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1. Naamah JE Daughter of Lamech and Zillah and sister of Tubal-cain (Gen. iv. 22). According to Abba b. Kahana, Naamah was Noah's wife...
2. Naaman JE Syrian general whose miraculous recovery from leprosy is told in II Kings v. The name, meaning "pleasantness," is held by...
3. Isaac Naar JE Ḥakam, and, according to De Barrios, physician of the seventeenth century; born at Amsterdam; studied with Moses Zacuto...
4. Naasites JE ...
5. Nabal JE Calebite noble who appears in one of the incidents which marked David's wanderings (I Sam. xxv.). Nabal was a man of great...
6. NabatÆans JE Semitic tribe or group of tribes which overran the ancient Edomite country and established a kingdom which extended from Damascus...
7. Nablus JE ...
8. Nabon JE Turkish family which, from the seventeenth century onward, produced several rabbinical writers. It had several branches, of...
9. Nabopolassar JE ...
10. Naboth JE Jezreelite of the time of Ahab, King of Israel; owner of a small plot of ground near Jezreel (II Kings ix. 21, 25-26) and...
11. Nadab JE Eldest son of Aaron and Elisheba; one of the leaders of the children of Israel who went with Moses to Sinai and "saw the God...
12. Simon Yakovlevich Nadson JE Russian poet; born at St. Petersburg Dec. 26, 1862; died at Yalta Dec. 31, 1886. His father was a Jew who had entered the...
13. Nagar JE ...
14. Moses Ben Judah Nagari JE Philosophical writer. According to Steinschneider, he lived at Rome about 1300, and his name should be read "Na'ar" ()...
15. Nagasaki JE Commercial seaport in the ken of the same name, Japan. Of its Jewish community most of the members emigrated from Russia....
16. Benjamin Shalom Nagawkar JE Beni-Israel soldier; born at Bombay before 1830. He enlisted in the 25th Regiment Bombay Native Light Infantry July 1, 1848...
17. Samuel Moses Nagawkar JE Beni-Israel soldier; born at Bombay about 1810. He enlisted in the 10th Regiment Native Infantry Oct. 1, 1832. He was on foreign...
18. Abu Husain Joseph Ibn Nagdela (nagrela) JE Spanish statesman; born about 1031; died Dec. 30, 1066; son of Samuel ibn Nagdela. A highly educated and clever man, he succeeded...
19. Samuel Ibn Nagdela JE ...
20. Nagid JE ...
21. Nagy-kanizsa JE Hungarian town, in the county of Szalad. The antiquity of its disused cemetery, which dates back to the end of the seventeenth...
22. Naharaim JE ...
23. Nahash JE King of the Ammonites. At the beginning of Saul's reign Nahash attacked Jabesh-gilead, and when the people of that place...
24. Benjamin Nahawendi JE ...
25. Nahman Ben Hayyim Ha-kohen JE French tosafist; flourished toward the end of the twelfth century. As Gross concludes from "Kol Bo" (ed. Venice, 1562), No...
26. Nahman Bar Isaac JE Babylonian amora of the fifth generation; died in 356; like Raba, a pupil of R. Naḥman b. Jacob. While he was still...
27. Nahman Bar Jacob JE Babylonian amora of the third generation; died 320; pupil of Mar Samuel. He was chief justice of the Jews who were subject...
28. Nahman B Samuel Ha-levi JE Frankist; rabbi of Busk, Galicia; lived in the first part of the eighteenth century. When Mikulski, the administrator of the...
29. Nahman B Simhah Of Bratzlav JE Founder of the Ḥasidic sect known as "Bratzlaver Ḥasidim"; born at Miedzyboz (Medzhibozh), Podolia, Oct. 9, 1770...
30. Samson Hayyim Ben Nahman Raphael Nahmani JE Italian Talmudist; flourished about the latter half of the eighteenth century. He was the pupil of Ephraim Cohen of Ostrog...
31. Moses Nahmanides JE ...
32. Nehmias) Nahmias (naamias JE One of the most ancient and prominent Jewish families of Toledo. The oldest member known is Joseph Naḥmias, son-in-law...
33. Joseph Nahmoli JE Talmudist and rabbi of Larissa in the eighteenth century; father-in-law of Isaac ibn Shangi (author of "Be'er Yi&#7827...
34. Nahor JE Son of Serug; father of Terah and, consequently, grandfather of Abraham. He is said to have lived one hundred and forty-eight...
35. Nahshon JE Son of Amminadab; descendant in the fifth generation from Judah and brother-in-law of Aaron (Ex. vi. 23; I Chron. ii. 4-10)...
