Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/P2

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1. Abraham B Elijah Ha-kohen Pikes JE German rabbi; mentioned in "Liḳḳuṭe Maharil," hilkots "Shabbat" and "Yom Kippur." He addressed two letters...
2. Pontius Pilate JE Fifth Roman procurator of Judea, Samaria, and Idumæa, from 26 to 36 of the common era; successor of Valerius Gratus....
3. Pilegesh JE A concubine recognized among the ancient Hebrews. She enjoyed the same rights in the house as the legitimate wife. Since it...
4. Pilgrimage JE A journey which is made to a shrine or sacred place in performance of a vow or for the sake of obtaining some form of divine...
5. Pillar JE The word "pillar" is used in the English versions of the Bible as an equivalent for the following Hebrew words:(1) "Omenot...
6. Pillar Of Fire JE The Israelites during their wanderings through the desert were guided in the night-time by a pillar of fire to give them light...
7. Daniel Pillitz JE ...
8. Pilpul JE A method of Talmudic study. The word is derived from the verb "pilpel" (lit. "to spice," "to season," and in a metaphorical...
9. Pilsen JE City in Bohemia. According to documents of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, Jews were then living in Pilsen, and they...
10. Sara De Fonseca Pina Y Pimentel JE Poetess of Spanish descent; lived in England in the early part of the eighteenth century, as did also Abraham Henriques Pimentel...
11. Pin JE ...
12. De Pina JE Portuguese Marano family some members of which were able to escape the Inquisition and to confess Judaism openly in Amsterdam...
13. Eliezer B Judah Pinczow JE Polish rabbi; flourished at the end of the seventeenth century; grandson of R. Ẓebi Hirsch, rabbi of Lublin. He was...
14. Elijah B Moses Ger-shon Pinczow JE Polish physician and Talmudist of the eighteenth century. He was the author of: "Meleket Maḥashebet," part i., "Ir &#7716...
15. Joseph B Jacob Pinczow JE Polish rabbi and author; flourished in Poland in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; descendant of R. Jacob Pollak,...
16. Samson Pine (pnie) JE German translator of the fourteenth century. He was probably born at Peine, a city in the province of Hanover, whencehis name...
17. Hirsch Mendel Pineles JE Austrian scholar; born at Tysmenitz, Galicia, Dec. 21, 1805; died at Galatz, Rumania, Aug. 6, 1870. After having studied Talmud...
18. Arthur Wing Pinero (pinheiros) JE English dramatist; born in London May 24, 1855; eldest son of John Daniel Pinero. He is descended from a Sephardic family...
19. Elijah B Aaron Pines JE Rabbi at Shklov, government of Moghilef, Russia, in the eighteenth century; descendant of the families of Jacob Polak and...
20. Jehiel Michael Pines JE Russian Talmudist and Hebraist; born at Rozhany, government of Grodno, Sept. 26, 1842. He was the son of Noah Pines and the...
21. Jacob Pinhas JE German journalist and communal worker; born Aug., 1788; died in Cassel Dec. 8, 1861. He was the son of Salomon (1757-1837)...
22. Moses Pinheiro JE One of the most influential pupils and followers of Shabbethai Ẓebi; lived at Leghorn in the seventeenth century. He...
23. PinḲes JE Term generally denoting the register of any Jewish community, in which the proceedings of and events relating to the community...
24. Herman Pinkhof JE Dutch physician; born at Rotterdam May 10, 1863; educated at the University of Leyden (M.D. 1886). He established himself...
25. Pinne JE City in the province of Posen, Germany. Jews are first mentioned there in 1553, in connection with a "privilegium" issued...
26. Adolf Pinner JE German chemist; born at Wronke, Posen, Germany, Aug. 31, 1842; educated at the Jewish Theological Seminary at Breslau and...
27. Ephraim Moses B Alex-ander SÜsskind Pinner JE German Talmudist and archeologist; born in Pinne about 1800; died in Berlin 1880. His first work, bearing the pretentious...
28. Pinsk JE Russian city in the government of Minsk, Russia. There were Jews in Pinsk prior to the sixteenth century, and there may have...
29. Dob BÄr B Nathan Pinsker JE Polish Talmudist of the eighteenth century. He was a descendant of Nathan Spira of Cracow, and the author of the Talmudical...
30. Lev (lev Semionovich) Pinsker JE Russian physician; born at Tomashev, government of Piotrkow (Piotrikov), Poland, 1821; son of Sim-ḥah Pinsker; died...
31. Simhah Pinsker JE Polish Hebrew scholar and archeologist; born at Tarnopol, Galicia, March 17, 1801; died at Odessa Oct. 29, 1864. He received...
32. Pinto JE Family of financiers, rabbis, scholars, soldiers, and communal workers, originally from Portugal. Members of it lived in Syria...
