal to the United States in 1730. Abraham Seixas: American merchant...
Sela JE ...
Selah JE Term of uncertain etymology and grammatical form and of doubtful meaning. It occurs seventy-one times in thirty-nine of the...
John Selden JE English jurist and Orientalist; born Dec. 16, 1584, at Salvington, Sussex; died at Whitefriars, London, Nov. 30, 1654. He...
Seleucia JE Greek colony founded about the end of the third century B.C. on Lake Merom. According to the inference of Grätz, based...
SeleucidÆ JE Powerful Syrian dynasty, which exercised an influence on the history of the Jews for two centuries (312-112 B.C.). Seleucus...
Self-defense JE ...
Seligman JE American Jewish family having its origin in Baiersdorf, Bavaria. The eight sons of David Seligman have formed merchantile...
Franz Romeo Seligmann JE Austrian physician and Persian scholar; born at Nikolsburg June 30, 1808; died at Vienna Sept. 15, 1892. Educated at the gymnasium...
Seligmann, Leopold, Ritter Von JE Austrian army surgeon; born at Nikolsburg Jan. 18, 1815; brother of Franz Romeo Seligmann. He received his education at the...
Max Seligsohn JE Russian-American Orientalist; born in Russia April 13, 1865. Having received his rabbinical training at Slutsk, government...
Samuel Seligsohn JE Hebrew poet; born at Samoczin, Posen, 1815; died there Oct. 3, 1866. He published "Ha-Abib" (Berlin, 1845), an epos. Another...
Selihah JE Penitential prayers; perhaps the oldest portion of the synagogal compositions known under the term of Piyyuṭim. The...
Semahot JE Euphemistic name of the treatise known as "Ebel Rabbati," one of the so-called small or later treatises which in the editions...
Semalion JE Name occurring in an obscure passage relating to the death of Moses (Sifre, Deut. 357; Soṭab 13b), which modern scholars...
Gedaliah Semiatitsch JE Lithuanian Talmudist of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He was one of the Ḥasidic party which in 1700 made...
Semikah JE A ceremony obligatory on one who offered an animal sacrifice. The regulations governing its observance were as follows: The...
Seminaire Israelite De France JE French rabbinical school. On Jan. 23, 1704, Abraham Schwab and Agathe, his wife, founded a yeshibah at Metz; and on Nov. 12...
Semites JE Term used in a general way to designate those peoples who are said in Gen. x. 21-30 to be the descendants of the patriarch...
Semitic Languages JE Languages spoken by the Semitic peoples (comp. Semites). These peoples are the North-Arabians, the South-Arabians, the Abyssinians...
Harvard University Semitic Museum JE Founded by Jacob H. Schiff of New York in 1889, at Cambridge, Mass. Its objects are to gather, preserve, and exhibit all known...
Charles Semon JE Philanthropist; born in Danzig 1814; died in Switzerland July 18, 1877. He emigrated to England and settled in the manufacturing...
Sir Felix Semon JE English specialist in diseases of the throat; born at Danzig Dec. 8, 1849; nephew of Julius Semon. He studied medicine at...
Sen Bonet Bonjorn JE ...
Herman Senator JE German clinicist and medical author; born at Gnesen, province of Posen, Prussia, Dec. 6, 1834; M.D. Berlin, 1857. During his...
Lucius AnnÆus Seneca JE Stoic philosopher; born about 6 B.C.; died 65 C.E.; teacher of Nero. Like other Latin authors of the period, Seneca mentions...
Seneh JE ...
Abraham Senior JE Court rabbi of Castile, and royal tax-farmer-in-chief; born in Segovia in the early part of the fifteenth century; a near...
Phoebus Ben Jacob Abigdor Senior JE Talmudic scholar and author; lived in thefirst half of the eighteenth century. He wrote a commentary on the six orders of...
Senlis JE Chief town of an arrondissement of the department of the Oise, France, and a noted health and pleasure resort. It possessed...
Sennacherib JE King of Assyria, 705-681 B.C.; son and successor of Sargon. His reign was a warlike one, yet it was marked by grandeur in...
Sens JE Chief town of an arrondissement of the department of the Yonne, France. Jews were among its inhabitants as early as the sixth...
The Five Senses JE According to the Aristotelian psychology, the human soul possesses, besides the rational and nutritive faculties, that of...
Sentence JE ...
Sephardim JE Descendants of the Jews who were expelled from Spain and Portugal and who settled in southern France, Italy, North Africa...
Sepphoris JE City in Palestine which derived its name from the fact that it was perched like a bird on a high mountain. It is first mentioned...
Septuagint JE ...
Sepulveda JE City in the bishopric of Segovia, Spain, inhabited by Jews as early as the eleventh century. Its old laws contained a paragraph...
Isaac Henrique Sequira JE English physician; born at Lisbon 1738; died in London Nov., 1816. He came of a medical family, his grandfather, father, and...
Serah JE Daughter of Asher, son of Jacob. She is counted among the seventy members of the patriarch's family who emigrated from...
Seraiah JE A scribe, and one of the officials under David (II Sam. viii. 17; comp. xx. 25, where he appears under the name Sheva). In...
Seraphim JE Class of heavenly beings, mentioned only once in the Old Testament, in a vision of the prophet Isaiah (vi. 2 et seq.). Isaiah...
Serebszczyzna JE Land-tax imposed upon the inhabitants of Lithuania and Russia in the Middle Ages, and deriving its name from the fact that...
Serene (serenus) JE Pseudo-Messiah of the beginning of the eighth century; a native of Syria. The name is a Latin form of , which is found in...
Serpent JE The following terms are used in the Old Testament to denote serpents of one kind or another: (1) "naḥash," the generic...
Serraglio Degli Ebrei JE ...
Serre JE ...
Servant JE ...
Servant Of God JE Title of honor given to various persons or groups of persons; namely, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob (Deut. ix. 27; comp. Ps. cv. 6...
Servi CamerÆ JE ...
Flaminio Ephraim Servi JE Italian rabbi; born at Pitigliano, Tuscany, Dec. 24, 1841; died at Casale-Monferrato Jan. 23, 1904. He received his education...
Servia JE Kingdom of southeastern Europe; until 1876 a vassal state of Turkey. The history of the Jews of the country is almost identical...
Service Of Process JE ...
Karl BorromÄus Alexander Sessa JE Anti-Jewish author; born at Breslau Dec. 20, 1786; died there Dec. 4, 1813. He studied philosophy and medicine in various...
Set-off JE Effort of a defendant to set up a cause of action against a plaintiff, to the end that the judgment of the court may satisfy...
Seth JE According to Gen. iv. 25, 26 and v. 3-8, Seth was the third son of Adam. He was born after Cain had murdered Abel and when...
Seven JE ...
Severin JE ...
Alexander Severus JE ...
Julius Severus JE Roman general; consul in 127. Later he held a number of offices in the provinces, and was legate of Dacia, Mœsia, and...
Lucius Septimius; Severus JE Emperor of Rome from 193 to 211 C.E. At the beginning of his reign he was obliged to war against his rival, Pescennius Niger...
Seville JE Capital of the former kingdom of Seville; after Madrid the greatest and most beautiful city of Spain. The community of Seville...
Sexton JE ...
Julius Africanus Sextus JE Byzantine chronographer, noted for his surprisingly lucid interpretations of some Biblical questions; flourished in the first...
Sfax JE ...
Abraham Sfej JE Rabbinical author; born at Tunis in the early part of the eighteenth century; died at Amsterdam in 1784, while discharging...
Sforno JE Italian family, many members of which distinguished themselves as rabbis and scholars. The most prominent of these were the...
Sha'aṬnez JE Fabric consisting of a mixture of wool and linen, the wearing of which is forbidden by the Mosaic law (Lev. xix. 19; Deut...
Jeshua Shababo V11p213001jpg JE Egyptian scribe and rabbi; lived in the last quarter of the seventeenth century. His teachers were Rabbis Abraham ha-Levi...
Shabbat JE Treatise in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both Talmuds; devoted chiefly to rules and regulations for the Sabbath. The Scriptural...
Shabbat Ha-gadol JE The Sabbath preceding Passover. The designation "great" for this Sabbath is mentioned by Rashi (11th cent.), and is due to...
Shabbat Goy JE The Gentile employed in a Jewish household on the Sabbath-day to perform services which are religiously forbidden to Jews...
Shabbat Nahamu JE First Sabbath after the Ninth of Ab; so called because the hafṭarah begins with the words: "Naḥamu, naḥamu...
Shabbat Shubah JE The Sabbath between Rosh ha-Shanah and Yom Kippur; so called from the first words of the hafṭarah read on that day,...
Shabbethai B Abraham B Joel JE ...
Shabbethai Be'er (fonte) JE Italian rabbi of the seventeenth century; author of "Be'er 'Eseḳ" (Venice, 1674), a collection of 112 responsa...
Shabbethai Ben Isaac JE Talmudist and grammarian; born at Lublin, Poland; lived at Przemysl in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; teacher of...
Shabbethai Judah Isaac Ben Levi JE ...
Shabbethai B MeÏr Ha-kohen (shak) JE Russian Talmudist; born at Wilna 1621; died at Holleschau on the 1st of Adar (Rishon), 1662. In 1633 he entered the yeshibah...
Shabbethai Ben Moses JE Halakist and liturgical poet; flourished at Rome in the first half of the eleventh century. Of his halakic decisions only...
Shabbethai Ben Moses Ha-kohen JE Rabbi of Semeez (Semetch), near Tikoczin, Russia, in the first half of the eighteenth century. He edited "Minḥat Kohen"...
Shabbethai Nawawi JE Rabbi and scholar of the end of the seventeenth century; lived in Rosetta (), Egypt. He was a contemporary of Abraham b. Mordecai...
Shabbethai Raphael JE Shabbethaian agitator of the seventeenth century; a native of Morea. About 1667 Shabbethai Raphael was in Italy, where he...
Shabbethai B Solomon JE Rabbi and scholar; lived at Rome in the second half of the thirteenth century. In the controversy regarding the study of philosophy...
Shabbethai Ẓebi B Mordecai JE Pseudo-Messiah and cabalist; founder of the Shabbethaian sect; born on the Ninth of Ab (July 23, 1626) at Smyrna; died, according...
Shabu'ot JE ...
Shadchan JE Marriage-broker. The verb "shadak" ("meshaddekin"), referring to the arrangements which two heads of families made between...
Shaddai JE ...
Shadrach JE Name given by the chief of the eunuchs to Hananiah (Dan. i. 7 et passim). Various theories as to its etymology have been put...
Shahar Abakkshka JE Morning hymn written about 1050 by Solomon ibn Gabirol (Zunz, "Literaturgesch." p. 188), whose name appears in an acrostic...
Shalom Shakna JE Polish Talmudist; born about 1510; died at Lublin Oct. 29, 1558. He was a pupil of Jacob Pollak, founder of the method of...
Isaac Ha-kohen Shalal (sholal) JE Head ("nagid") of the community of Cairo, Egypt, in succession to his uncle Nathan ha-Kohen Shalal; died, according to Gr&#228...
Shalet (sholent) JE ...
Abraham Leib Shalkovich JE ...
Shallum JE King of Israel who dethroned Zechariah, the last of Jehu's dynasty, and succeeded him. He was in turn dethroned by Menahem...
Shalmaneser JE King of Assyria from 727 to 722 B.C.; successor, and possibly son, of Tiglath-pileser III. According to II Kings xvii. 3-6...
Abraham Ben Isaac Ben Judah Ben Samuel Shalom JE Italian scholar and theologian; died in 1492. In his "Neweh Shalom" (1574) he places Scriptural and Talmudic knowledge far...
Shalom Ben Joseph Shabbezi (salim al-shibzi) JE Yemenite poet and cabalist; flourished toward the end of the seventeenth century at Ṭa'iz, a city ten days'...
Shalom Of Vienna JE Austrian rabbi; lived at Wiener-Neustadt in the second half of the fourteenth century. He was distinguished for Talmudic learning...
Shamgar JE One of the Judges; son of Anath. He smote 600 Philistines with an ox-goad and saved Israel (Judges iii. 31). During his judgeship...
Shamhazai JE Name of a fallen angel. According to Targ. pseudo-Jonathan on Gen. vi. 4, "nefilim" (A. V. "giants") denotes the two angels...
Shamir JE Term designating a hard stone in the Targums, but in the Bible thrice (Jer. xvii. 1; Ezek. iii. 9; Zech. vii. 12) connoting...