36. Nahshon Ben Zadok JE Gaon; head of the Academy of Sura from 874 to 882, in succession to Mar Amram ben Sheshna. He wrote explanations to difficult...
37. Nahum JE One of the so-called Minor Prophets. He is called, in the title of his book, "Nahum the Elkoshite." Where Elkosh was is not...
38. Book Of Nahum JE One of the Minor Prophetical works which centers about the overflow of Nineveh. The dispirited people of Judah are aroused...
39. Nahum JE Liturgical poet; lived about 1300, probably in southern Spain. He possessed unusual talent. Some of his poems have been translated...
40. Nahum Eliezer Ben Jacob JE Rabbi of the second half of the seventeenth and the first half of the eighteenth century; born about 1660; diedabout 1746...
41. Nahum Of Gimzo JE Tanna of the second generation (first century). In the Talmud (Ta'an. 21a; Yer. Sheḳ. v. 15) he is called "ish gam...
42. Nahum The Mede JE Tanna of the first generation (first century); lived in Jerusalem. According to R. Nathan, he was one of the three most renowned...
43. Nahum, Menahem, Of Chernobyl JE Ḥasidic leader in the last part of the eighteenth century. He was a pupil of Baer of Meseritz, by whom he was sent to...
44. Nahum Ben Simai JE Palestinian amora of the third century; a son of the tanna Simai. He is cited as "Menahem" in Pes. 104a and in M. Ḳ...
45. Nahum B Uzziel Kaplan (reb Nahum Grodner) JE Preacher and philanthropist; born 1811; died at Grodno Oct. 25, 1879. Though he was a great Talmudist, he preferred to hold...
46. Nail JE The finger nail. In Hebrew the corresponding word occurs only in the plural, (Deut. xxi. 12), the singular of which denotes...
47. Naioth JE Place in which David and Samuel took refuge when the former was pursued by Saul (I Sam. xix. 18 et seq., xx. 1). The meaning...
48. Najara (najar, Nijar, Nagar, Nagara) JE Oriental Jewish family, originally from Najera, a Spanish city of Navarre, on the River Najerilla. In the history of rabbinical...
49. Nagera Najera JE City in Spain, situated between Logroño and Burgos. In the tenth century it had a prosperous Jewish community. In the...
50. NaḲdanim JE Punctuators or Masoretic annotators; the successors of the Masorites proper. Their activity consisted in collecting and conserving...
51. Names (personal) JE The conferring of a name upon a person was in early Biblical times generally connected with some circumstance of birth; several...
52. Names Of God JE Like other Hebrew proper names, the name of God is more than a mere distinguishing title. It represents the Hebrew conception...
53. Nancy JE Chief town of the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, France, and the ancient capital of Lorraine; seat of a consistory whose...
54. Nantes JE Chief town of the department of the Loire-Inférieure, France. According to Camille Mellinet ("La Commune et la Milice...
55. Naomi JE Wife of Elimelech and mother-in-law of Ruth. Naomi accompanied her husband and two sons into the land of Moab; but after the...
56. Naphtali JE Second son of Jacob and Bilhah, and younger full brother of Dan. According to Gen. xxx. 8, the name means "my wrestling,"...
57. Tribe Of Naphtali JE According to the two enumerations of the Israelites given in the Book of Numbers (i.-iii., xxvi.), the adult males of Naphtali...
58. Naphtali Ben David JE Hebrew author; born at Witzenhausen, Germany; lived in Amsterdam at the beginning of the eighteenth century. He belonged to...
59. Naphtali Hirz Ben Issachar JE ...
60. Naphtali Herz Ben Jacob Elhanan JE German cabalist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main in the second half of the sixteenth century. He lived in Palestine and was...
61. Naphtali Herz Ben Ẓebi Hirsch Halberstadt JE Rabbi at Dubno, Russia, in the eighteenth century. Responsa of his in regard to the Cleve divorce case are found in Israel...
62. Naphtali Hirsch Ben Menahem JE President of the community of Lemberg in the sixteenth century. He was the author of "Perush ha-Millot," explanations of difficult...
63. Naphtali Hirz Ben Jacob Goslar JE German rabbi and philosopher of the eighteenth century. After acting as dayyan at Halberstadt for some time, he settled at...
64. Naphtali Hirz Treves JE ...
65. Naphtali B Isaac Ha-kohen JE Polish-German rabbi; born in Ostrov, Poland, 1649; died at Constantinople 1719. His father was rabbi of Ostrov. In 1663 Naphtali...
66. Naphtali Ha-kohen JE ...
67. Napoleon Bonaparte JE Emperor of the French; born in Ajaccio, Corsica, Aug. 15, 1769; died at St. Helena in 1821. Only those incidents in his career...