33. Piotrkow JE Town in Russian Poland, near Warsaw. For some time Piotrkow was the seat of the Polish diet. At the diet of 1538, held there...
34. Piove Di Sacco JE Small Italian city in the district of Padua; the first in that territory to admit Jews. A loan-bank was opened there by an...
35. Pipe JE Musical instrument akin to the flute. The flute was a favorite instrument of the ancients. The monuments show flutes of various...
36. Settimio Piperno JE Italian economist: born at Rome 1834. He is (1905) professor of statistics and political economy in the Technical Institute...
37. Pirbright, Henry De Worms, Bar-on JE English statesman; born in London 1840; died at Guildford, Surrey, Jan. 9, 1903; third son of Solomon Benedict de Worms, a...
38. Pirhe Ẓafon JE ...
39. PirḲe Abot JE ...
40. PirḲe De-rabbi Eli'ezer JE Haggadicmidrashic work on Genesis, part of Exodus, and a few sentences of Numbers; ascribed to R. Eliezer b. Hyrcanus, and...
41. Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov JE Russian physician and pedagogue; born 1810; died Nov., 1881. He was professor at the University of Dorpat. As a statesman...
42. Pisa JE Town in Tuscany, Italy, at the mouth of the River Arno; formerly a port of the TyrrhenianSea. The settlement of Jews in Pisa...
43. Da Pisa JE Italian family, deriving its name from the city of Pisa. It can be traced back to the fifteenth century. Abraham ben Isaac...
44. Pisgah JE Mountain in Moab, celebrated as one of the stations of the Israelites in their journey through that country (Num. xxi. 20)...
45. Ha- Pisgah JE ...
46. Pistachio-nut JE ...
47. Pithom JE One of the cities which, according to Ex. i. 11, was built for the Pharaoh of the oppression by the forced labor of the Israelites...
48. Pittsburg JE Second largest city in the state of Pennsylvania. With Allegheny, the twin-city on the north side of the Allegheny River,...
49. Pius Iv (gian Angelo Medici) JE Pope from 1559 to 1565. He was a Milanese of humble origin. and became cardinal under Paul III., through the latter's...
50. PiyyuṬ JE Hymn added to the older liturgy that developed during the Talmudic era and up to the seventh century. The word is derived...
51. Pizmon JE Hymn with a refrain; usually the chief poem in the scheme of seliḥot sung or recited by the cantor and congregation...
52. David Ben Elie-zer Ha-levi Pizzighettone JE Italian Talmudist and physician; flourished in the first half of the sixteenth century. As physician he was active in. Cremona...
53. Abraham Marcus Pjurko JE Russian Hebraist and pedagogue; born at Lomza Feb. 15, 1853. After having studied Talmud and rabbinics, he devoted himself...
54. Place-names JE The geographical names of Palestine are not so often susceptible of interpretation as the personal names, which frequently...
55. Abraham Placzek JE Austrian rabbi; born at-Prerau Jan., 1799; died at Boskowitz Dec. 10, 1884. In 1827 he became rabbi in his native city, and...
56. Baruch Jacob Placzek JE Austrian rabbi; born at Weisskirchen, Moravia, Oct. 1, 1835; son and successor of Abraham Placzek. In 1858 he founded a high...
57. Plague JE Word which is used in the English versions of the Bible as a rendering of several Hebrew words, all closely related in meaning...
58. Plants JE The following names of plants and plant materials are found in the Old Testament: see [The plant-names in this table follow...
59. Platon (plaṬyon) Of Rome JE Scholar of the second century C.E. Like Todos (Theodorus) the Roman, his probable contemporary, Platon sought to inspire his...
60. Pledges JE The law against taking pledges for debt is drawn from the following passages: "No man shall take the mill or the upper millstone...
61. Pleiades JE The word "Kimah," which occurs in three passages in the Bible (Job ix. 9, xxxviii. 31, and Amos v. 8), each time in connection...
62. Elias Plessner JE German rabbi; son of Solomon Plessner; born Feb. 19, 1841, at Berlin; died at Ostrowo March 30, 1898. He studied at the University...
63. Solomon Plessner JE German preacher and Bible commentator; born at Breslau April 23, 1797; died at Posen Aug. 28, 1883. Having lost his father...
64. Solomon Pletsch JE German physician of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries; a native of Regensburg. Pletsch was in 1394 appointed city surgeon...
65. Plock (plotzk) JE Government in Russian Poland, with a Jewish population (1897) of 50,473 (in a total population of 553,094), which is the smallest...
66. Julius Plotke JE German lawyer and communal worker; born at Borek, province of Posen, Oct. 5, 1857; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main Sept. 27...
67. Plowing JE No description of the plow ("maḥareshet") is found in the Bible; but it may be assumed with certainty that the implement...
68. Plum JE ...
69. Plungian JE Old town in the government of Kovno, district of Telshi, Russia. Among the earlier rabbis of Plungian were Jacob b. &#7826...