Shammai JE Scholar of the first century B.C. He was the most eminent contemporary and the halakic opponent of Hillel, and is almost invariably...
Shammaites JE ...
Shammash JE Communal and synagogal officer whose duties to some extent correspond with those of the verger and beadle. In Talmudical times...
Shanghai JE Chinese city. The first Jew who arrived there was Elias David Sassoon, who, about the year 1850, opened a branch in connection...
Shangi JE Turkish family many members of which distinguished themselves as rabbis and scholars. Astruc ben David Shangi: Rabbi at...
Shaphan JE Son of Azaliah and scribe of King Josiah. He received from Hilkiah, the high priest, the book of the Law which had been found...
Isaiah MeÏr Kahana Shapira JE Polish-German rabbi and author; born at Memel, Prussia, July 28, 1828; died at Czortkow, Galicia, Jan. 9, 1887. He is said...
M W Shapira JE Polish purveyor of spurious antiquities; born about 1830; committed suicide at Rotterdam March 11, 1884. He appears to have...
Aryeh LÖb B Isaac Shapiro JE Polish rabbi and grammarian; born 1701; died at Wilna April, 1761. He went to Wilna in his childhood, and married a daughter...
Constantin Shapiro JE Russian photographer and Hebrew poet; born at Grodno, Russia, 1841; died in St. Petersburg March 23, 1900. He obtained his...
Sharon JE Large plain of Palestine, with an average elevation of between 280 and 300 feet above sea-level; bounded by Mount Carmel on...
Moses Aaron Shatzkes JE Russian Hebrew author; born at Karlin 1825; died at Kiev Aug. 24, 1899. He received a general as well as a Hebrew education...
Shaving JE The Mosaic law prohibits shaving the corners of the head and of the beard (Lev. xix. 27), the priests being particularly enjoined...
She-heheyanu JE The benediction "Blessed be the Lord, our God, King of the Universe, who has kept us alive ["she-heḥeyanu"] and sustained...
Shealtiel Hem JE ...
Shear-jashub JE Son of the prophet Isaiah; so named by his father as a prophecy that God would restore the Remnant of His people or that "the...
Sheba JE ...
Queen Of Sheba JE Monarch of a south-Arabian tribe, and contemporary with Solomon, whom she visited. The Queen of Sheba, hearing of the wisdom...
Sheba' Kehillot JE Designation of the following seven populous Jewish communities in the counties of Oedenburg (Sopron) and Wieselburg (Mosony)...
Shebarim JE ...
ShebaṬ JE Eleventh ecclesiastical and fifth civil month of the Jewish year (Zech. i. 7); I Macc. xvi.), corresponding to January-February...
Shebi'it JE Treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Palestinian Talmud. It belongs to the order Zera'im, in which it stands fifth, and...
Shebna JE Chamberlain of the king's palace, the office being filled also by Jotham (II Kings xv. 5). Shebna may be identified with...
Shebu'ot JE Treatise in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both Talmuds, dealing chiefly with the various forms of the oath. In most of the editions...
Shechem JE City of central Palestine; called Sichem in Gen. xii. 6, A. V.; Shalem, according to some commentators, ib. xxxiii. 18; Sychem...
Shedim JE ...
She'eh Ne'esar JE The pizmon or responsory hymn in the Seliḥot of the fast of the Seventeenth of Tammuz, the "fast of the fourth month"...
She'elot U-teshubot JE The Hebrew designation for the "responsa prudentium," connoting the written decisions and rulings given by eminent rabbis...
Sheep JE The most usual terms for the sheep are "seh" and "kebes" ("keseb"); "kar" (Deut. xxxii. 14; Isa. lviii. 7) denotes the young...
Sheepfold JE ...
Shefar'am JE Place in Palestine, three hours distant from Haifa, governed by a mudir. In the second century it served as a refuge for the...
Shefelah JE ...
Sheftall (sheftail) JE American family, well known in Georgia, members of which are at present living in Savannah. Benjamin Sheftall: American...
ShehiṬah JE The ritual slaughtering of animals. While the practise that prevailed among the nations of antiquity other than the Hebrews...
Pavel Vasilyevich Shein JE Russian ethnographer; born in 1826; died at Riga Aug. 14, 1900. He studied at the University of Moscow, and after conversion...
Sheitel JE ...
Shekalim JE Treatise of the Mishnah, the Tosefta, and the Jerusalem Talmud, dealing with the half-shekel tax which was imposed for defraying...
ShekanẒib JE Small town near Nehardea, in Persia, perhaps identical with Al-Zib on the Tigris, and possibly with ('Er. 64a, MS. reading)...
Shekel JE Name of (1) a weight and of (2) a silver coin in use among the Hebrews. 1. Weight: It has long been admitted that the Israelites...
Shekinah JE The majestic presence or manifestation of God which has descended to "dwell" among men. Like Memra (= "word"; "logos") and...
Shela (Rav Shela) JE Babylonian teacher of the latter part of the tannaitic and the beginning of the amoraic period; head of the school ("sidra")...
Shelah JE Youngest son of Judah by the daughter of the Canaanite Shuah; born in Chezib in the shephelah of Judah. His extreme youth...
Sheliah Ẓibbur JE Congregational messenger or deputy or agent. During the time of the Second Temple it was the priest who represented the congregation...
Shem JE The eldest of Noah's sons, according to the position and sequence of the names wherever all three are mentioned together...
Shem Ha-meforash JE Ancient tannaitic name of the Tetragrammaton. The exact meaning of the term is somewhat obscure; but since the Tetragrammaton...
Shem-Ṭob Ben Abraham Ibn Gaon JE Spanish Talmudist and cabalist; born at Soria, Spain, 1283; died, probably in Palestine, after 1330. From his genealogy given...
Shem-Ṭob De Carrion JE ...
Shem-Ṭob Ben Isaac Of Tortosa JE Spanish scholar and physician of the thirteenth century; born at Tortosa 1196. He engaged in commerce, and his business necessitated...
[[]] JE ...
Shem-Ṭob Ibn Palquera JE ...
Shema' JE Initial word of the verse, or chapter, recited as the confession of the Jewish faith. Originally, the "Shema'" consisted...
Shema' Koli JE Opening hymn of the services on the eve of Atonement in the Sephardic ritual, preceding Kol Nidre. It consists of twenty-nine...
Shemaiah JE Prophet in the reign of Rehoboam. He was commissioned to dissuade the king from waging war against the Northern Kingdom after...
Sameas) Shemaiah (samaias JE Leader of the Pharisees in the first century B.C.; president of the Sanhedrin before and during the reign of Herod. He and...
Shemaiah B Simeon Ẓebi JE Scholar of the seventeenth century, of whose life no other details are known than that he was the author of "Maẓref...
Shemaiah Of Soissons JE Scholar of the twelfth century; a pupil of Rashi. He was the author of the following works: (1) "Sodot" or "Midrash," notes...
Shemaiah Of Troyes JE Tosafist of the early part of the twelfth century; a pupil of Rashi; probably the father-in-law of Samuel b. Meïr. He...
Shemana (semana) JE Scholarly and prominent family of Tunis. Samuel b. Joseph Shemana: Rabbi of Tunis, whose family subsequently settled at...
Shemariah Ben Elhanan JE Head of the yeshibah of Cairo, Egypt, about the end of the tenth century. Abraham b. David ("Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah," in...
Shemariah B Mordecai JE German tosafist of the first half of the twelfth century; pupil of the tosafist Isaac b. Asher. He was considered an especially...
Shemariah Of Negropont JE ...
Shemini 'aẒeret JE Eighth day of Sukkot, "'aẓeret" being the name given to it in Lev. xxiii. 36; Num. xxix. 35; Neh. viii. 18; II Chron...
ShemiṬṬah JE ...
Shemoneh 'esreh JE Collection of benedictions forming the second—the Shema' being the first—important section of the daily prayers...
Shemot Rabbah JE ...
Sheol JE Hebrew word of uncertain etymology (see Sheol, Critical View), synonym of "bor" (pit), "abaddon" and "shaḥat" (pit or...
Shephatiah JE Name of several persons mentioned in the Old Testament. 1. Son of David and Abital; their fifth child. He was born while his...
Shepherd JE In the early days of settlement in Palestine the chief occupation of the Israelites was that of shepherding. Traces of the...
Sherira B Hanina JE Gaon of Pumbedita; born about 900; died about 1000 (Abraham ibn Daud, "Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah," in Neubauer, "M. J. C." i...
Sheshbazzar JE Prince of Judah, at the head of the first Jews that returned to Jerusalem after the Exile. In 539-538 B.C. Cyrus granted the...
Sheshet JE Babylonian amora of the third generation; colleague of R. Naḥman bar Jacob, with whom he had frequent arguments concerning...
Sheshet Benveniste JE ...
Shetadlan JE Representative of the Jewish community in Germany during the Middle Ages, and in Russia almost to the present day. When the...
SheṬar JE For the conditions under which these were drawn up in ancient times see Deed. In medieval times the same principles were carried...
Shib'ah JE ...
Shibboleth JE Word occurring in different passages of the Bible, sometimes in the singular form, sometimes in the plural, , and once in...
Shield JE Like most peoples of antiquity, the Israelites used two kinds of shields—a large one which covered the whole body and...
Shield Of David JE ...
Shiggayon JE Term used as the superscription of Ps. vii. 1, and, in the form , of Hab. iii. 1, although the Septuagint evidently reads...
Shila Of Kefar Tamarta JE Palestinian amora of the third century. In Palestinian sources he is called only by his personal name, but in the Babylonian...
Shiloah JE Locality mentioned in the Old Testament as "the waters of Shiloah" (Isa. viii. 6) and "the pool of Siloah" (Neh. iii. 15)...
Shiloh JE City of Ephraim, where were placed, after the settlement in Palestine, the Ark and the sanctuary of Yhwh at which the family...
Shimei JE Benjamite of Bahurim, son of Gera, "a man of the family of the house of Saul" (II Sam. xvi. 5-14, xix. 16-23; I Kings ii....
Shin JE Twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Its name appears to be connected with "shen" = "tooth" (see Alphabet). The sign...
Shinar JE Name for Babylonia occurring eight times in the Old Testament. In Gen. x. 10 the beginning of Nimrod's kingdom is said...
Shinnuy Ha-shem JE The custom of changing a person's name, as a tribute to his achievements, or as a sign that his condition will be improved...
Ship, Ship-builder, And Shipping JE ...
Shir Ha-shirim (canticles) Rabbah JE Haggadic midrash on Canticles, quoted by Rashi under the title "Midrash Shir ha-Shirim" (commentary on Cant. iv. 1, viii....
Shir Ha-shirim (canticles) ZuṬa JE Midrash, or, rather, homiletic commentary, on Canticles; referred to in the various Yalḳuṭim and by the ancient...
Shirah Hadashah JE A passage which illustrates the influence of the Midrash on the development of synagogal music. The Biblical prescription...
Perek (pirke) Shirah JE Chapter of song and praise to God by heavenly and earthly bodies, and by plants and dumb creatures. It is composed of Scriptural...
Shiraz JE City of Persia; capital of the province of Fars. It was founded by Mohammed, brother of Al-Ḥajjaj, in the year 74 of...
Shishak (sheshonk I) JE The first king of the twenty-second dynasty of Egypt. His grandfather, Sheshonḳ, descendant of a Libyan soldier, married...
Saul B Judah LÖb Shiskes JE Polish rabbinical scholar; died in Wilna, at an advanced age, March 28, 1797. He is chiefly known as the author of "Shebil...
Shittah-tree JE ...
Shittim JE Valley north of the Dead Sea on the left bank of the Jordan, in which the children of Israel, before their entry into the...
Shittim-wood JE ...
Shi'ur Komah JE Esoteric work on the dimensions of the body of God and of His several members. It exists apparently only in fragments, the...
Shklov JE Town in the government of Moghilef, Russia; situated on the right bank of the Dnieper. Jews settled there at an early period...
Isaac Vladimirovich Shklovski JE Russian journalist; born at Yelisavetgrad in 1865. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native town, and at the age of...
Shkud JE Russian town in the government of Kovno, situated at the confluence of the rivers Bortava and Liwba. The earliest written...
Shneor Zalman Ben Baruch JE Leader of the rational Ḥasidim called "ḤaBaD" (acrostic formed from "Ḥokmah," "Binah," "De'ah" = "Wisdom...
