Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/M1

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Directory of articles A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 - A5 - B - C1 - C2 - C3 - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L1 - L2 - M1 - M2 - M3 - M4 - N - O - P1 - P2 - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

1. Maacah JE Small Aramean kingdom east of the Sea of Galilee (I Chron. xix. 6). Its territory was in the region assigned to the half-tribe...
2. Abu Al- Ma'ali Ibn Hibat Allah JE Egyptian physician; lived at Fusṭaṭ (Cairo) at the end of the twelfth century. He was the physician of Sala&#7717...
3. Ma'amad JE ...
4. Israel Ben Samuel Ha-dayyan Ma'arabi (al-maghrebi) JE Karaite scholar; lived at Cairo in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries; teacher of the Karaite physician and writer Japhet...
5. Nahum Ma'arabi JE Moroccan Hebrew poet and translator of the thirteenth century ("Ma'arabi," "Maghrabi" = "the western" or "the Moroccan")...
6. Ma'arib JE The evening prayer, from the first benediction in which the name is taken, the Talmudic term being "Tefillat 'Arbit";...
7. Joseph Ben Jacob Maarssen JE Dutch scholar and publisher; member of a family of printers; lived at Amsterdam in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries...
8. Joseph Maas JE English musician and singer; born at Dartford, Kent, Jan. 30, 1847; died at London Jan. 16, 1886. Maas acted as chorister...
9. Myrtil Maas JE French mathematician; born in France in 1792; died in Paris Feb. 27, 1865. He early showed an aptitude for mathematics, and...
10. Ma'aseh Bereshit; Ma'aseh Merkabah JE Talmudic terms for the esoteric doctrine of the universe, or for parts of it (comp. Cabala). Ma'aseh Bereshit, following...
11. Ma'aseh Books JE Books written in Judæo-German in Hebrew script, and containing stories, legends, and tales ("ma'asim") on various...
12. Ma'aser JE ...
13. Ma'aserot JE Seventh masseket of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Palestinian Gemara, in the Talmudic order of Zera'im. It deals with the...
14. Ma'asiyyot JE ...
15. The MaccabÆan JE Monthly magazine of Jewish life and literature published in New York; established Oct., 1901, as the outcome of a resolution...
16. The MaccabÆans JE Association of English Jewish professional men and others; founded in 1892; its aim is social intercourse and cooperation...
17. The Maccabees JE Name given to the Hasmonean family. Originally the designation "Maccabeus" (Jerome, "Machabæus") was applied solely to...
18. Books Of Maccabees JE There are four books which pass under this name—I, II, III, and IV Maccabees. The first of these is the only one of...
19. Macedonia JE Country of southeastern Europe; now a part of the Turkish empire. It is the native country of Alexander the Great, who is...
20. Machado JE Name of a family of Maranos which appears to have emigrated to America from Lisbon. The name is met with in Mexico and the...
21. MachÆrus JE Mountain fortress in Peræa, on the boundary between Palestine and Arabia. Alexander Jannæus first built a fortification...
22. Masahod Cohen Machim JE Moorish envoy to England, in 1813, from Mulai Sulaiman, Emperor of Morocco (1794-1822), in whose reign Christian slavery was...
23. Machir JE The first-born son of Manasseh (Josh. xvii. 1; I Chron. vii. 14); founder of the most important or dominant branch of the...
24. Machir JE A Babylonian scholar who settled in Narbonne, France, at the end of the eighth century and whose descendants were for many...
25. Machir Ben Abba Mari JE Author of a work entitled "Yalḥuṭ ha-Makiri," but about whom not even the country or the period in which he lived...
26. Machir Ben Judah JE French scholar of the tenth and eleventh centuries; born at Metz; brother of Gershom Me'or ha-Golah. He is known by his...
27. Adolf Machlup JE Hungarian merchant and philanthropist; born at Eisenstadt in 1833; died at Budapest Jan. 1, 1895. He studied at Budapest,...
28. Machorro JE Name of a family of Sephardim that flourished in Brazil, Germany, Holland, Hungary, and Italy. Thirteen persons bearing the...
29. Machpelah JE Name of a field and cave bought by Abraham as a burying-place. The meaning of the name, which always occurs with the definite...
30. Macrocosm JE ...
31. Madai JE ...
32. Madrid JE Capital of Spain. Jews lived there as early as the twelfth century. By the old municipal law ("Fuero de Madrid") they were...
33. MafṬir JE The reader of the concluding portion of the Pentateuchal section on Sabbaths and holy days in the synagogue. On regular Sabbaths...
34. Magazin FÜr Die Wissenschaft Des Judenthums JE Journal founded by Dr. Abraham Berliner Jan. 1, 1874. It appeared first as a bimonthly, in quarto form, under the title "Magazin...
35. Magdala JE Town in Palestine in the province of Galilee; probably the birthplace of Mary Magdalene. There is a Talmudic sentence which...
36. Magdeburg JE Capital of the Prussian province of Saxony; situated on the Elbe. It has a population of 229,633, of whom about 2,000 are...