70. Morde-cai (marcus) Plungian (plungianski) JE Russian Hebraist and author; born at Plungian, in the government of Wilna, 1814; died at Wilna Nov. 28, 1883. He was a descendant...
71. Plymouth JE Seaport in the county of Devon, England; one of the principal ports of that country. A few Jewish families were living there...
72. Pobyedonostzev JE ...
73. Ju-dah LÖb Ben Joseph Pochowitzer (puchowitzer) JE Russian rabbi and preacher; flourished at Pinsk in the latter part of the seventeenth century; died in Palestine, whither...
74. Edward Pocock JE English Christian Orientalist and theologian; born at Oxford Nov. 8, 1604; died there Sept. 12, 1691. He studied Oriental...
75. David Podiebrad JE Austrian writer; born in 1816; died Aug. 2, 1882. He received his education in the yeshibah of Prague and by private tuition...
76. Podivin JE ...
77. Podolia JE Government in southwestern Russia, on the Austrian frontier (Galicia). It is a center of many important events in the history...
78. Poetry JE The question whether the literature of the ancient Hebrews includes portions that may be called poetry is answered by the...
79. Jacob (joseph) B Mor-decai Poggetti JE Italian Talmudist and writer on religious ethics; born at Asti, Piedmont; flourished in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries...
80. Messola Pogorelsky JE Russian physician and writer; born at Bobruisk March 7, 1862; educated at the gymnasium of his native town; studied medicine...
81. Pogromy JE ...
82. Poimanniki JE ...
83. Poitiers JE French city; capital of the department of Vienne. In 1236 the Jews of Poitiers and the adjacent country were harried by the...
84. Poitou JE Ancient province of France. Several Jewish communities were founded there in the twelfth century, notably those of Niort,...
85. Pola JE ...
86. Vittorio Polacco JE Italian jurist of Polish descent; born at Padua May 10, 1859. Since 1884 he has been professor of civil law at the University...
87. Gabriel Jacob Polak JE Talmudist and bibliographer; born June 3, 1803; died May 14, 1869, at Amsterdam, where he was principal of a school. He was...
88. Henri Polak JE Dutch labor-leader and politician; born at Amsterdam Feb. 22, 1868. Till his thirteenth year he attended the school conducted...
89. Herman Josef Polak JE Dutch philologist; born Sept. 1, 1844, at Leyden; educated at the university of that city (Ph.D. 1869). From 1866 to 1869...
90. Jakob Eduard Polak JE Austrian physician; born 1818 at Gross-Morzin, Bohemia; died Oct. 7, 1891; studied at Prague and Vienna (M.D.). About 1851...
91. Poland JE ...
92. Polemics And Polemical Literature JE Although pagan nations as a rule were not prone to intolerance in matters of religion, they were so with regard to Judaism...
93. Polemon Ii JE King, first of the Pontus and the Bosporus, then of the Pontus and Cilicia, and lastly of Cilicia alone; died in 74 C.E. Together...
94. Police Laws JE Laws regulating intercourse among citizens, and embracing the care and preservation of the public peace, health, safety, morality...
95. David Polido JE ...
96. Polisher JÜdel JE ...
97. Adam Politzer JE Austrian aurist; born at Alberti-Irsa, Hungary, Oct. 1, 1835; studied medicine at the University of Vienna, receiving his...
98. Isaac B Joseph Polkar JE ...
99. Poll-tax JE The custom of taxing a population at a certain amount per head dates back to very ancient times. The first time such a tax...
100. Pollak, A M, Ritter Von Rudin JE Austrian manufacturer and philanthropist; born at Wescheraditz, Bohemia, in 1817; died at Vienna June 1, 1884. Pollak was...
101. Jacob Pollak JE Founder of the Polish method of halakic and Talmudic study known as the Pilpul; born about 1460; died at Lublin 1541. He was...
102. Joachim (hayyim Joseph) Pollak JE Austrian rabbi; born in Hungary in 1798; died at Trebitsch, Moravia, Dec. 16, 1879, where he officiated as rabbi from 1828...
103. Kaim Pollak JE Hungarian writer; born at Liptó-Szent-Miklós Oct. 6, 1835; educated in the Talmud at his native city, at Presburg...
104. Leopold Pollak JE Genre- and portrait-painter; born at Lodenitz, Bohemia, Nov. 8, 1806; died at Rome Oct. 16, 1880. He studied under Bergler...
105. Ludwig Pollak JE Austrian archeologist; born in Prague Sept. 14, 1868 (Ph.D. Vienna, 1893). In 1893 he was sent for a year by the Austrian...
106. Pollak, Moriz, Ritter Von Borkenau JE Austrian financier; born at Vienna Dec. 24, 1827; died there Aug. 20, 1904. After leaving the gymnasium of his native city...