Shobach JE Captain of the army of Hadarezer, King of Aram, who was defeated and slain by David at Helam (II Sam. x. 16-18). According...
Shoe JE For the greater part, among the ancient Hebrews, the shoe consisted merely of a sole of leather or, less often, of wood, supported...
Shofar JE The ancient ritual horn of Israel, representing, next to the 'Ugab or reeds, the oldest surviving form of wind-instrument...
The Shofar JE ...
ShofeṬ JE ...
ShofeṬ Kol Ha-areẒ JE Important Pizmon of six verses, each ending with a phrase from Num. xxviii. 23. Being signed with the acrostic "Shelomoh,"...
Shoham JE ...
ShoheṬ JE The Talmudic regulations for slaughtering remained unchanged until the sixteenth century. Then, however, Joseph Caro in the...
Shomer Ẓiyyon Ha-ne'eman JE ...
Shomron Kol Titten JE Dramatic elegy by Solomon ibn Gabirol, sung at the conclusion of the order of Ḳinot according to the Polish ritual,...
Shophach JE ...
Showbread JE Twelve cakes, with two-tenths of an ephah in each, and baked of fine flour, which were ranged in two rows (or piles) on the...
Samuel Edward Shrimski JE New Zealand politician; born at Posen, Prussia, 1828; died at Auckland, New Zealand, June 25, 1902. In 1847 he went to London...
Shroud JE Robe in which the dead are arrayed for burial. The shroud is made of white linen cloth ("sadin," the σιν&#948...
Shulamite JE Principal character in the Song of Songs (A. V. Song of Solomon), although mentioned there in one passage only (vii. 1 [A...
Shulhan 'aruk JE ...
Samuel Shullam JE Jewish physician and historian; flourished in the second half of the sixteenth century. He was of Spanish descent, and after...
Naphtali Herz Shulman JE Russian Hebrew author; born at Stary Bychow; died at Amsterdam about 1830. He edited Mussafia's "Zeker Rab" (Shklov, 1797)...
Abraham Shuman JE American merchant and philanthropist; born in Prussia May 31, 1839. While still a child he accompanied his parents to the...
Shumla JE City of Bulgaria. According to local tradition there was not a Jew at Shumla until about 1780; but in that year a pasha of...
Shelomo Salem Shurrabi JE Ḥakam of the Beni-Israel community of Bombay; born at Cochin at the end of the eighteenth century; died at Bombay April...
Shushan JE Ancient capital of Susiana or Elam, and the winter residence of the kings of Persia; situated between the Choaspes (modern...
Shushan (susa) Purim JE Name given to the day which follows Purim—i.e., to the 15th of Adar, on which day, according to the Book of Esther (ix...
Judah LÖb Shusslowitz JE Russian scholar; lived at Shklov in the nineteenth century. He was the author of "Oẓar ha-Shemot," a concordance of...
Shylock JE Character in Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice." Shylock is represented as making a wager with Antonio, a merchant...
Leon Judah Aryeh (nasr Al Din) Si'a (v11p317001jpg) JE Physician in Constantinople, and a friend of Jewish science; lived before 1633. He translated Judah ha-Levi's "Cuzari"...
Sibbechai JE Captain under David who came from the town of Shushan, near Ephrath-Bethlehem. He distinguished himself by overcoming a Philistine...
Siberia JE Russian territory in northern Asia, extending from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and from the Arctic Sea to the...
Siblonot JE Talmudic term for gifts presented to a bride by the bridegroom or by the parents. According to some authorities, the word...
Sibyl JE Woman who prophesied, while in a state of frenzy, under the supposed inspiration of a deity. In the Jewish sense of persons...
Sicarii JE Term applied, in the decades immediately preceding the destruction of Jerusalem, to the jewish Zealots who attempted to expel...
Jules Sichel JE French oculist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main 1802; died at Paris Nov. 14, 1868. He studied medicine at Berlin (M. D. 1825)...
Nathaneel Sichel JE German painter; born at Mayence Jan. 8, 1843. He studied in Munich at the Royal Academy of Art (1859-62) under Julius Schrader...
Sicily JE Large island in the Mediterranean Sea, southwest of Italy, to which it belongs and from which it is separated by the Strait...
Visiting The Sick JE To visit the sick in order to show them sympathy, cheer them, and aid and relieve them in their suffering is declared by the...
Sidi Sid JE Common family name among Eastern Jews, borne by several rabbinical authors. Abraham Moses Sid: Servian rabbinical author...
Vale Of Siddim JE The etymology of "Siddim" is uncertain (see G. A. Smith, "Historical Geog. of the Holy Land," p. 503), though Targ. On&#7731...
Siddur JE ...
Sidon JE ...
Simon Sidon JE Hungarian rabbi and author; born at Nadas Jan. 23, 1815; died at Tyrnau Dec. 18, 1891. His father came from Kanitz in Moravia...
Sidra JE Term, the original meaning of which is "order" or "arrangement," frequently used in both Talmuds to denote a section of the...
Isaac Ben David Siebenberger JE Russian Hebraist; died at Warsaw April 2, 1879. He occupied himself especially with apocryphal literature, his translations...
Henry Siegel JE American merchant; born at Eubigheim, Germany, March 17, 1852. At the age of fifteen he emigrated to the United States and...
Karl Siegfried JE German Protestant theologian; born at Magdeburg Jan. 22, 1830; died at Jena Jan. 9, 1903. In 1875 he became professor of theology...
Gottlieb Siesby JE Danish poet and editor; born in Copenhagen May 4, 1803; died there Nov. 28, 1884; brother of Oskar Siesby. His first publication...
Oskar Siesby JE Danish philologist; born in Ebeltoft, Jutland, July 19, 1833; brother of Gottlieb Siesby. He graduated from the University...
Sifra JE Halakic midrash to Leviticus. It is frequently quoted in the Talmud, and the study of it followed that of the Mishnah, as...
Sifre JE Midrash to Numbers and Deuteronomy (for the title "Sifre debe Rab" see R. Hananeel on Sheb. 37b, Alfasi on Pes. x., and Rashi...
Sifre ZuṬa JE A peculiar midrash to Numbers, of especial interest for the study of the Halakah. Its authenticity is wrongly questioned by...
Sifroni B Israel JE ...
Sifte Yeshenim JE ...
Sigmaringen JE ...
Sign JE ...
Signature JE Usually a writer inscribes his name at the end of a writing as a certification of authorship or as an indication that he accepts...
Sihin JE Large and populous city in the territory of the tribe of Zebulon, near Sepphoris. After the destruction of Jerusalem it lost...
Sihon JE Amoritic king of the east-Jordan country, whose kingdom extended from the Arnon in the south to the Jabbok in the north, and...
Silas JE A Jew who made himself tyrant of Lysias, a district of the Lebanon. Pompey subjugated him, together with other petty rulers...
Eliezer Lipman Silberman JE German rabbi and Hebrew journalist; born in Königsberg, Prussia, Sept. 7, 1819; died in Lyck, Prussia, March 15, 1882...
Adolf Silberstein (ÖtvÖs) JE Hungarian art critic and writer; born at Budapest July 1, 1845; died there Jan. 12, 1899. After graduating from the gymnasium...
Michael Silberstein JE German rabbi; born at Witzenhausen, Hesse-Nassau, Nov. 21, 1834; educated in his native town, in Hanover, at the Jewish Theological...
Solomon Silberstein JE American philosophical writer; born at Kovno, Russia, March 10, 1845. Educated privately, he received the rabbinical diploma...
Silesia JE Province of Prussia, formerly of Austria. Unreliable accounts date the first settlement of Jews in Silesia as early as the...
Siloam Inscription JE The inscription on the Siloam conduit; the earliest long ancient Hebrew inscription that has been found at Jerusalem&#8212...
Antonio JosÉ Da Silva JE Portuguese poet; born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, May 8, 1705; died at the stake in Lisbon Oct. 19, 1739; son of Jaão...
Francisco Maldonado De Silva JE Peruvian physician, controversial writer, and martyr; born in San Miguel, province of Tucuman, Peru, about 1592; burned at...
Hezekiah Silva JE Jewish author; born at Leghorn in 1659; died at Jerusalem in 1698; son-in-law of the dayyan Mordecai Befael Malachi. About...
JoÃo Mendes Da Silva JE Brazilian poet and attorney; born in Rio de Janeiro 1656; died at Lisbon Jan. 9, 1736. He took his degree in law at the University...
Lucius Flavius Silva JE Governor of Judea in 73; consul in 81. He accomplished the difficult task of taking the fortress of Masada from the Sicarii...
Samuel Da Silva JE Physician of Portuguese birth who lived in Amsterdam in the beginning of the seventeenth century. He is known especially through...
Silver JE ...
Joseph Silverman JE American rabbi; born at Cincinnati, Ohio, Aug. 25, 1860. Educated at the high school, the university (A.B. 1883), and the...
Silversmith JE ...
Abraham (diego) Gomes Silveyra (silveira) JE Poet and preacher; long resident in various French and Dutch towns, finally settling at Amsterdam. He was a member of the...
Miguel De Silveyra JE Spanish poet; born in Celorico, Portugal, in the last third of the sixteenth century; died at Naples in 1638. He studied philosophy...
Sima (sama) JE Babylonian amora of the latter half of the fourth and of the beginning of the fifth century; son of Rab Ashi. He is known...
Samuel Simchowitz JE Russian rabbinical writer; born in the beginning of the nineteenth century; died at Slutzk March, 1896. He possessed a thorough...
Simeon JE Second son of Jacob by Leah, and progenitor of one of the tribes of Israel; born at Padan-aram. In Gen. xxix. 33 the origin...
Tribe Of Simeon JE This tribe traces its descent from Simeon, second son of Jacob by Leah. He was the brother of Levi and Dinah, according to...
Simeon JE Tanna of the first generation; brother of Azariah and uncle of Eleazar ben Azariah. He is mentioned only once in the Mishnah...
Simeon I JE Son of Hillel and father of Gamaliel I. Nothing is known of him except his name and the fact that he was the successor of...
Simeon Ii (ben Gamaliel I) JE President of the Great Sanhedrin at Jerusalem in the last two decades before the destruction of the Temple. Not merely a scholar...
Simeon (ben Gamaliel Ii) JE Tanna of the third generation, and president of the Great Sanhedrin. Simeon was a youth in Bethar when the Bar Kokba war broke...
Simeon B Abba JE Palestinian amora of the third generation; pupil of Ḥanina b. Ḥama, who esteemed him highly, and of Johanan, who...
Simeon B Absalom JE Amora the period of whose activity is not known. Only two haggadic sentences by him have been preserved. One, on Judges iv...
Simeon B 'akashyah JE Tanna of the second generation. Only one of his haggadic sentences has been preserved, namely, that explaining Job xii. 12...
Akiba Baer Simeon JE ...
Simeon B Boethus JE The first high priest of the family of Boethus in the Temple of Jerusalem. He was a native of Alexandria. He owed his appointment...
Simeon Ha-darshan JE ...
Simeon B Eleazar JE Tanna of the fourth generation; probably a son of R. Eleazar b. Shammua'. He was a pupil of R. Meïr, whose sentences...
Simeon B Ezron JE One of the principals in the war of the Jews against the Romans in the year 66 of the common era, and a partizan of the leader...
Simeon Bar Giora JE ...
Simeon B Halafta JE One of the teachers of the transition period between the Tannaim and the Amoraim. He was a friend of Ḥiyya, and is mentioned...
Simeon He-hasid JE Tanna; period of activity unknown. He is not mentioned in the Mishnah; and only one haggadic sentence of his has been preserved...
Simeon B Isaac B Abun JE Prominent expounder of the Law and one of the most important liturgical writers of the tenth and eleventh centuries. He was...
Simeon B Jakim JE Palestinian amora of the third generation: pupil of R. Johanan, to whom he often addressed scholarly questions (Yer. &#39...
Simeon B Jehozadak JE Palestinian amora of the first generation; probably the teacher of Johanan, who has transmitted several halakic sayings of...
Simeon B Jose B Lekonya JE Tanna of the fourth generation; contemporary of R. Judah ha-Nasi I. He was the brother-in-law of Eleazar b. Simeon, whose...
Simeon Ben Joseph Of Lunel JE Talmudist of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. His Provençal name was En Duran. He was a native of Perpignan,...