37. Magdeburg Law (magdeburg Rights) JE General name for a system of privileges "securing the administrative independence of municipalities," which was adopted in...
38. Magen Dawid JE The hexagram formed by the combination of two equilateral triangles; used as the symbol of Judaism. It is placed upon synagogues...
39. Maggid JE ...
40. Maggid JE Itinerant preacher, skilled as a narrator of stories. A preacher of the more scholarly sort was called "darshan" and usually...
41. Hillel Noah Maggid (steinschneider) JE Russian genealogist and historian; a descendant of the family of Saul Wahl; born at Wilna 1829; died there Oct. 29, 1903....
42. Maggid Mishneh JE ...
43. Al- Maghariyyah JE Arabic name of a Jewish sect, meaning "Men of the Caves." According to the account given by Joseph al-Ḳirḳisani...
44. Magi JE ...
45. Magic JE The pretended art of producing preternatural effects; one of the two principal divisions of occultism, the other being Divination...
46. Meïr Di Gabriele Magino JE French silk-manufacturer; lived at Venice. In 1587 he went to Rome to promote the manufacture of silk, which had been begun...
47. Magister JudÆorum JE ...
48. Magistrate JE ...
49. Elijah Magistratus JE ...
50. Magnesia JE ...
51. Magnet JE ...
52. Eduard Magnus JE German painter; born at Berlin Jan. 7, 1799; died there Aug. 8, 1872. After studying successively medicine, architecture,...
53. Heinrich Gustav Magnus JE German chemist and physicist; born in Berlin May 2, 1802; died there April 4, 1870. He was graduated from the University of...
54. Lady Katie Magnus JE English authoress and communal worker; born at Portsmouth May 2, 1844; daughter of E. Emanuel; wife of Sir Philip Magnus....
55. Laurie Magnus JE English author and publisher; son of Sir Philip Magnus; born in London in 1872; educated at Magdalen College, Oxford. He was...
56. Ludwig Immanuel Magnus JE German mathematician; born in Berlin March 15, 1790; died there Sept. 25, 1861; cousin of Heinrich Gustav Magnus. His father...
57. Markus Magnus JE Elder of the Jewish congregation of Berlin in the first quarter of the eighteenth century; court Jew to the crown prince,...
58. Paul Wilhelm Magnus JE German botanist; born at Berlin Feb. 29, 1844; educated at the Werdergymnasium and the university of his native city and at...
59. Sir Philip Magnus JE English educationist; born in London Oct. 7, 1842; educated at University College in that city, and at the University of London...
60. Magog JE ...
61. Magrephah JE ...
62. Magyar Izraelita JE ...
63. Magyar ZsidÓ Szemle JE Hungarian Jewish monthly review; established in 1884 by Josef Simon, secretary of the Jewish chancery, Wilhelm Bacher, and...
64. Magyar Zsinagoga JE ...
65. Mah Nishtannah JE The opening words of the child's questions to the father in the Passover Haggadah; the whole of the domestic service of...
66. Mahamad JE The board of directors of a Spanish-Portuguese congregation. The word is of Neo-Hebrew origin, and in the Talmud is applied...
67. Mahanaim JE City on the east of the Jordan, near the River Jabbok; first mentioned as the place where Jacob, returning from Aram to southern...
68. Maher-shalal-hash-baz JE Symbolic name of the son of Isaiah indicating the sudden attack on Damascus and Syria by the King of Assyria (Isa. viii. 3-4)...
69. Arthur Mahler JE Austrian archeologist; born in Prague Aug. 1, 1871. After completing his studies at the gymnasium in Prague, he studied the...
70. Eduard Mahler JE Austrian astronomer; born in Cziffer, Hungary, 1857. He was graduated from the Vienna public school in 1876, and then studied...
71. Gustav Mahler JE Austrian composer; born at Kalischt, Bohemia, July 7, 1860; studied at the gymnasiums at Iglau and Prague, and entered the...
72. Mahomet JE ...
73. Mahoza JE Babylonian city on the Tigris, three parasangs south of Ctesiphon. Near it was the citadel of Koke (, Χώχ&#951...
74. MÄhrish-ostrau JE Town in Moravia, Austria. The congregation of Mährish-Ostrau is one of the youngest in Moravia, for Jews were not allowed...
75. Mahzor JE Term applied to the compilation of prayers and piyyuṭim; originally it designated the astronomical or yearly cycle....
76. Johann Heinrich Mai JE German Protestant theologian; born in Pforzheim Feb., 1653; died in Giessen Sept., 1719. In 1689 he became professor in the...
77. Joseph Ben Michael Mai JE German printer; born at Dyhernfurth Dec. 29, 1764; died at Breslau Dec. 1, 1810. His father had a printing establishment at...
78. Joseph Von Maier JE German rabbi; born in 1797; died at Stuttgart Aug. 19, 1873. He was president of the first rabbinical conference held at Brunswick...
79. Maiming JE ...
80. Maimon (maimun) Ben Joseph JE Spanish exegete and moralist; born about 1110; father of Moses Maimonides. He studied under Joseph ibn Migash at Lucena, and...