107. Adolph Pollitzer JE Violinist; born at Budapest July 23, 1832; died in London Nov. 14, 1900. In 1842 he left Budapest for Vienna, where he studied...
108. AmÉlie Pollonais JE French philanthropist; born at Marseilles in 1835; died at Cap Ferrat July 24, 1898; daughter of Joseph Jonas Cohen, and wife...
109. Gaston Pollonais JE French journalist; born at Paris May 31, 1865; son of Désiré Pollonais, mayor of Villefranche, and of Amélie...
110. Polna Affair JE An accusation of ritual murder in Polna resulting from the murder of Agnes Hruza March 29, 1899. Polna, a city in the district...
111. Polonnoye JE Town in the district of Novograd, Volhynia, Russia. It was a fortified place in the middle of the seventeenth century, when...
112. Polotsk (polotzk) JE District town in the government of Vitebsk, Russia. The first mention of its Jewish community occurs in 1551, when, at the...
113. Phinehas B Judah Polotsk JE Polish commentator on the Bible; lived at Polotsk, Poland, in the eighteenth century. He wrote commentaries on four books...
114. Poltava JE Government of Little Russia, which came under Russian domination in 1764, and whose present organization was established in...
115. Polygamy JE The fact or condition of having more than one wife or husband at a time; usually, the practise of having a plurality of wives...
116. Polyglot Bible JE ...
117. Pomegranate JE A tree of the myrtle family. The pomegranate was carried into Egypt in very early historic times (comp. Num. xx. 5), and was...
118. De Pomis JE An old Italian Jewish family which claimed descent from King David. According to a legend, reproduced by De Pomis in the introduction...
119. Pompey The Great JE Roman general who subjected Judea to Rome. In the year 65 B.C., during his victorious campaign through Asia Minor, he sent...
120. Poniewicz (ponevyezh) JE District city in the government of Kovno, Russia. In 1780 CountNikolai Tyszkiewicz by cutting down a forest that lay between...
121. Lorenzo Da (jeremiah Conegliano) Ponte JE Italian-American man of letters, composer, and teacher; born at Ceneda, Italy, 1749; died 1837. He belonged to a well-known...
122. Pontoise JE French town; capital of an arrondissement in the department of Seine-et-Oise. It contained a Jewish community as early as...
123. Benjamin Pontremoli JE Turkish rabbinical writer; lived at Smyrna at the end of the eighteenth century. He was the author of a work entitled "Shebe&#7789...
124. Esdra Pontremoli JE Italian rabbi, poet, and educationist; born at Ivrea 1818; died in 1888; son of Eliseo Pontremoli, rabbi of Nizza, where a...
125. Hiyya Pontremoli JE Turkish rabbinical author; died at Smyrna in 1832; son of Benjamin Pontremoli. Ḥiyya Pontremoli wrote, among other works...
126. Relief Of Poor JE ...
127. Poor Laws JE ...
128. The Popes JE The Roman Church does not claim any jurisdiction over persons who have not been baptized; therefore the relations of the popes...
129. PoppÆa Sabina JE Mistress and, after 62 C.E., second wife of the emperor Nero; died 65. She had a certain predilection for Judaism, and is...
130. David Popper JE Austrian violoncellist; born at Prague June 18, 1845; a pupil of Goltermann at the Conservatorium in that city. At the age...
131. Josef Popper JE Austrian engineer and author; born Feb. 22, 1838, at Kolin, Bohemia. Besides essays on machinery published in the "Sitzungsberichte...
132. Siegfried Popper JE Austrian naval constructor; born at Prague 1848. Educated at the polytechnic high schools of Prague and Carlsruhe, he worked...
133. William Popper JE American Orientalist; born at St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 29, 1874; educated at the public schools of Brooklyn, N. Y., the College...
134. Wilma Popper JE Hungarian authoress; born at Raab, Hungary, May 11, 1857; educated in her native town. She commenced to write at an early...
135. Jacob Ben Benjamin Cohen Poppers JE German rabbi; born at Prague in the middle of the seventeenth century; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1740. His father,...
136. MeÏr Ben Judah LÖb Ha-kohen Ashkenazi Poppers JE Bohemian rabbi and cabalist; born at Prague; died at Jerusalem in Feb. or March, 1662. He studied the Cabala under Israel...
137. PopulÄr-wissenschaftliche MonatsblÄtter JE ...
138. Porcupine JE Rendering adopted by many commentators for the Hebrew "ḳippod," for which the English versions have correctly Bittern...
139. Aaron B Benjamin Porges (porjes) JE Rabbi in Prague in the seventeenth century. Under the title "Zikron Aharon" he wrote an introduction to the "Ḳi&#7827...
140. Moses Ben Israel Naphtali Hirsch Porges JE Rabbinical author; lived at Jerusalem at the beginning of the seventeenth century. He was the author of "Darke Ẓiyyon"...