68. [[]] JE French chemist and politician; born at Carpentras, Vaucluse, Oct. 6, 1834. After studying in Paris he graduated as M.D. in...
69. David Ben Joseph Narboni JE Rabbi; lived at Narbonne, France, in the first half of the twelfth century. He was probably the son of Joseph Gaon of Narbonne...
70. Narbonne JE Chief town in the department of Aude, France. Jews were settled here as early as the fifth century. They lived on the whole...
71. Nard JE A species of Valeriana spica Vahl = Nardostachys Jatamansi De Candolle, growing in eastern Asia. It was well known to the...
72. Naresh JE City in Babylonia, situated near Sura (Letter of Sherira Gaon, in Neubauer, "M. J. C." i. 32) on a canal (B. M. 93b). It may...
73. Moses Narol JE Rabbi of Metz; father of the physician Tobias Cohn; died at Metz in 1659. Narol was rabbi and physician at Narol, Galicia...
74. Sinai Simon Nascher JE Hungarian writer; born at Szent Miklos, Liptau, March 16, 1841; died at Baja July 25, 1901. He studied at Baja and Berlin...
75. Nashim JE Third order of the Talmud, treating of betrothal, marriage, divorce, and in general of all the relations of woman to man....
76. Nashville JE ...
77. Nasi JE The president of the Sanhedrin. According to the rabbinical tradition (Ḥag. ii. 2; Peah ii. 6), the Sanhedrin was presided...
78. David Nasi JE ...
79. Nasi Gracia Mendesia JE ...
80. Nasi, Joseph, Duke Of Naxos JE Turkish statesman and financier; born in Portugal at the beginning of the sixteenth century; died at Constantinople Aug. 2...
81. Reyna Nasi JE Duchess of Naxos; born in Portugal; only daughter of the Marano Francisco Mendes-Nasi and Gracia Mendesia (Beatrice de Luna)...
82. Moses Ibn Nasia JE ...
83. Nassau JE Formerly a German dukedom; since 1866 it has formed a part of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau. In 1865, immediately...
84. Nassau, Adolf, Ritter Von JE Austrian journalist; born at Pohrlitz, Moravia, Dec. 25, 1834; educated at Vienna. He became stenographer to the Austrian...
85. Nassy JE ...
86. Isaac B Solomon Nataf JE Rabbi at Tunis, Africa, at the end of the eighteenth and in the beginning of the nineteenth century. He was the author of...
87. Natality JE Proportionate number of births in a population, generally measured by the number per thousand of population. Since the writing...
88. Ludwik Natanson JE Polish physician; brother of Henryk Natanson; born 1821; died at Warsaw June 6, 1896. He studied medicine at the universities...
89. ZaÏre Martel Nathalie JE French actress; born at Tournon, Seine-et-Marne, Sept. 3, 1816; died Nov. 17, 1885. She made her début at the Folies...
90. Nathan JE Prophet; lived in the reign of David. On three occasions he appears as the king's successful adviser. In connection with...
91. Nathan JE Palestinian tanna of the third generation (2d cent.); son of a Babylonian exilarch. For some unknown reason he left Babylonia...
92. Nathan JE American family that has been identified with both the general and the Jewish community of New York city since the latter...
93. Nathan Of Avignon JE Talmudist; lived in the second half of the fourteenth century. He was the author of "Hilkot Sheḥiṭah u-Bedi&#7731...
94. Barnett Nathan JE English dramatic and musical entrepreneur; born in 1793; died in London Dec. 6, 1856. Nathan was also a teacher of dancing...
95. Nathan Benjamin Ashkenazi JE ...
96. Nathan Of Cento JE ...
97. Elias Salomon Nathan JE German physician and author; born at Eutin about 1806; died at Hamburg July 5, 1862; educated at Kiel (M.D. 1830). He took...
98. Nathan The Exilarch JE ...
99. Nathan Feitel JE Rabbi at Hotzenplotz and Austerlitz in the seventeenth century. He wrote "Ḥoḳ Natan," or "Derushim le-Kol &#7716...
100. Nathan B Hayyim Amram JE ...
101. Isaac Nathan JE English musician and composer; born at Canterbury, England, in 1792; died at Sydney, N. S. W., Jan. 15, 1864. He was intended...
102. Nathan B Isaac Jacob Bonn JE Rabbi at Mayence, and later at Hamburg, in the middle of the seventeenth century. He was the author of "Shikḥat Le&#7731...
103. Nathan Isaac Ben Kalonymus Ben Judah JE ...
104. Nathan Ben Isaac Ha-kohen Hababli JE Babylonian historian of the tenth century. He was the author of a history of the exilarchate that gives many interesting details...