81. Moisei Leibovich Maimon JE Maimon attained also considerable success in caricature. In 1900 he published two albums, one containing ten portraits of...
82. Solomon Ben Joshua Maimon JE Philosophical writer; born at Nieszwicz, Lithuania, in 1754; died at Niedersiegersdorf, Silesia, Nov. 22, 1800. Endowed with...
83. Maimuni Maimonides JE ...
84. Maimonists JE ...
85. Maintenance JE ...
86. Mainz JE ...
87. Karl Maison JE Bavarian merchant, manufacturer and deputy; born in Oberdorf, Württemberg, Sept. 18, 1840; died in Munich Sept. 29, 1896...
88. Julius Major JE Hungarian composer of music; born Dec. 13, 1859, at Kaschau on the Hernad, chief town of Aber Uj Var district, Hungary. He...
89. Solomon Ibn Major JE Turkish rabbi; flourished toward the end of the sixteenth century at Salonica, where he was head of the yeshibah. Many distinguished...
90. Majorca JE See Balearic Islands. This article is Rated: 2.85 ...
91. Majority JE More than half of a given number or group; the greater part: applied to opinions. In their endeavor to find a Biblical basis...
92. Emil Makai JE Hungarian poet; born at Mako Nov. 17, 1871; died at Budapest Aug. 6, 1901; son of Rabbi A. E. Fischer. He was educated at...
93. Makkedah JE City situated, according to the Priestly description of tribal boundaries and groups of cities contained in the Book of Joshua...
94. Makkot JE Treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Gemara (Palestinian and Babylonian). It is fifth in the order of Neziḳin ("Damages")...
95. Mako JE Town in Hungary, in the county of Csanad. It has a total population of 33,722, of which 1,642 are Jews (1900). Jews began...
96. Hermann Makower JE German jurist; born at Santomischel, Posen, March 8, 1830; died at Berlin April 1, 1898. His father, recognizing the inadequate...
97. MaḲre DardeḲe JE Name given in the Middle Ages to Hebrew glossaries primarily intended for the use of students of the Bible; its literal meaning...
98. Samuel Ben Phinehas Ha-kohen Makshan JE Bohemian Talmudist of the sixteenth century; born in Prague. He wrote: "Teḥillat Dibre Shemuel," commentary on the Targum...
99. Makshirin JE Name of the eighth tractate, in the Mishnah and Tosefta, of the sixth Talmudic order Ṭohorot ("Purifications"). This...
100. Malabar JE ...
101. Hayyim Malach JE ...
102. Book Of Malachi JE The Book of Malachi is the last in the canon of the Old Testament Prophets. It has three chapters in the Masoretic text, while...
103. Abraham Malachi JE ...
104. Malachi B Jacob Ha-kohen JE Prominent Talmudist and methodologist of the eighteenth century; the last of the great rabbinical authorities of Italy; died...
105. Malaga JE Spanish Mediterranean seaport; capital of the province of Malaga; said to have been founded by the Phenicians. Malaga was...
106. MeÏr LÖb Ben Jehiel Michael Malbim JE Russian rabbi, preacher, and Hebraist; born at Volochisk, Volhynia, in 1809; died at Kiev Sept. 18, 1879. The name "Malbim"...
107. Malcha JE Russian town, in the government of Grodno. A Jewish community existed in Malcha in 1583, when, in consequence of rumors current...
108. Malchin JE ...
109. Malchus (cleodemus The Prophet) JE Hellenistic writer of the second century B.C. His Semitic name, "Malchus," a very common one in Phenicia and Syria but not...
110. MeÏr De Malea (maleha; Melea) JE "Almoxarif mayor"; chief farmer of taxes of King Ferdinand III. (the Holy) of Castile, whose favor he gained through his honesty...
111. Moses Bapujee Malekar JE Beni-Israel soldier; born at Bombay about 1830. He enlisted in the 12th Regiment Native Infantry April 12, 1851; was made...
112. Malice JE ...
113. Joseph Malinovski JE ...
114. Malka Ben Aha JE Gaon of Pumbedita from 771 to 773. The only fact known concerning him is that, with Ḥaninai Kahana ben Huna (765-775)...
115. Ezra Ben Raphael Malki JE Rabbi of Rhodes in the seventeenth century; brother-in-law of Hezekiah de Silva, the author of "Peri Ḥadash." Malki...
116. Raphael Mordecai Malki JE Rabbinical scholar and physician of Palestine; lived at Safed about 1627. He was versed in astronomy and philosophy, and was...
117. Malkut Schlagen JE ...
118. Henry Malter JE American rabbi and scholar; born at Zabno, Galicia, March 23, 1867; educated at the Zabno elementary school, and at the universities...
119. Giacomo Malvano JE Italian diplomat; born at Turin Dec. 14, 1841. In 1862 he entered the diplomatic service, and by 1887 had become envoy extraordinary...
120. Mamon (mammon) JE Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic for "riches." The word itself is given in the Sermon on the Mount. "Ye can not serve God and mammon"...