141. Nathan Porges JE German rabbi; born at Prossnitz, Moravia, Dec. 21, 1848. He was educated in his native town, at the gymnasium at Olm&#252...
142. Porges Von Portheim JE Prominent Bohemian family of which the following members won particular distinction:Joseph Porges, Edler von Portheim: Austrian...
143. Porging JE The cutting away of forbidden fat and veins from kasher meat. The Mosaic law emphatically forbids the eating of the fat and...
144. Pork JE ...
145. Portaleone JE Jewish family of northern Italy, which probably derived its name from the quarter of Portaleone, situated in the vicinity...
146. Comte Joseph Marie Portalis JE ...
147. Portland JE ...
148. Porto (oporto) JE Capital of the Portuguese province of Entre-Douro-e-Minho. After Lisbon it possessed in former times the largest Jewish congregation...
149. Porto JE ...
150. Porto JE Italian family of which the following members are noteworthy: Abraham b. Jehiel ha-Kohen Porto: Italian scholar; flourished...
151. George De Porto-riche JE French poet and dramatist; born of Italian parents at Bordeaux in 1849. He entered a banking-house at an early age, but was...
152. Portsea JE ...
153. Portsmouth JE English fortified seaport on the coast of Hampshire. The Portsmouth (Portsea) congregation is one of the oldest in the English...
154. Portugal JE Kingdom in the southwest of Europe. The condition of its Jews, whose residence in the country is contemporaneous with that...
155. Benjamin Osipovich Portugalov JE Russian physician and author; born at Poltava 1835; died at Samara 1896. After studying medicine at the universities of Kharkov...
156. PoseḲim JE ...
157. Posen JE Province of Prussia; formerly a part of the kingdom of Poland, it was annexed by the former country after the partition of...
158. PÖsing JE Small town in the county of Presburg, where on May 27, 1529 (Friday, Siwan 13), thirty Jews were burned to death on the accusation...
159. Adolf Posnanski JE Austrian rabbi; born at Lubraniec, near Warsaw, June 3, 1854; educated at the gymnasium, the university, and the rabbinical...
160. Carl Posner JE German physician and medical writer; born at Berlin Dec. 16, 1854; son of Louis Posner; educated at the universities of Berlin...
161. David Ben Naphtali Herz Posner JE Polish Talmudic compiler; lived about the middle of the seventeenth century in Posen, and later in Krotoschin. He was the...
162. Karl Ludwig Von Posner JE Hungarian manufacturer; born 1822; died 1887 at Budapest. In 1852 he founded the largest printing, lithographing, and bookbinding...
163. MeÏr Posner JE Prussian rabbi; born 1735; died at Danzig Feb. 3, 1807. He was rabbi of the Schottland congregation in Danzig from 1782 till...
164. Solomon Zalman Posner JE Polish rabbi: born at Landsberg about 1778 (?); died in Loslau in 1863; son of Joseph Landsberg, rabbi of Posen. At Solomon&#39...
165. PosquiÈres JE Town in the department of the Gard, France, where Jews are known to have lived since the twelfth century. When Benjamin of...
166. Posrednik JE ...
167. Ernst Von Possart JE German actor and author; born at Berlin May 11, 1841. When seventeen years old he was apprenticed to the Schroeder'sche...
168. Felix Possart JE German landscape and genre painter; born in Berlin March 7, 1837. He at first intended to pursue a juridical career, and held...
169. Abraham Abele Posveller JE ...
170. Moses Potchi JE Karaite scholar; lived at Constantinople in the second half of the sixteenth century. He belonged to the Maruli family, the...
171. Potiphar JE Name of an Egyptian officer. The form "Potiphar" is probably an abbreviation of "Potiphera"; the two are treated as identical...
172. Count Valentine (abraham B Abraham) Potocki (pototzki) JE Polish nobleman and convert to Judaism; burned at the stake at Wilna May 24, 1749. There are several versions of the remarkable...
173. Potsdam JE City in the Prussian province of Brandenburg. It was the residence of the electors of Brandenburg; and here the Great Elector...
174. Pottery JE There can be no doubt that the Israelites first learned the art of making pottery on Palestinian soil. The nomad in his continual...
175. Poultry JE The rearing of domestic fowl for various uses became a part of Palestinian husbandry only after the return from Babylon (see...
176. Poverty JE Condition or proportion of poor in a population. Although the riches of the Jews have passed into a proverb, all social observers...
177. Power Of Attorney JE ...
178. Samuel Poznanski JE Arabist, Hebrew bibliographer, and authority on modern Karaism; rabbi and preacher at the Polish synagogue in Warsaw; born...
179. Moses Prado JE Christian convert to Judaism; lived in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, first at Marburg, Germany, and later at Salonica...