105. Nathan Jedidiah Ben Eliezer JE Italian poet; born at Orvieto in 1607. In 1625, being then at Sienna, he paraphrased in Hebrew terza-rima three "widduyim":...
106. Nathan Ben Jehiel JE Italian lexicographer; born in Rome not later than 1035; died in 1106. He belonged to one of the most notable Roman families...
107. Nathan Ben Joel Falaquera (palaquera) JE Spanish physician of the latter half of the thirteenth century; perhaps identical with Nathan of Montpellier, the teacher...
108. Nathan Ben Joseph 'official JE French rabbi and controversialist; lived at Sens in the second half of the thirteenth century. He was one of the most famous...
109. Nathan Judah Ben Solomon JE Provençal physician of the fourteenth century. His Provençal names were En Bongodas and Bonjues and he was probably...
110. Nathan B Labi (b Judah) JE German liturgist; lived at the beginning of the fourteenth century. He was the author of a liturgical work entitled "Sefer...
111. Nathan Ben Machir JE French Talumdist of the eleventh century. He was the brother of the liturgical poet Menahem b. Machir, to whom he gave responsa...
112. Sir Matthew Nathan JE English soldier and administrator; born in London Jan. 3, 1862; son of Jonah Nathan. He joined the Royal Engineers on May...
113. Nathan Ben MeÏr Of Trinquetaille JE French Talmudist and Biblical commentator; flourished in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was the paternal grandfather...
114. Nathan Mordecai JE French physician; lived at Avignon in the middle of the fifteenth century. He was in correspondence with Joseph Colon, who...
115. Nathan (nata) Ben Moses JE ...
116. Moses B Solomon B Nathanael Nathan JE Provençal liturgist; his period and birthplace are unknown. He was the author of a didactic poem entitled "Toẓe&#39...
117. Nathan Nata Of Shklov JE ...
118. Nathan Ben Samuel JE Spanish physician; flourished, as far as is known, at the beginning of the fourteenth century. He is designated in some manuscripts...
119. Wolf Ben Abraham Nathan JE German Biblical exegete and theologian; born at Dessau July 8, 1751; died there Sept. 6, 1784. He wrote a commentary on the...
120. The Exilarch Nathan De-ẒuẒita JE According to Joseph b. Ḥama (Shab. 56b), Nathan de-Ẓuẓita is to be identified with the exilarch 'U&#7731...
121. Nathanael Of Chinon JE French tosafist; flourished about 1220. He was a disciple of Isaac ben Samuel of Dampierre. After 1224 Nathanael was director...
122. Nathanael B Nehemiah Caspi JE ...
123. Bernhard Nathanson JE Russian-Hebrew journalist and author; born at Satanow, Podolia, April 15, 1832. He received his early Hebrew education under...
124. Jacob Nathanson JE Polish professor of chemistry; born at Warsaw 1832; died there Sept. 14, 1884; educated at the University of Dorpat. In 1862...
125. Joseph Saul Nathanson JE Polish rabbi and author; born at Berzan 1808; died at Lemberg March 4, 1875; son of Aryeh Lebush Nathanson, rabbi at Berzan...
126. Marcus Nathanson JE Russian scholar; born at Wilna 1793; died at Telsh, government of Kovno, June 10, 1868. He was the son-in-law of Joshua Zeitels...
127. Mendel Levin Nathanson JE Danish merchant, editor, and economist; born in Altona Nov. 20, 1780; died in Copenhagen Oct. 6, 1868. When only eighteen...
128. National Farm School JE American institution having for its object the training of Jewish lads in practical and scientific agriculture; situated at...
129. The Seventy Nations And Languages JE The haggadic assumption that there are seventy nations and languages in the world is based upon the ethnological table given...
130. B Hilai NaṬronai Ii JE Gaon of the academy at Sura early in the second half of the ninth century; he succeeded Sar Shalom. His father had occupied...
131. NaṬronai B Nehemiah (mar YanḲa) JE Gaon of Pumbedita from 719 to 730; son-in-law of the exilarch Ḥasdai I. Vain of his family connections and secure in...
132. Natural History In The Bible JE ...
133. Samuel Naumbourg JE French composer; born at Dennenlohe, Bavaria, March 15, 1817; died at Saint-Mandé, near Paris, May 1, 1880. After having...
134. Jacob Naumburg JE Rabbi of Mayence and Offenbach at the end of the eighteenth century. He was the grandson of Jonah Te'omim, the author...