121. Mamran JE A check; an expression used by Polish Jews from the end of the sixteenth to the beginningof the nineteenth century. The word...
122. Mamzer JE ...
123. Son Of Man JE Individual of the species man; synonym of "man." While "ben enosh" occurs only in Ps. cxliv. 3, the term "ben adam" is found...
124. Manasseh JE The elder of two sons born before the famine to Joseph and Osnath, daughter of the priest of Heliopolis (Gen. xli. 50-51,...
125. Prayer Of Manasseh JE Greek poetic composition attributed to Manasseh, son of Hezekiah, King of Judah, "when he was holden captive in Babylon" (II...
126. Manasseh Ben Israel JE Dutch polyhistor; born at La Rochelle about 1604 (see Bethen-court in "Jew. Chron." May 20, 1904); died at Middleburg, Netherlands...
127. Jacob Manasseh JE Turkish rabbinical writer and chief rabbi of Salonica, where he died in 1832. Among his works may be mentioned: "Ohel Ya&#39...
128. Manasseh Ben Joseph Of Ilye JE Russian rabbinical writer and philosopher; born at Smorgony, government of Wilna, 1767; died at Ilye, in the same government...
129. Manchester JE City in Lancashire, England, and one of the chief British manufacturing centers. It has a population of 543,969, of whom about...
130. MandÆans JE Eastern religious sect that professes and practises an admixture of Christian, Jewish, and heathen doctrines and customs....
131. Paul Mandel JE Hungarian jurist and deputy; born at Nyirbator Jan. 6, 1839. He studied law in Budapest and Vienna, and in 1875 was elected...
132. Solomon B Simhah Dob Mandelkern JE Russian poet and author; born in Mlynov, Volhynia, 1846; died in Vienna March 24, 1902. He was educated as a Talmudist. After...
133. David Mandelli JE Hungarian linguist; born about 1780 at Presburg; died at Paris Dec. 22, 1836. He was one of the greatest linguists of his...
134. Benjamin B Joseph Mandelstamm JE Russian Hebraist and author; born in Zhagory about the end of the eighteenth century; died in Simferopol May 8, 1886. He was...
135. Leon (aryeh LÖb) B Joseph Mandelstamm JE Russian Hebraist, poet, and educator; born in Zhagory, government of Kovno, in 1809; died in St. Petersburg Sept. 12, 1889...
136. Max (emanuel) Mandelstamm JE Russian physician and Zionist; born in Zhagory, government of Kovno, in 1838. His father, Ezekiel Mandelstamm, younger brother...
137. Christof Mandl JE Hungarian author; converted to Christianity in 1534. His godfather was George, Margrave of Brandenburg, to whom Mandl dedicated...
138. Ludwig Lazar Mandl JE Hungarian anatomist and pathologist; born at Budapest Dec., 1812; died in Paris July 5, 1881; educated at Vienna and Budapest...
139. Moritz Mandl JE Austrian dramatist and journalist; born in Presburg May 13, 1840. He went to Vienna and there joined the editorial staff of...
140. Mane JE ...
141. Manessier De Vesoul JE French communal leader; originally from Vesoul and probably of the family of Héliot of Vesoul, whose ledger has been...
142. Manetho JE Greco-Egyptian writer whose history of Egypt, forming a source of Josephus, especially in his book "Contra Apionem" (i. 14...
143. Giannozzo Manetti JE Italian statesman and Christian Hebraist; born in Florence 1396; died at Naples Oct. 26, 1459. At the suggestion of Pope Nicholas...
144. Elijah Mani JE Turkish rabbi; died in Hebron, Palestine, in the summer of 1899. He was a native of Bagdad, where he was held in great esteem...
145. Manissa JE Town in the Turkish vilayet of Aidin, twenty-eight miles northeast of Smyrna. It has a population of 40,000, of whom 1,800...
146. Louis Mann JE American actor; born in New York city 1865; son of Daniel and Caroline Mann. He began his career as an actor when but six...
147. Manna JE The miraculously supplied food on which the Israelites subsisted in the wilderness. Its name is said to have originated in...
148. Mordecai Ẓebi Manne JE Russian Hebrew poet and painter; born at Rodzkowitz, government of Wilna, 1859; died there in 1886. He received the Talmudic...
149. Mannheim JE Town in the grand duchy of Baden, Germany. It has a population of 141, 131, including 5,478 Jews (1900). Jews are not known...
150. Gustav Mannheimer (magyar) JE Hungarian painter; born at Budapest Feb. 27, 1854. He studied at the schools of drawing in Budapest, Munich, Vienna, and Rome...
151. Isaac Noah Mannheimer JE Jewish preacher; born at Copenhagen Oct. 17, 1793; died at Vienna March 17, 1865. The son of a ḥazzan, he began the...
152. Louise Mannheimer (herschman) JE Writer and poetess; born at Prague Sept. 3, 1845. In 1866 she went with her parents to New York, where she became the wife...
153. Sigmund Mannheimer JE American educator; born at Kemel, Hesse-Nassau, May 16, 1835. Educated at the teachers' seminary at Ems, Nassau, he became...