180. PrÆfectus JudÆorum JE ...
181. Jacob Prag JE Professor of Hebrew and rabbi at Liverpool; born at Danzig 1816; died at Liverpool Dec., 1881. He studied at the rabbinical...
182. Joseph Prag JE English communal and Zionist worker; born at Liverpool in 1859; educated at the Liverpool Institute and at Queen's College...
183. Moses PrÄger JE ...
184. Prague JE Capital of Bohemia; the first Bohemian city in which Jews settled. Reference to them is found as early as 906, when the Jew...
185. Prat Maimon JE ...
186. Prayer JE From the earliest epochs recorded in the Bible profound distress or joyous exaltation found expression in prayer. However...
187. Prayer-books JE The collection, in one book, of the year's prayers for week-days, Sabbaths, holy days, and fast-days is generally known...
188. Prayer-motives JE ...
189. Preaching JE ...
190. Precedence JE Priority and preference given to individuals as a matter of established rule or etiquette. The superiority of the husband...
191. Precentor JE ...
192. Precious Stones JE ...
193. Predestination JE The belief that the destiny of man is determined beforehand by God. "Predestination" in this sense is not to be confounded...
194. Preexistence JE Existence previous to earthly life or to Creation, attributed in apocryphal and rabbinical writings to persons and things...
195. Preexistence Of The Soul JE ...
196. Prefaces And Dedications JE The general Hebrew name for a preface is "haḳdamah." The saying "A book without a preface is like a body without a soul"...
197. Pregnancy JE ...
198. Premeditation JE ...
199. Shabbethai Premsla JE Galician grammarian and scribe of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; lived at Przemysl. He was the author of a commentary...
200. Prerau JE Town in Moravia. The Judengasse of Prerau is mentioned as early as Charles IV. (1339-1349), but the settlement of Jews in...
201. Benjamin Wolf Prerau JE Moravian Hebraist; lived at Prerau in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He published Bedersi's "Baḳ&#7731...
202. Presburg JE City of Hungary, situated on the River Danube. Its location on a commercial highroad makes it probable that its Jewish community...
203. Presbyter JE From the time of Moses down to the Talmudic period the "zeḳenim" (elders) are mentioned as constituting a regular communal...
204. Presbyter JudÆorum JE Chief official of the Jews of England in pre-expulsion times. The office appears to have been for life, though in two or three...
205. Moses Alexandrovich Press JE Russian engineer and technologist; born 1861; died at Sankt Blasien 1901. After passing through the St. Petersburg Institute...
206. La Presse IsraÉlite JE ...
207. Prester John JE ...
208. Birds Of Prey JE While few clean birds are named in the Old Testament (see Poultry), there are given in Lev. xi. (13-19) and Deut. xiv. (12-21)...
209. Alfred Pribram (przibram) JE Austrian physician; born at Prague May 11, 1841; educated at the university of his native city (M.D. 1861). He established...
210. Richard PŘibram JE Austrian chemist; born at Prague April 21, 1847; educated at the Polytechnic and the University of Prague, and at the University...
211. Julius Mendes Price JE English traveler, artist, and journalist; born in London about 1858; educated at University College (London), at Brussels...
212. Humphrey Prideaux JE English Orientalist; born at Padstow, Cornwall, May 3, 1648; died at Norwich Nov. 1, 1724; educated at Christchurch, Oxford...
213. Priest JE One consecrated to the service of the sanctuary and, more particularly, of the altar. This definition, however, holds true...
214. Priestly Code JE Name given by modern scholars to that stratum of the Pentateuch which deals with ceremonial regulations, especially those...
215. Aryeh LÖb Priluk (przyluk; Purlik; Frilock) JE Polish author of the seventeenth century. He wrote a commentary on the Zohar from the pericope "Shemot" to "Ḥu&#7731...
216. Samuel Primo JE Shabbethaian sectary of the seventeenth century; born in Jerusalem; died probably at Constantinople. He was one of the earliest...
217. Primogeniture JE In the Old Testament as well as in the rabbinical legislation a distinction is made between the first-born of inheritance...
218. Princeps JudÆorum JE ...
219. Princes Of The Captivity JE ...
220. Principal And Agent JE ...
221. Nathaniel Pringsheim JE German botanist; born at Wziesko, Oberschlesien, Nov. 30,1823; died at Berlin Oct. 6, 1894. He was educated at the Friedrichs-Gymnasium...
222. Printers; Printing JE ...
223. Printers' Marks JE Signets, coats of arms, or pictures printed, from engravings, at the end of a book or, later, on the title-page. Their use...
224. Priority JE The rules as to priority among deeds conveying the lands of a grantor, or among bonds operating as liens upon all the obligor&#39...
225. Prison JE ...
226. Right Of Privacy JE See Joint Owners; Neighboring Landowners. This article is Rated: 2...
227. Private Way JE ...
228. Procedure In Civil Causes JE Jewish jurisprudence, both in Biblical and in Talmudic times, attached the greatest importance to the laws of property and...