Simeon B Judah JE Tanna of the fourth generation; a native of Kefar 'Ikos (comp. on this name H. Hildesheimer, "Beiträge zur Geographie...
Simeon B Judah LÖb Peiser JE ...
Simeon Ben Judah Ha-nasi I JE One of the teachers during the transition period between the Tannaim and the Amoraim. He was the younger son of Judah, and...
Simeon The Just JE High priest. He is identical either with Simeon I. (310-291 or 300-270 B.C.), son of Onias I., and grandson of Jaddua, or...
Simeon Kahira JE ...
Simeon Bar Kappara JE ...
Simeon Kara JE ...
Simeon Of KiṬron JE Tanna of whom only one haggadic saying has been preserved. This is to the effect that it was on account of the bones of Joseph...
Simeon B Lakish JE One of the two most prominent Palestinian amoraim of the second generation (the other being his brother-in-law and halakic...
Simeon B Menasya JE Tanna of the fourth generation, and contemporary of R. Judah ha-Nasi I., with whom he engaged in a halakic discussion (Be&#7827...
Simeon Of Mizpah JE Tanna of the first generation; contemporary of R. Gamaliel I., together with whom he went to the bet din in the hall of hewn...
Simeon Ben Nanos JE Tanna of the second generation; contemporary of R. Ishmael and R. Akiba, with whom he often engaged in halakic discussions...
Simeon B Nethaneel JE Tanna of the first generation; pupil of R. Johanan b. Zakkai (Ab. ii. 8), and son-in-law of R. Gamaliel I. (Tosef., 'Ab...
Simeon Ha-pakoli JE Tanna of the second generation; contemporary of R. Gamaliel II. at Jabneh. He arranged the eighteen benedictions of the daily...
Simeon B Pazzi JE Palestinian amora of the third generation. In Palestine he was called merely "Simon," this being the Greek form of his Hebrew...
Simeon The Pious JE ...
Simeon Ben Samuel JE Philosopher and cabalist of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries; of French or German birth. He was the author of a work...
Simeon Ben Samuel Of Joinville JE French tosafist and Biblical commentator of the thirteenth century. He is once referred to, erroneously, as Samson b. Samuel...
Simeon Ben Ha-segan JE Tanna of the second generation. Some halakic sayings of his have been preserved in the Mishnah, all of which have been transmitted...
Simeon Ben SheṬah JE Teacher of the Law and president of the Sanhedrin during the reigns of Alexander Jannæus and his successor, Queen Alexandra...
Simeon Shezuri JE Tanna of the second generation and pupil of R. Ṭarfon (Men. 31a; Tosef., Demai, v. 22). He was called "Shezuri" after...
Simeon Of Shikmona JE Tanna of the second generation and pupil of Akiba. He was anative of Shiḳmona, a locality in the vicinity of Mt. Carmel...
Simeon B Ṭarfon JE Tanna of the second generation. Four exegetic sentences by him have been preserved: (1) "Ex. xxii. 11, 'Then shall an...
Simeon Of Teman JE Tanna of the second generation. He disputed with R. Akiba on a halakic sentence deduced from Ex. xxi. 18 (Tosef., Sanh. xii...
Simeon B Yannai JE Palestinian amora of the third century. He transmits a halakic saying of his father's which he had received from his sister...
Simeon Ben Yohai JE Tanna of the second century; supposed author of the Zohar; born in Galilee; died, according to tradition, at Meron, on the...
Simeon B Zabdai (zebid) JE Palestinian amora of the third century; teacher of the son of Assi (Yer. Shab. 9a). A few of his interpretations of Scriptural...
Simeon B Ẓemah Duran JE ...
Simeonites JE ...
Simferopol JE Capital of the government of Taurida, Russia, a city on the Salghir river, near Sebastopol. In the beginning of the nineteenth...
Simhah (freudemann) Ephraim Ben Gershon Ben Simeon Ben Isaiah Ha-kohen JE Rabbi in Belgrade; born about 1622; died 1669. He succeeded his teacher Judah Lerma as rabbi at Belgrade, and wrote a preface...
Simhah B Gershom Ha-kohen Port Rapa JE ...
Simhah B Isaac B Kalonymus Ha-kohen JE One of the Worms Jews who were killed by the pilgrims of the First Crusade on May 25, 1096. When his father, Mar Isaac, and...
Isaac Ben Moses Simhah JE ...
Simhah Of Rome JE Scholar and rabbi of the Roman community in the last quarter of the thirteenth century. He was given an open letter by the...
Simhah B Samuel Of Speyer JE German tosafist of the thirteenth century. Neither the year of his birth nor that of his death is known. He took part in the...
Simhah B Samuel Of Vitry JE French Talmudist of the eleventh and twelfth centuries; died in 1105. He was a pupil of Rashi and the compiler of the Vitry...
Simhat Torah JE Name given to the second day of Shemini 'Aẓeret; it falls on the 23d of Tishri and closes the Feast of Sukkot. The...
Simmlein Of Halberstadt JE German Talmudist; rabbi at Halberstadt from 1620 to 1650. The period of his activity was practically coextensive with that...
Laurence Mark Simmons JE English rabbi; born in London 1852; died at Manchester April 5, 1900. He was educated at the City of London School, proceeding...
Simon (simhah) Calimani JE ...
Simon Cephas JE The first of the Twelve Apostles; the chief disciple of Jesus and head of the early Church. His life became at an early stage...
Gustav Simon JE German surgeon; born at Darmstadt May 30, 1824; died at Heidelberg Aug. 28, 1876. He studied at Heidelberg and Giessen (M...
Jean Henri Simon JE Belgian engraver and soldier; born at Brussels Oct. 28, 1752; died there March 12, 1834. He was a son of the engraver Jacob...
Sir John Simon JE English sergeant at law and politician; born in Jamaica Dec. 9, 1818; died in London June 24, 1897. He was descended on the...
Joseph Simon JE American lawyer and politician; born at Bechtheim, Hesse, Feb. 7, 1851. He accompanied his parents to Portland, Ore., in 1857...
Joseph Simon JE Chief of the bureau of the Progressive communities of Hungary, and reporter on Jewish affairs in the Hungarian Ministry of...
Simon The Just JE ...
Simon Maccabeus JE Hasmonean prince and high priest; died 135 B.C.; second son of Mattathias. In I Macc. ii. 3 he is called Thassi; in Josephus...
Simon Magus JE A personage frequently mentioned in the history of primitive Christianity. According to Acts viii. 9-23, he was greatly fearedthroughout...
Moritz Alexander Simon JE German banker and philanthropist; born at Hanover Nov. 27, 1837; died there 1905. Educated at his native town, he became associated...
Oskar Simon JE German dermatologist; born at Berlin Jan. 2, 1845; died at Breslau March 2, 1882. Educated in his native city (M.D. 1868)...
Lady Rachel Simon JE English authoress; born in London Aug. 1, 1823; died there July 7, 1899; daughter of Simeon K. Salaman and Alice Cowen. She...
Richard Simon JE French scholar and Orientalist; born at Dieppe May 13, 1638; died there April 21, 1721. After studying at the Sorbonne he...
Simoncino) Of Trent Simon (simedl JE Child victim of an alleged ritual murder by the Jews of Trent. He was the son of Andreas Unverdosben, a cobbler, or tanner...
Simonias JE A city in Galilee, about two hours southwest of Sepphoris. In the Talmud (Yer. Meg. 70a) it is identified with the Shimron...
David Simons JE Dutch jurist; born at The Hague Nov. 3, 1860. He studied law at the University of Leyden (J.U.D. 1883), and then established...
David Jacob Simonsen JE Danish rabbi and author; born in Copenhagen March 17, 1853. He studied at the Von Westenske Institut in his native city, at...
Joseph Levin Simonsen JE Danish jurist; born in Copenhagen Dec. 26, 1814; died there June 21, 1886. He was graduated from the University of Copenhagen...
Sigmund Simonyi JE Hungarian linguist; born at Veszprim Jan. 1, 1853; studied at Esztergom, Budapest, Leipsic, Berlin, and Paris; he has embraced...
Simson JE ...
Martin Eduard Von Simson JE German jurist and statesman; born Nov. 10, 1810, at Königsberg, East Prussia; died at Berlin May 22, 1899. Educated at...
Simuna (semona) JE Sabora of the second generation (Halevy, "Dorot ha-Rishonim," iii. 26); principal of the Academy of Pumbedita (520-540) while...
Sin JE Under the Jewish theocracy, wilful disregard of the positive, or wilful infraction of the negative, commands of God as proclaimed...
Sin JE Egyptian city mentioned in Ezek. xxx. 15 et seq.; probably the ancient frontier fortress of Pelusium (so cited in Jerome)...
Sin JE ...
Sin-offering JE The sin-offering proper is a sacrifice consisting of either a beast or a fowl and offered on the altar to atone for a sin...
Sinai JE ...
Mount Sinai JE Mountain situated in the desert of Sinai, famous for its connection with the promulgation of the Law by God through Moses...
Sinaitic Commandments JE Halakot designated in the Mishnah and the Talmudim as "halakot le-Mosheh mi-Sinai," i.e., as having been transmitted from...
Sindabar JE ...
Sindbad JE Collection of tales on the wiles of women, the enveloping action of which deals with the attempt of a step-mother on the life...
Singapore JE Capital and seaport of the British dependency of Singapore. Jews commenced to settle in Singapore in 1840. For a number of...
Edmund Singer JE Hungarian violinist; born at Totis, Hungary, Oct. 14, 1831; pupil successively of Ellinger, Ridley Kohne, and Joseph B&#246...
Isidor Singer JE Austrian economist; born in Budapest Jan. 16, 1857; removed to Vienna with his parents in 1861. He studied mathematics and...
Isidore Singer JE Austrian author and editor, and originator of The Jewish Encyclopedia; born in Weisskirchen, Moravia, Nov. 10, 1859; educated...
Josef Singer JE Austrian cantor; born in Galicia Oct. 15, 1842. His father, an itinerant ḥazzan, destined him for a theatrical career...
Maximilian Singer JE Austrian botanist, zoologist, and author; born at Leipnik Feb. 6, 1857 (Ph.D. Vienna, 1883). He made a specialty of botany...
Paul Singer JE German Social Democrat and deputy; born in Berlin Jan. 16, 1844. After having attended the real-school of his native city...
Samuel Singer JE Philologist; born in Vienna July 12, 1860; educated at the gymnasium and university of his native city (LL.D. 1884; Ph.D....
Simeon Singer JE English rabbi; born in London 1848. He was educated at Jews' College, received his rabbinical diploma in 1890, and has...
Singer And Bass JE ...
Sinigaglia JE Italian family from Sinigaglia; later settled in Scandiano, where Solomon Jedidiah Sinigaglia ("Bet Talmud," iii. 205) was...
Sinim JE ...
Joseph David Sinzheim JE First rabbi of Strasburg; born in 1745; died at Paris Feb. 11, 1812; son of R. Isaac Sinzheim of Treves and brother-in-law...
Sippai JE Philistine giant, one of the sons of Rapha (A. V. "the giant"); slain at Gezer by Sibbechai the Hushathite, one of David&#39...
Hasidic Sippurim (ma'asiyyot) JE Stories, legends, or tales related by, or of, the Ḥasidic "rebbes" (rabbis)—the "ẓaddiḳim," or "&#7731...
The Wisdom Of Jesus The Son Of Sirach JE Among the books of the Greek Bible is one entitled Σοφία Ἰησοῦ ϒ&#7985...
Pseudo- Sirach JE ...
Solomon Sirillo JE Spanish Talmudist of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He was one of the exiles of 1492, and settled at Safed, where...
Joel B Samuel Sirkes JE Polish rabbi; born at Lublin in 1561; died at Cracow, 1640. At the age of fourteen he was sent to the yeshibah of Solomon...
Sisera JE General of the army of King Jabin of Hazor. According to Judges iv. 9 et seq., he invaded the northern part of Judea in the...
Sisterhoods Of Personal Service JE Associations of female charity-workers who devote time to the care of the needy and the distressed. A sermon delivered by...
Siwan JE Third ecclesiastical and ninth civil month. It has thirty days, and coincides, approximately, with the Roman month of June...
Sixtus Senensis JE Italian convert to Christianity and anti-Talmudic agitator; born at Sienna (whence his name) in 1520; died in 1569. After...
Siyyum JE The formal ceremonial act of completing the writing of a scroll of the Law, or the formal conclusion of the study of a division...