135. Louis Naumburg JE Cantor; born in Treuchtlingen, Bavaria, 1813; died in New York city March 4, 1902. He was descended from a family of cantors...
136. Abram Navarra JE Rabbi at Casale (Casale-Monferrato) in 1650. Responsa by him are found, in manuscript, in the collections of David Kaufmann...
137. Navarre JE Former kingdom in Spain, surrounded by Aragon, Castile, and the Basque Provinces; now comprised in the provinces of Navarre...
138. Navarro JE Portuguese family, the following members of which became well known: Judah ben Moses Navarro: Son of Moses Navarro, body-physician...
139. Navigation JE That the Israelites, practically, did not engage in navigation is due to the fact that they never held the sea-coast for any...
140. Nazarenes JE Sect of primitive Christianity; it appears to have embraced all those Christians who had been born Jews and who neither would...
141. Nazareth JE Town in Galilee, situated in a valley to the north of the plain of Esdraelon. It is about 1,200 feet above the level of the...
142. Nazarite JE One who lives apart; one who has made a vow of abstinence; in the former sense used as early as Sifra, Emor, iv. 3; Sifre...
143. Nazir JE A treatise of the Mishnah and the Tosefta and in both Talmuds, devoted chiefly to a discussion of the laws laid down in Num...
144. Isaac Nazir JE One of the earliest cabalists. According to an account which is not altogether trustworthy, he was the real founder of cabalistic...
145. Jacob B Meshullam B Jacob Of Lunel Nazir JE ...
146. Moses Ha-levi Nazir JE ...
147. Johann August Wilhelm Neander JE German Church historian; born at Göttingen Jan. 17, 1789; died at Berlin July 14, 1850. Prior to his baptism his name...
148. Neapolis JE ...
149. Ne'arim JE ...
150. Nebelah JE Biblical expression for the carcass of an animal, and sometimes for a dead human body(I Kings xiii. 24; Isa. xxvi. 19; Ps...
151. Nebich (nebbich) JE Judæo-German term carrying the sense of "regret" and "pity." It is used as a noun, an adverb, and most often as an interjection...
152. Mount Nebo JE According to Deut. xxxii. 49 and xxxiv. 1-3, it was from this mountain that Moses, just before his death, surveyed the promised...
153. Nebraska JE One of the central units of the United States of America; admitted into the Union in 1854. Jews traversed the state on their...
154. Nebuchadnezzar JE The son of Nabopolassar; became king of Babylon in 604 B.C. as Assyria was on the decline; died 561.His name, either in this...
155. Nebushasban JE The first-named of the four chief officers sent by Nebuzar-adan to take Jeremiah out of the court of the guard (Jer. xxxix...
156. Nebuzar-adan JE Captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body-guard. Nebuzar-adan entered Jerusalem in 586 B.C., burned the Temple, the king's...
157. Necho JE King of Egypt from 610 to 594 B.C.; son of Psam(m)ethik I., of the twenty-sixth Egyptian dynasty. According to Herodotus (ii...
158. Necromancy JE Divination by aid of the dead is said to have been common among the Persians (Strabo, xvi. 2, 39, νεκ&#965...
159. Nedarim JE A treatise in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both Talmuds, devoted chiefly to a discussion of the regulations contained in Num...
160. Het Nederlandsche Israeliet JE ...
161. Nega'im JE A treatise of the order Ṭohorot in the Mishnah and the Tosefta, which treats of the rules concerning leprosy and the...
162. Negeb JE Tract of land in southern Judah, which, though fertile in comparison with the rest of Palestine, is nevertheless regarded...
163. Neginah JE ...
164. Negligence JE ...
165. Negotiable Instruments JE ...
166. Negropont JE ...
167. Judah Nehama JE Turkish rabbi; born in Salonica 1825; died there 1899. He was rabbi in his native place; for many years vice-president of...
168. Nehardea (nearda) JE City of Babylonia, situated at or near the junction of the Euphrates with the Nahr Malka; one of the earliest centers of Babylonian...
169. Nehemiah JE Son of Hachaliah; rebuilder of the walls of Jerusalem. The sole source of information about Nehemiah is the canonical book...
170. Book Of Nehemiah JE A work ascribed to Nehemiah, but bearing in some canons the title Esdras II. or Esdras III., having been attributed to Ezra...
171. Nehemiah Of Beth-horon JE Amora of the first generation; lived in the third century at Beth-horon, a small town northwest of Jerusalem. In the different...
172. Nehemiah B Hashiel (ammid) JE ...
173. Nehemiah Ha-kohen JE Polish cabalist and Shabbethaian preacher; died at Amsterdam shortly after 1690, or, according to another account, in Poland...