229. Process JE ...
230. Procurator Ad Capitularia JudÆorum JE ...
231. Procurators JE Title of the governors who were appointed by Rome over Judea after the banishment of Archelaus in the year 6 C.E., and over...
232. Production Of Documents JE ...
233. Profanation And Profanity JE See Cursing; Desecration. This article is Rated: 2.66 ...
234. Professions (statistics) JE Until quite recent times the Jews were debarred from all professional occupations except that of medicine. Till entrance to...
235. Profiat JE Name used by Jews in Provence and northern Spain. In Hebrew it is written in various forms: , ; or , with the substitution...
236. Prognostication JE ...
237. Prometheus JE See Adam; Fire. This article is Rated: 2.62 ...
238. Promissory Notes JE ...
239. Pronunciation, Modern, Of Hebrew JE Like Syriac, and probably under its influence, Hebrew has been handed down with a twofold pronunciation, the Ashkenazic and...
240. Proof JE ...
241. Propaganda Literature JE ...
242. Property JE ...
243. False Prophet JE Deuteronomy is the only book containing laws concerning the false prophet (xiii. 2-6 [A. V. 1-5], xviii. 20-22). He is designated...
244. Prophets And Prophecy JE Though many ancient peoples had their prophets, the term has received its popular acceptation from Israel alone, because,...
245. Prosbul JE An abbreviated form of the Greek phrase πρὸς βουλῇ βου&#955...
246. Proselyte JE Term employed generally, though not exclusively, in the Septuagint as a rendering for the Hebrew word "ger," designating a...
247. Moser Proser JE Russian Hebraist; born at Keidani, government of Kovno, Jan. 1, 1840. Proser pursued the conventional course of Hebrew education...
248. Proskurov JE Russian town, in the government of Podolia. The Jewish community there has one large and eight smaller synagogues, and a Talmud...
249. Prossnitz JE Austrian manufacturing town, in the province of Moravia. Probably its earliest Jewish settlement dated from the latter half...
250. LÖbele (prosṬiẒ) Prossnitz JE Cabalistic impostor; born about the end of the seventeenth century at Brody, Galicia; died about 1750. He left his native...
251. Abraham Ben David ProvenÇal JE ...
252. Moses Ben Abraham ProvenÇal JE ...
253. Provence JE Province of ancient France lying between the Rhone, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Maritime Alps, although medieval Jewish...
254. Proverbs JE Wise, witty, and pithy maxims or aphorisms. Jewish proverbs are derived from the following sources: (1) Biblical collections...
255. Book Of Proverbs JE One of the Ketubim, or Hagiographa, belonging to the group of "Ḥokmah," or "Wisdom" books. The Masoretic superscription...
256. Midrash To Proverbs JE Haggadic midrash to Proverbs, first mentioned, under the title "Midrash Mishle," by R. Hananeel b. Ḥushiel (first half...
257. Providence JE The term occurs only in the Apocryphal books (Wisdom xiv. 3, xvii. 2), and has no equivalent in Biblical Hebrew, the later...
258. Providence JE ...
259. Provins JE French town, in the department of Seine-et-Marne. Jews were settled there as early as the twelfth century. Thibaut, Count...
260. Prussia JE Kingdom and the largest unit of the German empire. The kingdom of Prussia grew out of the margravate of Brandenburg, which...
261. Pruzhany JE Russian town in the government of Grodno. It had a Jewish community at the end of the sixteenth century, when Joel Sirkes...
262. Przemysl JE City of Galicia; once the capital of Red Russia. While Przemysl is referred toby the Russian chronicler Nestor in the year...
263. Psalmomancy JE The employment of the Psalms in incantations. The general use of the Bible for magic purposes has been discussed under Bibliomancy...
264. Psalms JE Name derived from the Greek ψαλμός (plural ψαλμοί), which signifies...
265. Midrash To (midrash Tehillim) Psalms JE Haggadic midrash, known since the eleventh century, when it was quoted by Nathan of Rome in his "'Aruk" (s.v. ), by R...
266. The Psalms Of Solomon JE Pseudepigraphic work not contained in the Septuagint (and therefore not included in the Apocrypha). At present it exists only...
267. Psaltery JE ...
268. Jacob Ben Zelig Psantir JE Rumanian historical writer; born at Botoshani June 6, 1820; died in Bucharest March 22, 1901. From his childhood he devoted...
269. Pseudepigrapha JE Literally "books having false titles," fraudulently or erroneously ascribed to the authors whose names they bear. "Thus Dionysius...
270. Pseudo-artapanus JE ...
271. Pseudo-messiahs JE Persons who claim to be the deliverers of Israel divinely appointed to bring about the establishment of the promised Messianic...