154. Manoah B Jacob JE French Talmudist; lived at Lunel in the second half of the thirteenth century. He is sometimes quoted under the abbreviation...
155. Manoah Of Lunel JE ...
156. Manoah B Shemariah Handel JE Polish author; born at Brzeszticzka (), Volhynia; died in 1612. He was the author of the following works: "Ḥokmat Manoa&#7717...
157. Manresa JE Town in Spain, in the province of Barcelona. In the twelfth century it is said to have contained 500 Jewish families, most...
158. Mansion House And Guildhall Meetings JE Meetings held at the summons of the lord mayor of London by citizens of the English metropolis to protest against the persecution...
159. ManṢur MarzuḲ JE Egyptian rabbi and author; settled at Salonica toward the close of the eighteenth century. He was the author of several works:...
160. Jacob Ben Samuel Mantino JE Italian physician; died at Damascus in 1549. His parents—and perhaps Mantino himself—were natives of Tortosa,...
161. Mantle Of The Law JE The cover of the scroll of the Pentateuch. The Hebrew name "mappah" is derived from the Greek μάππ&#945...
162. Mantua JE Fortified Italian city, on the Mincio; capital of the duchy of Mantua. It has a population of 29,160, including 1,100 Jews...
163. EugÈne Manuel JE French educator and poet; born at Paris July 13, 1823; died there June 1, 1901. A grandson on his mother's side of the...
164. Manuscripts JE The first materials used for writing were such substances as stone, wood, and metal, upon which the characters were engraved...
165. Ma'oz Ẓur JE Commencement of the hymn originally sung only in the domestic circle, but now used also in the synagogue, after the kindling...
166. Abraham Mapu JE Russian Hebrew novelist; born near Kovno Jan. 10, 1808; died at Königsberg Oct. 9, 1867. Mapu introduced the novel into...
167. Mar JE Aramaic noun meaning "lord." Daniel addresses the king as "Mari" (= "my lord"; Dan. iv. 16 [A. V. 19]; comp. Hebr. "Adoni...
168. Marah JE The name of a station or halting-place of the Israelites in the wilderness (Ex. xv. 23; Num. xxxiii. 8), so called in reference...
169. Marano JE Crypto-Jews of the Iberian Peninsula. The term, which is frequently derived from the New Testament phrase "maran atha" ("our...
170. Marbe Haskalah JE ...
171. Marble JE A stone composed mainly of calcium carbonate or of calcium and magnesium carbonates. It is mentioned in the Old Testament...
172. Marburg JE Town in the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau. Jews are first mentioned as living in Marburg in a document dated May 13, 1317...
173. Charles Chretien Henri Marc JE French physician; born in Amsterdam Nov. 4, 1771, died in Paris Jan. 12, 1841. He took the degree of M.D. at Erlangen in 1792...
174. Joseph Marc-mossÉ JE French poet and author; born in Carpentras about 1780; died in Paris Feb. 21, 1825. His name appears to have been originally...
175. Benedetto Marcello JE Italian musician; born at Venice 1686; died there 1739. He is particularly celebrated for his settings to the Psalms, fifty...
176. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus JE ...
177. Brentgen Marcus JE First Jewish court singer in Germany; flourished toward the end of the seventeenth century. She lived with her father, Isaac...
178. Lewi (lewin) Marcus JE German lawyer; born Oct. 15, 1809, at Rhena, Mecklenburg; died Oct. 7, 1881, at Manchester, England. On account of his indefatigable...
179. Louis Marcus JE ...
180. Adolf Marcuse JE German astronomer; born Nov. 17, 1860, in Magdeburg; educated at the universities of Strasburg and Berlin (Ph.D. 1884). Before...
181. Heinrich Marczali JE Hungarian historian; born at Marczali April 3, 1856; educated at Raab, Papa, Budapest, Berlin, and Paris. In 1878 he became...
182. Max Maretzek JE Austrian impresario; born at Brünn, Moravia, June 28, 1821; died at Pleasant Plains, New York, May 14, 1897. He was a...
183. Margalioth Margaliot JE ...
184. Aaron Margalita JE Polish convert to Christianity; born 1663 at Zolkiev. He was a learned rabbi, and traveled as a maggid in Poland and Germany...
185. Antonius Margarita JE Convert to Christianity in the first half of the sixteenth century; born about 1500 at Ratisbon (Regensburg), where his father...
186. Margolioth JE Polish family of Talmudic scholars that traces its descent from Rashi, on the one side, and from the families of Shor and...
187. Isaac Ben Eliah Margolis JE Russo-Polish rabbi and author; born in Kalvariya, government of Suwalki, Russian Poland, 1842; died in New York Aug. 1, 1887...
188. Max Leopold Margolis JE American philologist; born at Meretz, government of Wilna, Russia, Oct. 15, 1866; son of Isaac Margolis; educated at the elementary...
189. Margoliut, Margulies, Margulioth JE ...
190. Moses Margoliuth JE Convert to Christianity; born in Suwalki, Poland, Dec. 3, 1820; died in London Feb. 25, 1881. He went to Liverpool, England...