174. Nehemiah Ben Kohen ẒedeḲ JE Gaon of Pumbedita from 960 to 968. While his predecessor, Aaron b. Sargado, was still in office, Nehemiah tried to have him...
175. Nehunya Of Beth-horon JE ...
176. Nehunya Ben Ha-Ḳanah JE Tanna of the first and second centuries. It appears from B. B. 10b that Neḥunya was a contemporary, but not a pupil...
177. Nehushtan JE Bronze figure of a serpent which was broken in pieces by Hezekiah at the beginningof his reign (II Kings xviii. 4). It was...
178. Neighboring Landowners JE The legal maxim "Sic utere tuo ut alienum non lædas" (So use your own that you may not injure another's [property])...
179. Ne'ilah JE The last of the five services held on the Day of Atonement. The earliest mention of it is in the Mishnah (Ta'an. 26a)...
180. Julia (mrs Fred Terry) Neilson JE English actress; born in London 1868; educated at Wiesbaden, Germany. Returning to London in 1883, she became a student at...
181. Albert Neisser JE German dermatologist; born at Schweidnitz Jan. 22, 1855. His father, Moritz Neisser, was physician and "Geheimer Sanit&#228...
182. Nejran JE ...
183. Ambrosius NemÉnyi (neumann) JE Hungarian deputy; born at Peczel 1852; died in Budapest Dec. 13, 1904; studied law at Vienna and Paris (LL.D., Budapest)....
184. Nemirov JE Town in the government of Podolia, Russian Poland. Of the period before 1648 it is only known that Nemirov was one of the...
185. Neo-christian JE ...
186. Neo-hebraic Literature JE ...
187. Neologie; Neologen JE ...
188. Neoplatonism JE ...
189. Nephilim JE ...
190. Graziadio (hananeel) Nepi (neppi) JE Italian rabbi and physician; born in 1759 at Ferrara; died Jan. 18, 1836, at Cento. He studied at Ferrara for twelve years...
191. Nergal JE God of the Babylonian city of Cuthah or Cuth or Kutu. In II Kings xvii. 30 it is said that the men of Cuth, whom Sargon settled...
192. Nero JE Roman emperor; born at Antium Dec. 15, 37 C.E.; died near Rome in 68. His original name was Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, but...
193. Nervous Diseases JE The Jews are more subject to diseases of the nervous system than the other races and peoples among which they dwell. Hysteria...
194. Nesek JE Wine consecrated to use in idolatrous worship and therefore absolutely forbidden to a Jew. In a broader sense "nesek," or...
195. Nesvizh JE Small town in the government of Minsk, Russia; it was in existence in the thirteenth century. The census of 1897 gives it...
196. Nethaneel Ben Isaiah JE Yemenite commentator and poet of the fourteenth century; author of a homiletic commentary on the Pentateuch entitled "Nur...
197. Netherlands JE Country of western Europe, bounded by the North Sea, by Belgium, and by the Prussian provinces of Hanover and Westphalia,...
198. Nethinim JE Temple officials. They are first heard of as returning from Babylon to Palestine, after the Exile, in two batches, one numbering...
199. Charles Netter JE French philanthropist; born at Strasburg in 1828; died at Jaffa, Palestine, Oct. 2, 1882. He studied at Strasburg and Belfort...
200. Eugene Netter JE Roman Catholic archbishop at Manila; born 1840 at Bergheim, near Colmar, in Alsace. At the age of fourteen he and his brother...
201. Justin Arnold Netter JE French physician; born at Strasburg Sept. 20, 1855. He studied in the hospitals of Paris between 1876 and 1884 ("externe,"...
202. Neu-orthodoxie (neo-orthodoxy) JE ...
203. Adolf Neubauer JE Sublibrarian at the Bodleian Library and reader in Rabbinic Hebrew at Oxford University; born at Bittse, Hungary, March 11...
204. Joseph Neuberg JE English litterateur; secretary to Thomas Carlyle; born at Würzburg, Bavaria, May 21, 1806; died in London March 23, 1867...
205. Ferdinand Neuburger JE German dramatist; born at Düsseldorf Aug. 28, 1839; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main Oct. 27, 1895. He began life as a tutor...
206. Max Neuburger JE Austrian physician; born Dec. 8, 1868, at Vienna, at whose university he studied medicine (M.D. 1893). After three years of...
207. Abraham Neuda JE Austrian rabbi; born at Loschitz, Moravia, in 1812; died there Feb. 22, 1854. He was the son of R. Aaron Neuda of Loschitz...
208. Neue Israelitische Zeitung JE ...
209. Das Neue Zion JE ...
210. Daniel Neufeld JE Polish writer; born at Praszka, government of Kalisz, 1814; died at Warsaw in 1874. His activity was confined to his birth-place...