Skeptic JE In a specific sense, one who remains in a state of doubt, declaring all positive truth, religiousor philosophical, to be unattainable...
Lazar Skreinka JE Hungarian scholar; lived in the middle of the nineteenth century. He devoted himself to teaching and became the principal...
Damianus Skuteczky JE Hungarian genre and portrait painter; born at Kis-Györ Feb. 9, 1850. After he had studied at the Kunstakademie under...
Slander JE The Hebrew terms "'alilot debarim" (occasions of speech) and "moẓi' shem ra'" occur in connection with the...
Slave-trade JE Trading in slaves was permitted by all ancient and medieval legislations; even Christian Europe allowed it down to the thirteenth...
Slaves And Slavery JE The Hebrew word "'ebed" really means "slave"; but the English Bible renders it "servant" (a) where the word is used figuratively...
Charles Sloman JE English composer, and singer of comic songs; born about 1808; died in London July 21, 1870. He composed "Sacred Strains and...
Henry Sloman JE English actor; born in Rochester, England, 1793; died there Aug., 1873. He was a favorite comedian during Glossop's management...
Benjamin Aaron B Abraham Slonik JE Polish Talmudist; born about 1550; died after 1619. His signature appears invariably as "Benjamin Aaron ben Abraham ," the...
Slonim JE District town in the government of Grodno, Russia; it became part of Lithuania in 1316. Jews probably lived in Slonim under...
Hayyim Selig Slonimski JE Russian author, scientist, and inventor; born in Byelostok March 31, 1810; died in Warsaw May 15, 1904. Slonimski was the...
Leonid Zinovyevich Slonimski JE Russian publicist; born in 1852; son of Ḥayyim Selig Slonimski. At the age of twenty he began contributing sociological...
David Solomon Slouschz JE Russian rabbi and preacher; born at Odessa Sept. 11, 1852. Having received an elementary education in his native town, Slouschz...
Nahum Slouschz JE Russian Hebrew litterateur; born at Odessa Nov., 1872. He was educated at the common school of his native city, and, in rabbinics...
David Slucki JE Hebrew scholar of Warsaw; died there between 1870 and 1880. Besides his edition of David Franco Mendes' "Gemul 'Atalyah"...
Small And Large Letters JE There are about 100 abnormal letters in the Masoretic text of the Bible—many of them in the Pentateuch—which were...
Smol Von Derenburch (samuel Of Derenburg) JE Court banker to the archbishops of Magdeburg in the fourteenth century; died after Oct. 5, 1382. In some of his financial...
Smolensk JE Capital of the government of Smolensk, Russia; situated on the Dnieper, 250 miles west-southwest of Moscow. Jews resided there...
Peter (perez) Ben Moses) Smolenskin JE Russian writer; born at Monastyrshchina, government of Moghilef, Feb. 25, 1842; died at Meran, Austria, Feb. 1, 1885. At the...
Smyrna JE Seaport of Asia Minor, in the Turkish vilayet of Aidin. The city had a Jewish population as early as the time of the martyrdom...
Snail JE Rendering given in the English versions for "shabbelul," which occurs only in Ps. lviii. 9 (A. V. 8). An equivalent rendering...
Sneezing JE ...
Isaac Snowman JE English artist; born in London 1874; educated at the City of London School. In 1890 he entered the Royal Academy School, where...
Moses Soave JE Italian Hebraist; born in Venice March 28, 1820; died there Nov. 27, 1882. He supported himself as a private tutor in Venetian...
Joseph Friedrich Sobernheim JE German physician and author of medical works; born at Königsberg in 1803; died at Berlin Jan. 30, 1846. He published...
John Sobieski JE ...
Soborten JE Town in Bohemia, whose community is probably one of the oldest in the province. The community of Soborten includes parts of...
Sobotniki JE A Russian rationalistic organization. See Subbotniki and Judaizing Heresy. #Socialism JE Theory of civil polity which advocates public collective ownership, production, and distribution. Jews have been prominently...
SociÉtÉ Des Études Juives JE Society for the study of Jewish history and literature, and especially of the history and literature of the Jews of France...
Learned Societies JE Nearly every Jewish community possessed, or still possesses, various societies aiming to propagate Jewish learning. There...
Society Of American Cantors JE Founded by Alois Kaiser in Baltimore, Md., May 14, 1895. Its object is the elevation of the cantor's profession, the furtherance...
Society For The Promotion Of Culture Among The Jews Of Russia JE Society founded at St. Petersburg in Dec., 1863, by some of the most prominent Russian Jews, e.g., Joseph Yozel Günzburg...
Sodom JE First city of Pentapolis, the others being Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Zoar, all situated in the vale of Siddim (Gen. xiv...
Samuel Abravanel Soeira JE Son of Manasseh ben Israel (Abravanel Soeira being the maiden name of Manasseh's wife); born in Amsterdam 1625; died in...
Soest JE City in the province of Westphalia, Prussia. As early as the middle of the thirteenth century Jews of Soest are mentioned...
Sof Pasuk JE ...
Sofer JE ...
Abraham Sofer JE ...
Hayyim Ben Mordecai Ephraim Fischl Sofer JE Hungarian rabbi; born at Presburg Sept. 29, 1821; died at Pesth June 28, 1886. He studied at Presburg and at Ungvar, where...
Soferim JE Talmudic treatise dealing especially with the rules relating to the preparation of the holy books, as well as with the regulations...
Sofia JE Capital of Bulgaria, 350 miles from Constantinople. The city had Jewish inhabitants before the ninth century; and this community...
Nahum B Joseph Samuel Sokolow JE Russian journalist; born in Wishograd, government of Plock, Russian Poland, Jan. 10, 1859. His father, a descendant of Nathan...
De Sola JE Sephardic family. According to family tradition, its earliest known members lived in Toledo and Navarre in the eighth and...
Emile-arthur Soldi JE French engraver, sculptor, and writer on art; born at Paris May 27, 1846; son of David Soldi, a professor of modern languages...
Solis JE Spanish and Portuguese family of crypto-Jews, some of whom were inquisitors, while others were victims of the Inquisition...
Solis Cohen JE ...
Benjamin Aaron Solnik JE ...
Solomon JE Third king of all Israel; reigned from about 971 to 931 B.C ; second son of David and Bath-sheba (II Sam. xii. 23-25). He...
Seal Of Solomon JE The legend that Solomon possessed a seal ring on which the name of God was engraved and by means of which he controlled the...
Temple Of Solomon JE ...
Testament Of Solomon JE Pseudepigraphic treatise on the forms and activities of demons and the charms effective against them. Extracts from the work...
Solomon B Aaron Troki JE ...
Abraham Solomon JE English artist; born in London May, 1824; died at Biarritz in 1862. At the age of eighteen he was admitted as a student to...
Solomon B Abraham Adret JE ...
Solomon Ben Abraham Ibn Daud JE Physician and translator. According to Kaufmann and Gross, Solomon belonged to the family of the Spanish translator Abraham...
Solomon Ben Abraham Ben Jehiel JE Italian rabbi; flourished at Rome in the eleventh century; nephew of Nathan b. Jehiel, the author of the "'Aruk." About...
Solomon Ben Abraham Ha-kohen Of Seres (maharshak) JE Oriental Talmudist; lived at Salonica in the second half of the sixteenth century. His teacher was Joseph Firman. He was the...
Solomon Ben Abraham Ben Samuel JE French Talmudist of the first half of the thirteenth century. He was rabbi at Montpellier, and leader of the movement against...
Solomon Cohen Of Lissa JE ...
Edward Solomon JE English musician and composer; born in London 1856; died there Jan. 22, 1895. Solomon, who was largely a self-taught musician...
Edward S Solomon JE American soldier and jurist; born at Sleswick, Sleswick-Holstein, Dec. 25, 1836. On completing his education at the high school...
Solomon The Egyptian JE Physician in ordinary to the Byzantine emperor Emanuel Comnenus; lived at Constantinople in the second half of the twelfth...
Solomon Ben Eliezer Ha-levi JE Turkish Talmudist of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries; brother of Abraham b. Eliezer ha-Levi, who quotes him in his "Ma&#39...
Solomon Ben Elijah SharbiṬ Ha-zahab JE Oriental astronomer, poet, and grammarian; lived at Salonica and later at Ephesus, in the second half of the fourteenth century...
Solomon Ben Enoch Al-kusṬanṬini JE Spanish exegete of the first half of the fourteenth century. Grätz believes that Solomon belonged to the Al-Ḳus&#7789...
Solomon The Exilarch JE Eldest son of the exilarch Ḥasdai; ruled from 730 to 761. In consequence of a dearth of teachers, he found it necessary...
Henry Naphtali Solomon JE English Hebraist and educationist; born in London 1796; died there Nov. 12, 1881. He was a son of R. Moses Eliezer Solomon...
Solomon B Isaac (rashi) JE ...
Solomon Ben Isaac Of Orleans JE French tosafist of the twelfth century; elder colleague of the tosafist Joseph ben Isaac of Orleans, together with whom he...
Solomon Ben Jeroham JE Karaite exegete and controversialist; flourished at Jerusalem between 940 and 960. He was considered one of the greatest authorities...
Solomon Ben Joseph JE French liturgist of Avallon; lived apparently in the thirteenth century. He composed the following piyyuṭim: "Abbi&#39...
Solomon Ben Joseph Ibn Ayyub Of Granada JE Spanish physician; lived at Béziers in the middle of the thirteenth century. He translated into Hebrew from the Arabic...
Solomon B Joseph Ibn Shoshen JE ...
Solomon Ben Judah Ha-babli JE Liturgist of the tenth century. In spite of the epithet "ha-Babli," given him by Rashi (commentary on Ex. xxvi. 15; "Ha-Pardes...
Solomon Ben Judah Of ChÂteaulandon JE French Talmudist of the end of the thirteenth century. He carried on a learned discussion with Samson of Chinon and Eliezer...
Solomon Ben Judah Of Dreux JE French tosafist and Bible commentator of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was a disciple of Isaac ben Samuel the Elder...
Solomon B Judah LÖb Of Dessau JE German Hebraist and teacher; born about 1662; died after 1734. He was a teacher in Dessau, and is said by Fürst to be...
Solomon Ben Judah Of Lunel JE Provençal philosopher; born in 1411. His Provençalname was Solomon Vives. When he was only thirteen years of age...
Solomon Levi Of Burgos JE ...
Solomon And Marcolf JE Medieval tale, or romance, describing the adventures and conversations of Solomon and one Marcolf, or Marolf. The adventures...
Solomon Ben Mazzal Ṭob JE Turkish Hebrew poet and corrector for the press or, perhaps, printer; flourished at Constantinople in the first half of the...
Solomon Ben MeÏr JE French grammarian and Biblical commentator of the twelfth century, grandson of Rashi and brother of the great tosafists Isaac...
Solomon B Menahem JE ...
Michael Solomon JE British merchant and politician; born in England 1818; died in Jamaica May 5, 1892. He emigrated to Jamaica at the age of...
Solomon B Mordecai JE Polish rabbi; died 1609. He was a pupil of Solomon Luria and was rabbi of Meseritz and Ostrog, holding also some rabbinical...
Solomon Ben Moses Chelm JE Polish rabbi of the eighteenth century; born at Samoscz, government of Lublin; died at Salonica in 1778. He was successively...
Solomon Ben Moses Ben Jekuthiel De Rossi JE Writer, and composer of synagogal hymns; flourished in Rome during the thirteenth century; died after 1284 in the prime of...
Solomon Ben Moses Ben Joseph JE Italian liturgist of the thirteenth century; identified by some with Jehiel b. Jekuthiel Anaw, and by others with Solomon...
Solomon Ben Moses Of Melgueil JE French philosophical writer and translator of the thirteenth century. The supposition that Solomon was a native of Melgueil...
Myer Solomon JE Founder of the St. Alban's Place Synagogue, London; born in the last quarter of the eighteenth century; died Dec. 31,...
Solomon Nasi Ben Isaac Nasi Cayl JE Liturgical poet; lived at Marseilles about 1285. Cayl is a family name, derived from Caylus, a town in the department of Tarn-et-Garonne...
Solomon Ben Nathan Ashkenazi JE ...
Philip S Solomon JE Attorney-general of Fiji; born at Lee, Essex, England, Oct. 15, 1830; died in New South Wales March 24, 1895. Early in life...
Solomon De Sabalducchio JE Physician; flourished in Perugia, Italy, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Pope Boniface IX., shortly after his accession...