272. Pseudo-phocylides JE A Judæo-Hellenistic poet and the author of a didactic poem in epic style of 250 verses. He assumed the name of the ancient...
273. Pseudonymous Literature And Writers JE The habit of adopting literary disguises is a very old one in Hebrew literature. According to the views of higher criticism...
274. Ptolemy JE Prince (tetrarch) of Iturea and Chalcis from about 85 to 40 B.C., in which year he died; son of Mennæus. He tried to...
275. Ptolemy I JE At first satrap (322-307 B.C.), then king (305-285), of Egypt. He founded the dynasty of the Ptolemies, which, from his father&#39...
276. Ptolemy Ii JE King of Egypt from 285 to 247 B.C. He continued the struggle for Cœle-Syria and Palestine and established himself permanently...
277. Ptolemy Iii JE King of Egypt from 247 to 222 B.C.; referred to in Dan. xi. 7-9. According to that passage, the Egyptian king made great conquests...
278. Ptolemy Iv JE King of Egypt from 222 to 205 B.C.; hero of the events described in Dan. xi. 11-12. The passage in question refers to battles...
279. Ptolemy V JE King of Egypt from 205 to 182 B.C. He was a child of five when he came to the throne. The protracted struggle for the possession...
280. Ptolemy Vii JE King of Egypt from 182 to 146 B.C.; eldest son of Ptolemy V. With him the power over Egypt passes into unworthy hands. Philometor...
281. Ptolemy Ix JE King of Egypt from 146 to 117 B.C. After the death of Ptolemy Philometor, his brother, Euergetes II., tried to overthrow his...
282. Ptolemy Macron JE General of King Antiochus Epiphanes of Syria; sent by the prefect Lysins with two other generals, Nicanor and Gorgias, to...
283. Puah JE One of the two midwives who were ordered by Pharaoh to kill all the Hebrew male children (Ex. i. 15). Philo ("Quis Rerum Divinarum...
284. Age Of Puberty JE ...
285. Publican JE Local tax-farmer; the office existed among the Jews under the Roman dominion. The Romans were accustomed to farm out, generally...
286. Solomon Pucher JE Rabbi; born 1829 at Neustadt-Sherwint, Poland; died Nov. 23, 1899, at Riga. Educated at the yeshibah of Georgenburg and at...
287. Judah LÖb B Joseph Parzower Puchowitzer JE Russian rabbi, cabalist, and author; lived in the last quarter of the seventeenth century. He was rabbi at Pinsk, and in his...
288. PÜckler-muskau, Walter, Count JE German anti-Semitic agitator; born Oct. 9, 1860, at Rogan, near Breslau. He graduated from the University of Breslau with...
289. Pugilism JE ...
290. Pul JE A usurper who ascended the throne of Babylonia in 745 B.C. and reigned until 737; identical with Tiglath-pileser III. He appears...
291. Isaac Ben Joseph Ibn Pulgar JE ...
292. Joseph Pulitzer JE American editor and journalist; born April 10, 1847, at Budapest. Hungary; educated privately. In 1863 he left his native...
293. Pulpit JE In the earliest time a post ("'ammud" was used instead of a pulpit; from it the king spoke to the people, and from it...
294. Pumbedita JE ...
295. Aaron Elijah B Aryeh LÖb Pumpianski JE Russian government rabbi and author; born at Wilna in 1835; died at Riga April 26, 1893. He graduated from the rabbinical...
296. Punctuation JE When the Biblical text received its final form in the schools of Palestine during the first and second centuries, and the...
297. Punishment JE It has been shown in the articles Capital Punishment, Crime, Homicide, and Stripes that a court may inflict for the violation...
298. Pupils And Teachers JE ...
299. Purchase And Sale JE ...
300. Purchase Under Mistake JE ...
301. Purgatory JE An intermediate state through which souls are to pass in order to be purified from sin before they are admitted into the heavenly...
302. Purification JE ...
303. Purim JE Jewish feast celebrated annually on the l4th, and in Shushan, Persia, also on the 15th, of Adar, in commemoration of the deliverance...
304. Purim Plays JE Jewish folk-comedies, written for performance in Jewish family circles or before a Jewish public during the month of Adar...
305. Special Purims JE Certain fast- and feast-days specially observed in some Jewish communities, in imitation of the national Purim, to commemorate...
306. Purity Of Race JE The question whether the Jews of to-day are in the main descended from the Jews of Bible times, and from them alone, is still...
307. Purple JE Mention is made in the Old Testament of two kinds of purple, or purple dye: (1) "argaman" (Aramaic, "argevan"; Greek, &#960...
308. Pygarg JE Clean animal mentioned in Deut. xiv. 5, following the Septuagint. The identity of the animal has not been established.Bibliography:...
309. Lionel Edward Pyke JE English barrister; born at Chatham April 21, 1854; died in Brighton March 26, 1899. He was the second son of Joseph Pyke,...