211. Ladislaus Neugebauer JE Hungarian writer; born at Budapest Feb. 22, 1845. After studying at Budapest and Vienna he entered the service of the Austro-Hungarian...
212. Neuilly-sur-seine JE Town of France, and suburb of Paris. It has a population of 32,730. Its Jewish community, which now (1904) comprises about...
213. Abraham Neumann JE Russian rabbi; born at Gerolzhofen, near Würzburg, 1809; died at St. Petersburg Aug. 22, 1875. In 1822 he studied Talmud...
214. Angelo Neumann JE Austrian theatrical director; born at Vienna Aug. 18, 1838. Neumann went upon the stage in 1859, as a barytone, appearing...
215. Armin Neumann JE Hungarian deputy; born at Grosswardein Feb. 14, 1845. After having prepared for the rabbinical career at the Jewish theological...
216. Carl Friedrich Neumann JE German Orientalist and historian; born at Reichmansdorf, near Bamberg, Dec. 22, 1798; died in Berlin March 17, 1870. His parents...
217. Eleonora Neumann JE German violinist; born at Lissa in 1819; died at Triest in Jan., 1841. She received her musical education at Warsaw, where...
218. Isidor Neumann JE Austrian dermatologist; born at Misslitz, Moravia, March 2, 1832; educated at Vienna University (M.D. 1858). He became privat-docent...
219. Moses Samuel Neumann JE Hungarian poet; born at Ban, Hungary, in 1769; died at Budapest Nov. 29, 1831; son of a poor cantor who died prematurely....
220. Salomon Neumann JE German physician and statistician; born at Pyritz, Pomerania, Oct.22, 1819; studied medicine at Berlin and Halle (M.D. 1842)...
221. Wilhelm Heinrich Neumann JE ...
222. Naphtali Herz Neumanovitz JE Russian author; born at Jozefow, government of Lublin, Feb. 12, 1843; died at Warsaw, March 11, 1898. He was descended from...
223. Mirels (meshullam Zalman ben Jacob David) Neumark JE German Talmudist; father of Ẓebi Ashkenazi; died at Hamburg Nov. 28, 1706. Meshullam Zalman was one of the most respected...
224. Leopold Neumegen JE English school-master; born in Posen in 1787; died at Kew, near London, April, 1875. He first taught in Göttingen, and...
225. Wilhelm Neurath JE Austrian economist; born at St. Georgen May 31, 1840. After winning his doctor's degree he became privat-docent at the...
226. Neuss JE City of Rhenish Prussia. Its Jewish community, which dates back to the eleventh century, is known for the series of persecutions...
227. Phinehas Neustadt JE German rabbi and author; born at Borek, province of Posen, Prussia, Sept. 23, 1823; died at Breslau Feb. 24, 1902. Neustadt...
228. Neustadt-schirwindt (wladyslavow) JE District town in the government of Suwalki, Russian Poland; built in 1643 under Ladislaus (Wladyslaw) IV., King of Poland...
229. Louis NeustÄtter JE German portrait- and genre-painter; born in Munich Sept. 5, 1829; died in Tutzing, on the Starnbergersee, May 24, 1899. Neust&#228...
230. Neutitschein JE City in the province of Moravia, Austria. It had a Jewish congregation in the Middle Ages, which was expelled Aug. 30, 1563...
231. Elias Neuwiedel JE Russian grammarian; born at Neustadt-Sugind (Alexandrowo) 1821; died at Warsaw Sept. 16, 1886. He studied Talmud at the yeshibah...
232. Die Neuzeit JE ...
233. LÖb Nevakhovich JE Russian writer; born in Letichev, Volhynia, in the second half of the eighteenth century; died in St. Petersburg Aug. 1 (13)...
234. Nevers JE Chief city of the department of the Nièvre, France, with a population of 27,108 (1904). In the twelfth century Jews were...
235. New Era Illustrated Magazine JE A monthly publication founded in Boston, Mass., as the New Era Jewish Magazine, by Raphael Lasker, in June, 1902. Its title...
236. New Hampshire JE One of the New England states of the United States of America, and one of the thirteen original states. Record is found as...
237. New Haven JE ...
238. New Jersey JE One of the North Atlantic states and one of the thirteen original states of the United States of America. It contains the...
239. New Mexico JE A territory in the western division of the United States; acquired after the war with Mexico by the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo...
240. New Moon JE The period of New Moon was, in pre-exilic times, celebrated by cessation of labor; it was superior even to the Sabbath-day...