191. Samuel Hirsch Margulies JE Rabbi; born at Brzezan, Galicia, Oct. 9, 1858; a descendant of Rabbi Ephraim Zalman Margolioth; educated at the theological...
192. Marhab Ibn Al-harith JE Jewish Arabian warrior and poet; killed during Mohammed'sinvasion of Khaibar about 628. Marḥab, who was of Himyarite...
193. Marheshwan JE ...
194. Mari Ben Dimi JE Second gaon of Pumbedita. When the Jewish scholars were compelled to leave the Babylonian academies, Mari, with others, went...
195. Maria Theresa JE See Austria. This article is Rated: 2.89 ...
196. Mariamne JE Wife of Herod the Great; the first of this name. She was the daughter of the Hasmonean Alexander, a son of Aristobulus II...
197. Mariampol JE Town situated in the government of Suwalki, Russian Poland. The Jewish community there, like the town itself, is of comparatively...
198. Solomon Marik JE Spanish surgeon, of whose life no details are known. He wrote in Spanish in Hebrew script a work entitled "Libro de la Cirogia...
199. Solomon B Isaac Marini JE Italian rabbi of the seventeenth century; died in 1670. He was the only rabbi at Padua who survived the plague of 1631, which...
200. Adolph Marix JE American naval commander; born Apr. 24, 1848, in Saxony. He went to America while still a boy, and in 1864 entered the United...
201. Mark JE ...
202. Mark JE ...
203. Isaac Markens JE American writer; born in New York city Oct. 9, 1846; son of Elias Markens, a linguist and Orientalist. Isaac Markens was educated...
204. B S Marks JE English artist; born in 1827 at Cardiff, where he received his art education and followed the profession of portrait-painter...
205. David Woolf Marks JE The "father" of Anglo-Jewish Reform; born in London Nov. 22, 1811; educated at the Jews' Free School, London. He acted...
206. Henry Hananel Marks JE English journalist and politician; born April 5, 1855, in London; fifth son of the Rev. Prof. D. W. Marks; educated at University...
207. Marcus M Marks JE American merchant; born at Schenectady, N. Y., March 18, 1858. In 1877 he started a business at Passaic, N. J., and later...
208. Samuel Marks JE South-African pioneer; born in Sheffield about 1850. He went to Cape Colony about 1868 and commenced trading in the country...
209. Ludwig Markus JE German Orientalist; born in Dessau Oct. 31, 1798; died in Paris July 15, 1843. He attended the Franzschule and the ducal gymnasium...
210. Marli ( JE Italian Talmudist and liturgist of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. According to S. D. Luzzatto, the name "Marli"...
211. Alexander Marmorek JE Austrian physician; born at Mielnica, Galicia, Feb. 19, 1865; educated at a gymnasium and at the University of Vienna (M.D...
212. Oskar Marmorek JE Austrian architect; brother of Alexander Marmorek; born at Skirta, Galicia, April 9, 1863. He studied at the polytechnic high...
213. Marriage JE The earliest Hebrew literature represents a comparatively high development of social and domestic life. Of primitive conditions...
214. Marriage-broker JE See Shadkan. This article is Rated: 2.84 ...
215. Marriage Ceremonies JE Association of the sexes was much restricted among the Jews, and the Betrothal was generally brought about by a third person...
216. Marriage Laws JE The first positive commandment of the Bible, according to rabbinic interpretation (Maimonides, "Minyan ha-Miẓwot," 212)...
217. Marriage Settlement JE ...
218. Married Woman JE ...
219. Marseilles JE Seaport of southern France with about 5,000 Jews in a population (1896) of 420,300. It had a Jewish colony as early as the...
220. Louis Marshall JE American lawyer and communal worker; born at Syracuse, N. Y., Dec. 14, 1856; educated at the Syracuse high school and at the...
221. Raymund Martin JE Spanish Christian theologian; born in the first half of the thirteenth century at Subirats in Catalonia; died after 1284....
222. Adam Martinet JE German Catholic Orientalist; born in Höchstädt, near Bamberg, in Jan., 1800; date of death uncertain. Martinet,...
223. Ferrand Martinez JE Archdeacon of Ecija in the fourteenth century, and one of the most inveterate enemies of the Jewish people; lived at Seville...
224. Martini Geese JE ...
225. Martinique JE Island in the West Indies, now constituting a French colony. In the beginning of the seventeenth century a number of Dutch...
226. Restriction Of Martyrdom JE True to the principle current in rabbinical literature—"live through them [the laws], but do not die through them" (Yoma...
227. Martyrology JE Biography of martyrs. Early in its existence the Christian Church began to register the judicial proceedings against its martyrs...
228. The Ten Martyrs JE Among the numerous victims of the persecutions of Hadrian, tradition names ten great teachers who suffered martyrdom for having...
229. Adolf Bernhard Marx JE German musical writer; born at Halle May 15, 1799; died at Berlin May 17, 1866. He had studied music for some time with D...