Solomon Salman B Moses JE ...
Solomon Ben Samson JE Scholar of Worms in the eleventh century; teacher and relative of Rashi, who refers to him as an authority beside his other...
Samuel Solomon JE English quack; born in 1780; died in London 1818. He flourished in Liverpool and was an original and somewhat eccentric character...
Solomon Shalem B Hayyim Jehiel Cohen JE Rabbi in the second half of the eighteenth century; died at Amsterdam 1781. He resided successively at Adrianople, Bologna...
Simeon Solomon JE English painter; born at Bristol 1834; died at London March 15, 1905; brother of Abraham Solomon. He early showed signs of...
Solomon Joseph Solomon JE English painter; born in London Sept. 16, 1860. He received his artistic training at Heatherly's, at the schools of the...
Solomon Of Tours JE French Talmudist; contemporary of Rashi, with whom he carried on a learned correspondence. Rashi addresses him as "My dear...
Solomon Urbino JE ...
Vabian L Solomon JE Premier of South Australia; born about 1849; son of Judah Moss Solomon. Early in life Solomon went to the Northern Territory...
Solomon De Vesoul JE Son of Manessier de Vesoul, who died in 1375 or 1378. By a decree of Charles V., the Wise, he was appointed clerk and tax-gatherer...
Solomon Ibn Ya'ish Ben Abraham JE Spanish scholar, physician, and (probably) Biblical commentator; died at Seville in May, 1345. According to a Spanish tumular...
Solomon Ibn Ẓakbel JE Spanish poet of the twelfth century; relative of Abu Omar Joseph ibn Sahl, who died in 1124. Solomon was the author of a satirical...
Solomon Zalman Ben Isaac JE Polish rabbi; died at Warsaw in 1838. After having filled the position of rabbi at Mashelsk and Praga, he was called to the...
Jacob B Solomon Ẓarfati JE ...
Abraham Solomonov JE Russian author; born in Minsk 1778; died in St. Petersburg. He was a prominent propagandist of the Haskalah movement among...
Adolphus Simeon Solomons JE American communal worker; born in New York city Oct. 26, 1826; son of John Solomons, a native of London who emigrated to the...
Levy Solomons JE One of the founders of the Canadian Jewish community; born early in the eighteenth century; died May 18, 1792. He settled...
Joseph Baer Soloveichik JE Russian Talmudist and rabbi; born at Nieswish, Russia, 1820; died May 1, 1892. At an early age he was sent to Volozhin, where...
Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyev JE Russian publicist and friend of the Jews; born 1853; died in 1900. In an article, "Rossiya i Yevropa," he opposed the attitude...
Esther Solymosi JE ...
Abdallah Abraham Joseph Somekh JE Rabbi of Bagdad; born in that city 1813; died there 1889. He was educated by Rabbis Jacob Joseph ha-Rofe and Moses &#7716...
Judah Sommo JE ...
Son JE ...
Son Of God JE Term applied to an angel or demigod, one of the mythological beings whose exploits are described in Gen. vi. 2-4, and whose...
Son Of Man JE The rendering for the Hebrew "ben adam," applied to mankind in general, as opposed to and distinct from non-human relationship...
Soncino JE Italian family of printers, deriving its name from the town of Soncino, in the duchy of Milan. It traces its descent through...
Song Of Moses JE Poem found in Deut. xxxii. 1-43. It is said that "Moses spake in the ears of all the assembly of Israel the words of this...
The Song Of Songs JE One of the Five Megillot. The Hebrew title, , is commonly understood to mean "the most excellent of songs, composed by Solomon"...
Midrashim To Song Of Songs JE ...
The Song Of The Three Holy Children JE Greek insertion in the Book of Daniel after iii. 23, the only one of the additions to Daniel that really add to the text of...
Leopold Sonnemann JE German journalist; born at Höchberg, Lower Franconia; Oct. 29, 1831. After having acquired considerable wealth as a merchant...
Sigismund Sonnenfeld JE Hungarian journalist; born at Vagujhely, Hungary, Oct. 1, 1847. He received his education in his native town, at the gymnasia...
Sonnenfels JE Austrian family of scholars and writers, descendants of Wurzbach Lipmann, members of which became prominent during the eighteenth...
Adolf Ritter von Sonnenthal JE Austrian actor; born at Budapest Dec. 21, 1834. He was the son of humble parents, and spent his boyhood as a tailor's...
Solomon H Sonneschein JE American rabbi; born at Szent Marton Turocz, Hungary, June 24, 1839. He received his education at Boskowitz, Moravia, where...
Sonnino, Sidney, Baron JE Italian politician; born at Alexandria, Egypt, in 1849. His father was a Jewish emigrant from Leghorn, and his mother an English...
Ugo Sorani JE Italian jurist and deputy; born at Pitigliano May 4, 1850. He studied law in his native town and in Mondavi, Leghorn, and...
Sosa (sossa, Sousa), De JE Envoy of King John III. of Portugal to the court of Pope Paul III. (1534-50). While he was at Rome the Maranos, seeking relief...
Gomez De Sosa JE ...
Martin Alfonso De Sosa JE Portuguese envoy at and governor of Goa, in the middle of the sixteenth century. In Cranganore, sixteen miles from Cochin...
Simon De Sosa JE One of the wealthiest Maranos in Portugal in the middle of the seventeenth century. He was one of the conspirators, led by...
Caius Sosius JE Roman general. Although Herod had been made king of Judea by the Romans, he was forced to wrest the country from the Hasmonean...
Joseph Judah LÖb Sossnitz JE Russian-American Talmudic scholar, mathematician, and scientific author; born at Birzhi, government of Kovno, Sept. 17, 1837...
SoṬah JE Treatise in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Babylonian and Palestinian Talmuds, devoted in the main to an exact definition of the...
Soul JE The Mosaic account of the creation of man speaks of a spirit or breath with which he was endowed by his Creator (Gen. ii....
Transmigration Of Souls JE ...
Sousa JE ...
South Africa JE Jewish concern with South Africa began, indirectly, some time before the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope, by the participation...
South Carolina JE One of the thirteen original states of the United States. Most of the events relating to Jews occurring in this state have...
South And Central America JE Certain portions of the American continent which were first colonized by the Spaniards and Portuguese, and which still remain...
Johann Peter (moses Germanus) Spaeth JE Convert to Judaism; born at Venice in the first half of the seventeenth century; died at Amsterdam April 27, 1701. On account...
Spain JE Jews lived in Spain in very early times, although the legend that Solomon's treasurer Adoniram died there, as well as...
Spalato (spalatro) JE Commercial port of Dalmatia, and a city of note since the days of the Roman empire. Its earliest Hebrew inhabitants were immigrants...
Meyer Spanier JE German educationist and writer; born at Wunstorf, Hanover, Nov. 1, 1864; studied philosophy and Germanic philology at Heidelberg...
Spanish Town JE ...
Sparrow JE Rendering given in the English versions (Ps. lxxxiv. 4 [A. V. 3], cii. 8 [A. V. 7]) for the word "ẓippor," which denotes...
Specific Performance JE Proceeding by which a court compels an obligor to carry out his contract rather than make him pay damages in money for the...
Mordecai Spector JE Russian Judæo-German writer; born at Uman, government of Kiev, May 5, 1859. His earlier education was in the Ḥasidic...
Johann Peter Speeth JE ...
Isaac Elhanan Spektor JE Russian rabbi and author; born at Rosh, government of Grodno, 1817; died at Kovno March 6, 1896. His father, Israel Issar...
Spell JE ...
Jacob Hirsch Sperling JE Austrian teacher of religion at the Jewish school and the German gymnasium in Lemberg, where he was born in 1837; died Dec...
Speyer JE Bishopric of Rhenish Bavaria. The first mention of a Jewish community in Speyer occurs during the episcopate of Bishop R&#252...
Speyer JE German family doubtless deriving its name from the German city of Speyer. Members of it had settled in Frankfort-on-the-Main...
Jacob Samuel Speyer JE Dutch philologist; born at Amsterdam Dec. 20, 1849. He studied at Amsterdam and at Leyden (Ph.D. 1872); and thereafter officiated...
Spices JE Aromatic vegetable substances used in preparing food or in compounding salves or perfumes.With the exception of salt, no condiments...
Max Spicker JE German musician; born at Königsberg, Prussia, Aug. 16, 1858. Educated at the Conservatorium, Leipsic, he in 1878 traveled...
Spider JE ...
Frederick S Spiegel JE American jurist; born at Hovestadt, Westphalia, Prussia, Nov. 20, 1858. He attended the gymnasium at Paderborn, Westphalia...
Sir Isidore Spielmann JE English engineer and communal worker; born in London July 21, 1854. He was trained as an engineer, but developed great interest...
Marion H Spielmann JE English author and art critic; born in London May 22, 1858; educated at University College School and University College,...
Alfonso De Spina (espina) JE One of the most inveterate enemies of the Jews and of Judaism—to which he never belonged, despite the assertions of...
Joel Elias Spingarn JE American educator; born in New York city May 17, 1875. He was graduated from Columbia University in 1895, and took postgraduate...
Spinnholz JE ...
Spinning JE Spinning and weaving are arts of extreme antiquity, dating back even to prehistoric times. The Egyptians were especially expert...
Baruch (benedict De Spinoza) Spinoza JE Dutch philospher and Biblical critic; born at Amsterdam Nov. 24, 1632; died at The Hague Feb. 21, 1677. The family name is...
Spira (spiro) JE Family of scholars and rabbis of Speyer, Rhenish Bavaria, with numerous branches in other parts of Germany, and in Bohemia...
Spirit JE ...
Conception Of Spirits JE ...
Joseph Moses Spiro JE Austrian rabbi and Talmudic author; born in Trietsch, Moravia, about 1770; died at Kanitz, Moravia, Aug. 3, 1830. He was educated...
Abraham (naphtali Hirsch) Ben Moses Ha-levi Spitz JE Moravian rabbi; born about 1628; died at Worms in 1712. In 1663 he was appointed rabbi of a Moravian congregation, and in...
Isaac (eizig) Spitz JE Ab det din in Bunzlau, Bohemia; born 1764; died in Bunzlau May 6, 1842. He wrote "Mat'amme Yiẓḥaḳ,"...
MeÏr B Johanan Spitz JE Rabbi of Oronie, Hungary, in the eighteenth century. He wrote "Katit la-Ma'or," halakic novellæ to some Talmudic...
Moritz Spitz JE American rabbi; born at Csaba, Hungary, Oct. 14, 1848. He was educated at the University of Prague, and received his rabbinical...
Yom-Ṭob Ben Isaac Spitz JE Teacher of Hebrew and German in the Jewish school of Prague during the first half of the nineteenth century. He was the author...
Ẓebi Hirsch Spitz JE German author and Talmudist of the eighteenth century. He wrote "Dibre Ḥakamim we-Ḥidotam" (Offenbach, 1802),...
Benjamin Solomon Spitzer JE Austrian rabbi and champion of Orthodoxy; died in Vienna, at an advanced age, Dec. 5, 1893. He was the son-in-law of R. Moses...
Friedrich (samuel) Spitzer JE French art collector and dealer; born in Presburg 1814; died in Paris 1890. He was the son of the official grave-digger of...
Samuel Spitzer JE Hungarian rabbi; born in 1839 at Keszthely, where his father was rabbi; died in 1896; a descendant of Yom-Ṭob Lipmann...
Sigmund Spitzer JE Austrian physician; born at Nikolsburg, Moravia, 1813; died at Vienna 1894. Two years after receiving his degree of doctor...
Simon Spitzer JE Austrian mathematician; born at Vienna Feb. 3, 1826; died there April 2, 1887. He studied mathematics at the University of...
Stacte JE ...
Stade JE City in the province of Hanover, Prussia. Its Jews are first mentioned in a charter granted them in 1349. In 1613 they received...
Bernhard Stade JE German Protestant Hebraist and historian of Israel; born in Arnstadt May 11, 1848. He became privat-docent in the University...
Joseph Stadthagen JE German rabbi, apologist, and author; died at Stadthagen Sept. 5, 1715; son of Samson of Metz, where his grandfather Joseph...
Staff JE Herodotus (i. 195) and Strabo (xvi. 746) assert that among the Babylonians every man carried a ring and a staff, which latter...
Friedrich Julius Stahl JE German jurist and publicist; born at Munich Jan. 16, 1802; died at Brückenau Aug. 10, 1861. In his eighteenth year he...