230. Berthe Marx JE French pianist; born at Paris July 28, 1859. She began to study the pianoforte at the age of four, receiving her first instruction...
231. David Marx JE Chief rabbi of Bordeaux, France; born at Landau, Bavaria, in 1807; died Feb., 1864. On his graduation from the Ecole Centrale...
232. Jacob Marx JE German physician; born in Bonn 1743; died in Hanover Jan. 24, 1789; studied medicine in Halle (M. D. 1765). He traveled for...
233. Karl Marx JE German socialistic leader and political economist; born at Treves May 5, 1818; died in London March 14, 1883. His father,...
234. Roger Marx JE French art critic; born in Nancy Aug 28, 1859. In 1878 he went to Paris, where he wrote for various theater and art journals...
235. Samuel Marx JE Chief rabbi of Bayonne, France; born in 1817 at Dürkheim, Bavaria; died in 1887; cousin of David Marx. On completing...
236. Maryland JE One of the thirteen original States of the American Union. The history of the Jews in Maryland may be divided into three periods:...
237. MÄrzroth JE Austrian author; born in Vienna March 21, 1818; died at Salzburg in 1888. After leaving the University of Vienna in 1844 he...
238. Masada JE Strong mountain fortress in Palestine, not far west of the Dead Sea. The fortress was built by the high priest Jonathan (a...
239. Masarjawaih JE One of the oldest Arabic Jewish physicians, and the oldest translator from the Syriac; lived in Bassora about 883. His name...
240. Mashal JE ...
241. Hasun Ben Mashiah JE Karaite scholar; flourished in Egypt (or Babylonia) in the first half of the tenth century. According to Steinschneider, "&#7716...
242. Maskil JE A title of honor used principally in Italy. The word "maskil," with the meaning of "scholar" or "enlightened man," was used...
243. Abraham B Judah LÖb Maskileison JE Russian rabbi and author; born 1788; died at Minsk 1848. He was a descendant of R. Israel Jaffe of Shklov, author of "Or Yisrael...
244. Naphtali Maskileison JE Russian Hebrew author and book-dealer; born at Radashkovichi, near Minsk, Feb. 20, 1829; died at Minsk Nov. 19, 1897. His...
245. Ẓebi Hirsch B Hayyim Masliansky JE Russian preacher; born in Slutsk, government of Minsk, June 6, 1856. He received a thorough rabbinical education, spending...
246. Masorah JE The system of critical notes on the external form of the Biblical text. This system of notes represents the literary labors...
247. Massachusetts JE A northeastern state in the American Union. The earliest record of a Jew in Massachusetts bears the date of May 3, 1649, and...
248. Massarani (massaran) JE Name of an Italian family which has been known since the latter part of the fifteenth century. Originally the name of the...
249. Tullo Massarani JE Italian senator, author, and painter; born at Mantua in 1826. He studied law at Pavia and took an active part in the Italian...
250. Masseket JE Any collection of rabbinic texts affecting any more or less complex subject. Literally the term means "a web" (from = "to...
251. Joseph Massel JE Russian Jewish Hebraist; born at Ujasin, government of Wilna, 1850. He emigrated to England in the nineties and settled at...
252. Master And Servant JE The Pentateuch lays down the rule, in favor of the workman, that "the wages of him that is hired shall not abide with thee...
253. Moses Ben Abraham Mat JE Galician rabbi; born at Przemysl about 1550; died at Opatow 1606. After having studied Talmud and rabbinics under his uncle...
254. Matah Mehasya (mahseya) JE Town in southern Babylonia, near Sura (see Schechter,"Saadyana," p. 63, note 1). Sherira Gaon regarded the two places as identical...
255. Jacob Ben Solomon Matalon JE Turkish rabbinical scholar; lived at Salonica in the sixteenth century. According to De Rossi ("Dizionario," i. 135) the name...
256. Mordecai Matalon JE Rabbi of Salonica in the sixteenth century; uncle of Jacob b. Solomon Matalon. Besides being a prominent Talmudist, Matalon...
257. MaṬaṬron JE ...
258. Mater Synagogue JE ...
259. Mathematics JE The science that treats of the measurement of quantities and the ascertainment of their properties and relations. The necessity...
260. Mathias Of Cracow JE See Calahora. This article is Rated: 2.89 ...
261. Matriarchy JE A system of society in which descent and property are traced solely through females. It has been suggested that the prominence...
262. Mattaniah JE ...
263. Mattathias Maccabeus JE The originator of the Maccabean rebellion. His genealogy is given as follows in the First Book of Maccabees, the most authentic...
264. Mattathias B Simon JE Son of the Hasmonean prince Simon, whom he accompanied on his last journey, together with his brother Judah and his mother...
265. Joab Ben Jeremiah Mattersdorf JE Hungarian rabbi; died about 1807. Through the influence of Aaron Chorin, a disciple of his father, he became rabbi of Deutschkreuz...
266. Adam Rudolf Georg MatthÄi (simeon) JE German convert to Christianity; born at Fürth 1715; died at Nuremberg 1779. After having studied Talmud at Prague under...
267. Matthew JE ...
268. Matthias Ben Margalot JE Associated with Judah ben Zippori in the instigation of an uprising against Herod the Great (Josephus, "Ant." xvii. 6, &#167...
269. Matthias Ben Theophilus JE Name of two high priests. 1. The successor of Simon ben Boethus, and, unlike the other high priests appointed by Herod, who...
270. Mattithiah B Heresh JE Roman tanna of the second century; born in Judea; probably a pupil of R. Ishmael, and certainly a contemporary and friend...
271. Mattithiah B Isaac Of Chinon JE French scholar of the end of the thirteenth century. He was a pupil of R. Perez of Corbeil and a contemporary of Mordecai...
272. Mattithiah B Joseph The ProvenÇal JE Chief rabbi of Paris and of France from 1360 to 1385; son of Joseph b. Johanan of Treves, rabbi of Marseilles; pupil of Perez...
273. Mattithiah ḲarṬin JE Scholar of the fourteenth century. He translated into Hebrew verse the "Moreh Nebukim" of Maimonides in 1363 (comp. Wolf,...
274. Mattithiah Ben Moses Ben Mattithiah JE Spanish Talmudist; lived toward the end of the fourteenth century and at the beginning of the fifteenth. He was a member of...
275. Mattithiah Of Paris JE Head of the Talmudic school of Paris in the eleventh century and doubtless identical with Mattithiah b. Moses, one of Rashi&#39...
276. Maturity JE ...
277. Ascher Matzel JE Hungarian soldier and philanthropist; born 1763 at Stampfen, Hungary; died Nov. 22, 1842. At the age of seventeen he entered...
278. Charles Maurice JE Theatrical director; born at Agen, France, May 29, 1805; died in Hamburg Jan. 27, 1896. Maurice, who was of French descent...
279. Isacco Pesaro Maurogonato JE Italian legislator; born in Venice Nov. 26, 1817; died in Rome April 5, 1892. He was a member of a prominent family of Ferrara...
280. Leopold Mauschberger JE Biblical scholar of the eighteenth century. He was the author of commentaries on the Pentateuch and the Earlier Prophets (Olm&#252...
281. Fritz Mauthner JE Austrian poet, novelist, and satirist; born in Horitz, Bohemia, Nov. 22, 1849. He attended the Piarist gymnasium in Prague...
282. Julius Mauthner JE Austrian chemist; born in Vienna Sept. 26, 1852; educated at Vienna University (M.D. 1879), where he became privatdocent in...
283. Ludwig Mauthner JE Austrian ophthalmologist; born in Prague April 13, 1840; died in Vienna Oct. 20, 1894; educated at the University of Vienna...
284. Eduard Mautner JE German author and journalist; born at Budapest Nov. 13, 1824; died in Baden, near Vienna, July 2, 1889. His father, who was...
285. Maxims (legal) JE Short sayings in which principles of law of wide application are laid down. They are known to all systems of jurisprudence:...
286. Isaac May JE Rabbi of Lublin, Poland, in the latter half of the sixteenth century. Gaining the favor of Count Jenchinsky, the starost of...
287. Lewis May JE American merchant and banker; born in Worms Sept. 23, 1823; died at Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., July 22, 1897. He went to the United...
288. Mitchell May JE Member of the American House of Representatives; born in Brooklyn, N. Y., July 10, 1871; educated at the Brooklyn Polytechnic...
289. May Laws JE Temporary regulations concerning the Jews of Russia, proposed by Count Ignatiev, and sanctioned by the czar May 3 (15), 1882...
290. May Marriage JE ...
291. Siegmund Maybaum JE Rabbi in Berlin; born at Miskolcz, Hungary, April 29, 1844. He received his education at the yeshibot of Eisenstadt and Presburg...
292. Mayence JE German city in the grand duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt; on the left bank of the Rhine; the seat of an archbishop, who was formerly...
293. Abraham Mayer JE Belgian physician; born at Düsseldorf July 10, 1816; died at Antwerp March 1, 1899. After studying medicine at Bonn (M...
294. Constant Mayer JE French painter; born at Besançon Oct. 4. 1832. He became a pupil at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and of Léon Cogniet...
295. Elkan Mayer JE German army physician; born in Frankfort-on-the-Main (where his father was a physician), and took his degree at a German university...
296. Henry Mayer JE American caricaturist; born at Worms July 18, 1868. Mayer is the son of a Jewish merchant of London, but was educated at Worms...
297. Moritz Mayer JE German rabbi; born at Dürckheim-on-the-Hardt, Germany, Dec. 16, 1821; died at New York Aug. 28, 1867. He studied law...
298. Samuel Mayer JE German rabbi and lawyer; born at Hechingen Jan. 3, 1807; died there Aug. 1, 1875. He studied at the Talmud Torah in his native...
299. Sigmund Mayer JE Austrian physician; born at Bechtheim, Rhein-Hessen, Dec. 27, 1842. He studied at the universities of Heidelberg, Giessen...
300. Mayhem JE In English law, the offense of depriving a person of any limb, member, or organ by violence. The bearings of such an act in...