Wilhelm Stahl JE German economist; born at Munich June 2, 1812; died at Giessen March 19, 1873. While still very young he lost both parents...
Standard JE ...
Simon Judah Stanislavski JE Russian author and journalist; born at Nikopol, Yekaterinoslav, Russia, Dec. 18, 1850; son of Moses Stanislavski, a wealthy...
Joseph Stans Ibn Abitur JE ...
Star-worship JE This is perhaps the oldest form of idolatry practised by the ancients. According to Wisdom xiii. 2, the observation of the...
Starokonstantinov JE City in the government of Volhynia, Russia. Jews seem to have settled in this city soon after it was founded, for during the...
Statistics JE As referring to Jews, statistics deal mainly with populations, their ages and distribution, Migration, Morbidity, Mortality...
Stature JE Natural height of man. The stature of the Jews is a racial characteristic which has been thoroughly investigated in various...
Statutes JE ...
Hermann Staub JE German jurist; born at Nikolai, Upper Silesia, March 21, 1856. After having studied for some time at the gymnasium at Beuthen...
Daniel Stauber JE See Widal, A.
Joseph Abraham Steblicki (seblitzky) JE German convert to Judaism; son of a Catholic butcher; born at Nikolai, Upper Silesia, about 1726; died there May 16, 1807...
Alfred Steckler JE American jurist; born in New York city Dec. 18, 1856. He was educated in the public schools of New York city and at Columbia...
Steiger JE ...
Abraham Stein JE German rabbi; born at Wanfried, Prussia, Jan. 13, 1818; died at Prague Sept. 18, 1884; studied at the Teachers' Seminary...
Leopold Stein JE German rabbi; born in Burgpreppach Nov. 3, 1810; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main Dec. 2, 1882. After finishing his earlier education...
Ludwig Stein JE Hungarian philosopher; born at Erdö-Benye, Hungary, Nov. 12, 1859; educated at the gymnasia of Papa, Saros-Potak, and...
Marc Aurel Stein JE Hungarian Orientalist and archeologist; born at Budapest in 1862; educated at Vienna, Tübingen, Oxford, and London. In...
Philip Stein JE American jurist; born at Steele, Rhenish Prussia, March 12, 1844. He emigrated to the United States in 1854, and was educated...
Philipp Stein JE German author; born Dec. 3, 1853, at Königsberg. In 1864 his parents removed with him to Berlin. The death of his father...
Stein-am-anger JE Town in Hungary. Although now one of the largest and most important in the country, the Jewish community of Stein-am-Anger...
Emil Steinbach JE Austrian statesman; born at Vienna June 11, 1846. After graduating from the Vienna University (LL.D.) he established himself...
Josef Steinbach JE Austrian physician; born at Fünfkirchen, Hungary, Jan. 3, 1850. Educated at the gymnasium of his native town and at the...
Joshua Steinberg JE Russian writer and educator; born in Wilna 1839. He was graduated from the rabbinical school of his native city, and then...
Samuel Steinberg JE Hungarian historian; born at Güssing, Hungary, Dec. 16, 1857. He received his education at Gratz (Ph.D. 1882; LL.D. 1894)...
Georg Steindorff JE German Egyptologist; born at Dessau Nov. 12, 1861. He studied Oriental languages at Leipsic and Berlin, was appointed privat-docent...
Kilian von Steiner JE German financier; born at Laupheim in 1835; died at Stuttgart Sept. 24, 1903. At first attorney at law, he rose to the leadership...
Emanuel Steinfeld JE Australian statesman; born at Neisse, Silesia, in 1827; died at Melbourne May 6, 1893. He attended the College of Brieg, and...
Joseph B Menahem Mendel Steinhardt JE German rabbi; born about 1720; died at Fürth in 1776; lived in early manhood at Schwabach in Bavaria. His first incumbency...
Mendel Steinhardt JE German rabbi and scholar of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; held the rabbinate of Minden. When the consistory of...
Solomon Ludwig (levy) Steinheim JE German physician, poet, and philosopher; born Aug. 6, 1789, in Altona (according to some authorities, in Bruchhausen, Westphalia)...
Clara Steinitz JE German authoress; born at Kobylin April 16, 1852. She was educated at Halle-on-the-Saale, and in 1873 married Siegfried Heinrich...
Wilhelm Steinitz JE Chess champion of the world from 1866 to 1894; born at Prague, Bohemia, May 17, 1836; died, insane, on Wards Island, New York...
Moritz Steinschneider JE Austrian bibliographer and Orientalist; born at Prossnitz, Moravia, March 30, 1816. He received his early instruction in Hebrew...
Hermann (heyman) Steinthal JE German philologist and philosopher; born at Gröbzig, Anhalt, May 16, 1823; died at Berlin March 14, 1899. He studied...
Moritz Steinthal JE German physician; born at Stendal Oct. 22, 1798; died at Berlin May 8, 1892. He studied at the University of Berlin (M. D...
Stephen JE Hellenist Jewish convert to Christianity who, according to tradition, was martyred at Jerusalem Dec. 26, in the year 29 C...
Abraham Stern JE Polish inventor and educator; born at Hrubieszow, government of Lublin, 1769; died at Warsaw Feb. 3, 1842. He was the son...
Adolf Stern JE German poet and historian of literature; born at Leipsic June 14, 1835. He studied philosophy and history at Leipsic and Jena...
Albert Stern (szterÉnyi) JE Hungarian rabbi; born at Nagy-Kanizsa in 1826; died in the insane asylum at Ofen June 16, 1888; educated at Presburg and Ofen...
Alfred Stern JE German historian; born Nov. 22, 1846, at Göttingen, where his father, Moriz Abraham Stern (1807-94), was professor of...
Basilius Stern JE Russian educator; born at Tarnopol, Galicia, in 1798; died at Odessa March 15, 1853. He received a thorough Talmudic education...
Stern, David, Viscount De JE English banker; born in Frankfort-on-the-Main; died in London Jan. 19, 1877. He was a member of a prominent family descendants...
Henry Abraham Stern JE Christian missionary; born at Unterreichenbach, Hesse-Cassel, April 11, 1820; died in London May 13, 1885. He obtained his...
Stern, Hermann, Baron De JE English financier; born in Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1815; died in London Oct. 20, 1887. Together with his brother David de...
Julius Stern JE German musician; born at Breslau Aug. 8, 1820; died at Berlin Feb. 27, 1883. He received his elementary education in music...
Karoline Stern JE German prima donna; born at Mayence April 10, 1800; date of death unknown. She studied first under her father, a violinist...
Louis Stern JE American merchant and politician; born at Ziegenhain, Hesse-Cassel, Germany, Feb. 22, 1847. Together with his parents he emigrated...
Louis William Stern JE German psychologist; born in Berlin April 29, 1871; educated at the Kölnische Gymnasium and at the university of his...
Max Emanuel (mendel Bri Stern) Stern JE Hungarian Hebraist; born at Presburg Nov. 9. 1811; died at Vienna Feb. 9, 1873. He studied under his father, who was a teacher...
Moriz Abraham Stern JE German mathematician; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main June 29, 1807; died at Bern, Switzerland, Jan. 30, 1894. He studied philology...
Samuel Stern JE Hungarian physician; born at Halas, Hungary, Sept. 16, 1839; educated at the universities of Prague and Vienna (M. D. 1858)...
Simon Adler Stern JE American author, editor, and critic; born in Philadelphia 1838; died May 2, 1904. As a boy he displayed marked talent as a...
Victor Stern JE Austrian dramatist; born at Vienna May 5, 1837. After a brief experience in commercial life he turned to literature, receiving...
Wilhelm Stern JE German physician and philosophical writer; born at Sandberg, Posen, Aug. 11, 1844; son of a rabbi. From 1860 to 1865 he attended...
Sternberg JE ...
Simon Sterne JE American lawyer; born in Philadelphia July 23, 1839; died in New York Sept. 22, 1901. He was educated in the public schools...
Albert Edward Sterner JE English artist; born in London March 8, 1863. He studied at Julien's Académie and the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris...
Julius Stettenheim JE German humorist; born at Hamburg Nov. 2, 1831. He at first pursued a commercial career, but went in 1857 to Berlin, where...
Stettin JE District of Pomerania, with its capital of the same name. On Dec. 2, 1261, Duke Barnim I. of Pomerania ordered that the Jews...
Wilhelm Stiassny JE Austrian architect; born in Vienna Oct. 15, 1842. He was graduated from the Vienna Polytechnic in 1861, and thereupon studied...
Heinrich Stieglitz JE German writer; born at Arolsen, Waldeck, Feb. 22, 1801; died at Venice Aug. 23, 1849. He was educated at the universities...
Julius Oscar Stieglitz JE American chemist; born at Hoboken, N. J., May 26, 1867; educated in the public schools of New York, the real-gymnasium of...
Ludwig Von Stieglitz JE Russian banker; born in Arolsen, Waldeck, Germany, in 1778; died at St. Petersburg March 18, 1843. He emigrated to Russia...
Josef Stier JE Hungarian rabbi; born at Neustadt-on-the-Waag, Hungary, April 12, 1844. He was educated at the gymnasium and Talmud Torah...
Bertalan Stiller JE Hungarian physician; born at Miskolez June 23, 1837; studied at Budapest and Vienna (M.D. 1863). In 1864 he was appointed...
Benedikt Stilling JE German anatomist and surgeon; born at Kirchhayn, Hesse, Feb. 22, 1810; died at Cassel Jan. 28, 1879. He studied at the University...
Jakob Stilling JE German ophthalmologist; born at Cassel Sept. 22, 1842; son of Benedikt Stilling. He studied at the universities of Marburg...
Johann Ernst Otto Stobbe JE Christian historian of the Jews; born at Königsberg, East Prussia, June 28, 1831; died at Leipsic May 19, 1887. He studied...
Stock Exchange JE ...
Adolf StÖcker JE German Protestant theologian, politician, and anti-Semitic agitator; born at Halberstadt Dec. 11, 1835. He studied at the...
Madame StÖckl JE ...
Barend Joseph Stokvis JE Dutch physician; born at Amsterdam Aug. 16, 1834; died Sept. 28, 1902; son of the physician J. B. Stokvis (1808-87). He studied...
Stone And Stone-worship JE Sacred stones are mentioned with great frequency in the Old Testament; they were erected by Jacob at Beth-el (Gen. xxviii...
Precious Stones JE ...
Stoning JE ...
Stork JE Unclean bird (Lev. xi. 19; Deut. xiv. 18). The name (comp. Latin, "pia avis") alludes to the filial piety and devotion attributed...
Karl StÖrk JE Austrian laryngologist; born at Ofen, Hungary, Sept. 17, 1832; died at Vienna Sept. 13, 1899. He studied at the universities...
Hermann Leberecht Strack JE German Protestant theologian and Orientalist; born at Berlin May 6, 1848. Since 1877 he has been assistant professor of Old...
Alexander Strakosch JE Hungarian actor and dramatic teacher; born at Sebes, near Eperies, Hungary, Dec. 3, 1845. After a brief trial of commercial...
Moritz Strakosch JE Austrian pianist, singer, and impresario; born at Brünn, Austria, 1825; died at Paris Oct. 9, 1887. He made his first...
Stranger JE ...
Strangulation JE ...
Strasburg JE German commercial and fortified city in the province of Alsace-Lorraine. Legend relates that after the destruction of the...
Mathias Strashun JE Russian Talmudist and writer; born in Wilna Oct. 1, 1817; died Dec. 13, 1885. He studied under Manasseh of Ilye and Isaac...
Samuel B Joseph Strashun JE Russian Talmudist; born in Zaskevich, government of Wilna, 1794; died in Wilna March 21, 1872. He was educated by his father...
Straus JE American family, originally from Otterberg, in the Rhenish Palatinate. The earliest member known was one Lazarus, born in...
Ludwig Straus JE Hungarian violinist; born at Presburg March 28, 1835; studied under Hellmesberger and Joseph Böhm (violin), and under...
Adolf Strauss JE Hungarian geographer and ethnologist; born at Cece, Hungary, May 15, 1853; educated at Fehervar and Budapest; in the latter...
Charles Strauss JE French jurist and politician; born at Gundershoffen, Lower Alsace, Oct. 14, 1834. He was graduated from the law school of...
Gustave Louis Maurice Strauss JE British author; born at Trois-Rivières, Canada, 1807; died at Teddington, England, Sept. 2, 1887; educated at Linden...
Joseph Strauss JE English rabbi; born in Germany 1848; educated at the Royal Gymnasium at Stuttgart, and at the universities of Würzburg...
Paul Strauss JE French senator; born at Rongchamp, Haute-Saône, Sept. 23, 1852. He studied at Paris, and was graduated from the Faculty...
Street JE ...
Mordecai Ben David Strelisker JE Cantor in the synagogue of Mihăilenĭ in Rumania; born in Brody, Galicia, 1809; died Sept., 1875. He spent his youth...
Strelitz JE ...
Salomon Stricker JE Austrian pathologist; born at Waag-Neustadt, Hungary, 1834; died at Vienna April 2, 1898. He received his education at the...
Stripes JE The only corporal punishment named in the Pentateuch is that of stripes; and the limitations put upon the judges are that...
Eliezer Strischow JE ...
Strophic Forms In The Old Testament JE The strophe may be defined as a union of several lines into one rhythmic whole. Certain evidence points to the occurrence...
Bethel Henry (baruch Hirsch) Strousberg JE German railway contractor; born at Neidenburg, East Prussia, Nov. 20, 1823; died at Berlin June 1, 1884. After an unsuccessful...
Myer (meyer Strauss) Strouse JE American lawyer and politician; born in Germany Dec. 16, 1825. In 1832 his parents emigrated to the United States and settled...
Hermann Struck JE German painter; born at Berlin March 6, 1876. He was originally destined for a rabbinical career, but soon showed marked talent...
Moses Studenzki JE Polish physician; born in the early part of the nineteenth century at Zbarasz, Galicia, where his father, Aaron Polak, was...
Stuhlweissenburg JE Coronation city of the Hungarian kings from the time of St. Stephen to 1527. As early as the fourteenth century it contained...
Stuttgart JE German city, and capital of the kingdom of Württemberg. The first historical mention of Stuttgart dates from the administration...
Styria JE Austrian province. The first documentary mention of Jews in Styria occurs in connection with the village of Judenburg under...
Suasso JE Spanish family, with branches in Holland and England. The following are the more important members (in chronological order):...
Subbotniki JE One of the Russian rationalistic bodies known under the general name of "Judaizing sects" (see Judaizing Heresy). On the whole...
SubpŒna JE In English law, a writ which commands witnesses to come into court and to give testimony. Scripture (Lev. v. 1) makes it the...
Subscription JE ...
Succession JE ...
Succoth JE The first stopping-place of the Israelites on their way out of Egypt (Ex. xii. 37, xiii. 20; Num. xxxiii. 5 et seq.); probably...
Mordecai Suchostaver JE Galician adherent of the Haskalah, and teacher of philosophy at the rabbinical seminary of Jitomir, Russia; born near Brody...
Sufism JE The mystic and ascetic doctrines of the Mohammedan sect of the Sufis, whose name is derived from the Arabic noun "ṣuf"...
Suicide JE The influence of race on the frequency of suicide is evident from statistics giving the rates of mortality from this cause...
Sukkah JE Treatise in the Mishnah, the Tosefta, and both Talmudim, dealing chiefly with the regulations regarding the Feast of Tabernacles...
Feast Of Sukkot JE ...
Sulamith JE First Jewish monthly magazine in the German language, its subtitle being "Eine Zeitschrift für Beförderung der Kultur...
Sara Copia (coppio) Sullam JE Italian poetess; born in Venice 1592; died there Adar 5 (Feb. 14); 1641; eldest daughter of Simon and Rebecca Coppio. Her...
Mordecai Sultansky JE Karaite ḥakam; born at Lutzk in 1785; died at Eupatoria, in the Crimea, before 1878. He was one of the most prominent...
Louis Sulzbacher JE American jurist; born in the Rhenish Palatinate, Germany, May 10, 1842. He was educated in Germany, but later emigrated to...
Sulzberger JE American family which derived its name from the town of its origin, Sulzbürg, near Ratisbon, in the Bavarian Palatinate...
Salomon Sulzer JE Austrian cantor and composer; born at Hohenems, Tyrol, March 30, 1804; died at Vienna Jan. 17, 1890. His family, which prior...
Summons JE Writ, process, or order sent by the court messenger ("sheluḥa di-rabbanan," or "sheluaḥ bet din"), and commanding...
Sumptuary Laws JE Laws that restrict individual expenditures as to food, clothing, etc. In the Mishnah several expensive customs are abolished...
Sun JE The conceptions of the Hebrews with regard to physical phenomena were those that obtained among their neighbors, the sun being...
Blessing Of The Sun JE Formula of benediction recited on the day when the sun enters upon a new cycle, which occurs on the first Wednesday of Nisan...
Rising And Setting Of The Sun JE In order to fix the beginning and ending of the Sabbath-day and festivals and to determine the precise hour for certain religious...
Sunday And Sabbath JE ...
Ẓebi Hirsch Ben Enoch Sundeles JE Polish scholar of the sixteenth century. He published the following works: "Tefillot mi-Kol ha-Shanah" (Lublin, 1571; Cracow...
Sunnah JE ...
Supercommentaries JE ...
Superstition JE That views and practises borrowed from paganism and not in accord with the monotheistic belief of Israel—as, for instance...
Support JE ...
Sura JE ...
Suretyship JE The liability, contract, or undertaking of one who becomes a surety. Reference to a surety occurs only once in the Pentateuch...
Surinam JE ...
Surnames JE ...
Susa JE ...
The History Of Susanna JE One of the books of the Protestant Apocrypha; entitled in some manuscripts "The Judgment of Daniel." The Greek text is extant...
Alexander Suslin Ha-kohen JE ...
Suspended Letters JE There are four suspended or elevated ("teluyah") letters in the Hebrew Bible: (1) the "nun" in , in Judges xviii. 30; (2)...
Alexander B Moses SÜsskind JE ...
Alexander B Samuel SÜsskind JE ...
Alexander B Solomon Wimpfen SÜsskind JE Wealthy citizen of Frankfort-on-the-Main, and a resident of Worms in the second half of the thirteenth century; died on the...
SÜsskind (suezkint) Of Trimberg JE German minnesinger; flourished in the second half of the thirteenth century, or, according to Graetz, about 1200. He is called...
Abraham Ben Joseph Sussmann JE Shoḥeṭ in London in the first half of the nineteenth century. He wrote a commentary on Yoreh De'ah in four...
Eliezer Sussmann JE ...
Ezra Ben Jekuthiel Sussmann JE Polish scholar of the eighteenth century. He was the author of "Ḥoshen Yeshu'ot" (Minsk, 1802), a commentary on...
LÖb Ben Moses Sussmann JE Printer of the eighteenth century. In 1750 he established a Hebrew press in the printing-office of Johann Jansen in Amsterdam...
Shabbethai Ben Eliezer Sussmann JE Scholar of the eighteenth century. He compiled under the title "Me'ir Natib" (Altona, 1793-1802) a general index, in three...
Abraham Sutro JE German rabbi; born at Brück, near Erlangen, July 5, 1784; died at Münster Oct. 10, 1869. He studied in the yeshibot...
Adolph Heinrich Joseph Sutro JE In 1879 Sutro sold his interest in the company and returned to San Francisco, where, during the Kearny riots and sand-lot...
Alfred Sutro JE English author and dramatist; born in London about 1870; educated at the City of London School and in Brussels. He began his...
Theodore Sutro JE American lawyer; born at Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia, March 14, 1845. When only five years of age he emigrated with his parents...
Karl SvÁb JE Hungarian landed proprietor, and member of the Hungarian Upper House; born at Csongrad in 1829; educated at the real-school...
Sviit JE ...
Swallow JE Rendering in the English versions for "deror" (Ps. lxxxiv. 4 [A. V. 3]; Prov. xxvi. 2) and for "sus" or "sis" (Isa. xxxviii...
Swan JE The rendering of the Authorized Version for "tinshemet" (Lev. xi. 18; Deut. xiv. 16). The Revised Version, more correctly...
Swaying The Body JE The habit of swaying the body during study and prayer has been peculiar to the Jews from very early times, and it is one still...
Sweden JE Kingdom of northern Europe. The existence of Jews in Sweden in the seventeenth century is vouched for by church records at...
Swine JE Rendering in the English versions of the Hebrew "ḥazir." The swine is enumerated among the unclean animals (Lev. xi...
Switzerland JE Republic of central Europe. Jews were living at Basel as early as 1213, and ten years later the church chattels were pawned...
Sword JE The sword hung at the hip from a sword-belt (I Sam. xvii. 39; xxv. 13; II Sam. xx. 8), probably on the left side, Judges iii...
Sycamore JE A medium-sized bushy tree of Syria and Egypt, allied to the common fig. It is often mentioned in the Bible (Amos vii. 14;...
Sydney JE Capital of New South Wales, Australia. Its congregation dates from 1817, when about a score of Jews formed a ḥebra &#7731...
Syene JE Ancient city of Egypt on the Ethiopian frontier in the Thebaid; situated on the eastern bank of the Nile, equidistant from...
James Joseph Sylvester JE English mathematician and Savilian professor of geometry in the University of Oxford; born in London Sept. 3, 1814; died there...
Symbol JE A visible representation of an object or an idea. In Hebrew the word denoting symbol is "ot," which in early Judaism denoted...
Symmachus JE Translator of the Bible into Greek; flourished at the end of the second or the beginning of the third century of the common...
Synagogal Music JE ...
Die Synagoge JE ...
Das Synagogenblatt JE ...
Synagogue JE The origin of the synagogue, in which the congregation gathered to worship and to receive the religious instruction connected...
Synagogue Architecture JE Ancient Jewish art is mainly represented by the Temple and its fittings, of which all that is left to contemplate is the lower...
The Great Synagogue JE The members of the Great Synagogue, or the Great Assembly, are designated in the Mishnah (Ab. i. 1) as those representatives...
Synod JE Representative council, composed of rabbis and laymen, and convened to deliberate upon and determine points of Jewish doctrine...
Synod Of Four Countries JE ...
The Great Synod JE ...
Synod Of Usha JE In the middle of the second century C.E. an important synod of rabbinical authorities was convened in the Galilean city of...
Syracuse JE City in the state of New York; situated on Lake Onondaga. The first settlement of Jews in Syracuse dates back to 1839, when...
Syria JE Country in Asiatic Turkey. The terms "Syria" and "Syrians" do not occur in Hebrew; they are found first in the Greek period...
Maximilian (meyer-jehudah) Syrkin JE Russian jurist and editor; born at Ponjewezh, government of Kovno, Oct. 27, 1858; a descendant of the family of Joel Sirkes...
Syzygies JE ...
Max Szabolcsi JE Hungarian author; born at Tura Aug. 27, 1857. In his youth he studied Talmud, and for a short time attended the rabbinical...
Szanto (abauj-szanto) JE Town of Hungary, on the slope of the hills of Tokay. Its Jewish community is one of the oldest in the country. Its age is...
Emil Szanto JE Austrian philologist; born at Vienna Nov. 22, 1857; died there Dec. 14, 1904; son of Simon Szanto. He studied at the University...
Simon Szanto JE Hungarian journalist; born at Nagy-Kanizsa, Hungary, Aug. 23, 1819; died in Vienna Jan. 17, 1882. He was a son of Rabbi Me&#239...
Szegedin JE Town of central Hungary. Jews are mentioned there as tax-farmers during the Turkish rule in Hungary (1552). When the Turks...
Philip Szenes JE Hungarian painter; born at Török Szent Miklos in 1864. After studying at the technical school at Budapest, he devoted...
Emerich SzerencsÉs (fortunatus) JE Hungarian deputy treasurer; died Aug., 1526. As a married man he had had illicit intercourse with a Christian woman, and when...
Moriz Szilasi JE Hungarian philologist; born 1854; died at Klausenburg, Hungary, May 15, 1905. He studied philology at Budapest and Leipsic...
Adolf Szili JE Hungarian ophthalmologist; born at Budapest in 1848; educated at Vienna (M.D. 1872). In 1874 he went to Budapest, where he...
Benjamin Szold JE American rabbi and scholar; a leader of the conservative wing of the Reform movement in America; born at Nemiskert, county...
Henrietta Szold JE Eldest daughter of Benjamin Szold; born at Baltimore, Md. Since 1893 she has been secretary of the literary committee of the...

Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/S

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Views

Navigation

Interaction

Search