241. Blessing Of The New Moon JE The periodical reappearance of the moon, like the reappearance of everything that is a benefit to mankind, such as fruits...
242. New Nineveh JE ...
243. New Orleans JE Largest city in the state of Louisiana, which passed into the possession of the United States in 1803. Among its earliest...
244. New South Wales JE ...
245. New Testament JE The name of "New Testament" was given by the Christian Church, at the close of the second century, to the gospels and to other...
246. New-year JE In the earliest times the Hebrew year began in autumn with the opening of the economic year. There followed in regular succession...
247. New-year For Trees JE The anniversary of the festival of trees, which occurs on the 15th of Shebaṭ (roughly corresponding to Feb. 1), is known...
248. New York JE Chief commercial city of the state of New York and the largest city of the United States; contains a larger Jewish population...
249. New York JE Most populous state of the American Union, with an estimated Jewish population of 750,000. The history of the Jews of the...
250. New Zealand JE A group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, consisting of two large islands (North Island and South Island), a small island...
251. Newark JE Largest city of the state of New Jersey, U. S. A. Its first Jewish congregation was founded Aug. 20, 1848, under the name...
252. Joseph E Newburger JE American jurist; born in New York city 1853; educated in the public schools and at Columbia College (School of Law), New York...
253. Newcastle-upon-tyne JE English seaport; center of the English coal-trade. It has a population of 214,803, including about 500 Jewish families. Jews...
254. Alfred Alvarez Newman JE English metal-worker and art-collector; born in London 1851; died there 1887. He revived the blacksmith's art in its medieval...
255. Leopold Newman JE American soldier. He entered in the Civil war as captain of Company B, 31st New York Infantry, and rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel...
256. Selig Newman JE German Hebraist; born at Posen, Prussian Poland, in 1788; died at Williamsburg, N. Y., Feb. 20, 1871. He was educated at Posen...
257. Newport JE One of the capitals of the state of Rhode Island, U. S. A. Before the American Revolution, Newport excelled New York as a...
258. Jewish Newspapers JE ...
259. Next Of Kin JE ...
260. Sefer Ha- Neyar JE Anonymous compendium of laws; compiled during the first third of the fourteenth century, after 1319, probably by a Proven&#231...
261. Alfred Neymarck JE French economist and statistician; born at Châlons-sur-Marne Jan. 3, 1848. He was editor of the "Revue Contemporaine"...
262. Nezhin (nyezhin) JE Russian town, in the government of Chernigov; one of the centers of the tobacco-trade. In 1648 Nezhin was taken by the Cossacks...
263. NeziḲin JE Order of the Mishnah and the Tosefta, in both the Babylonian and the Jerusalem Talmud. The name "Neziḳin," which occurs...
264. Nibhaz JE One of the deities worshiped by the Avites(II Kings xvii. 31), who had been imported into the country about Samaria after...
265. Nicanor JE Son of Patroclus, and general and friend of Antiochus Epiphanes, who in 165 B.C. sent him and Gorgias with an army against...
266. Nicanor's Gate JE ...
267. Nicaragua JE ...
268. Nice JE City of southern France. Jews settled there in the fourth century, and, as in the other Gallic cities along the coast of the...
269. Ii Nicholas I JE ...
270. Nicholas Iii, Iv, V JE ...
271. Nicholas Of Damascus (nicolaus Damascenus) JE Greek historian and philosopher; friend of King Herod the Great; born at Damascus, where his father, Antipater, filled high...
272. Nicodemus JE Prominent member of the Sanhedrin, and a man of wealth; lived in Jerusalem in the first century C.E. He is mentioned in John...
273. Nicodemus (naḲdimon) Ben Gorion JE Lived at Jerusalem in the first century C.E.; the wealthiest and most respected member of the peace party during the revolution...
274. Nicolaus De Cusa JE ...
275. Nicopolis JE City of Bulgaria, situated on the right bank of the Danube, 160 kilometers southeast of Widdin. The settlement of Jews in...
276. Niddah JE A treatise in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both Talmuds. In the Mishnah it stands seventh in the order Ṭohorot, but in...
277. Niddin JE ...
278. Niebla JE One of the oldest towns of Spain, situated 12 miles west of Seville and to the east of Huelva. It was one of the earliest...
279. Abraham Ben Ephraim NiederlÄnder JE Austrian mathematician of the sixteenth century; scribe of R. Judah Löw ben Bezaleel (MaHaRaL) of Prague. He was the...
280. Ahasverus Samuel Van Nierop JE Dutch jurist; born at Hoorn Jan. 24, 1813; died at Amsterdam May 15, 1878. He studied law at the Amsterdam Athenæum,...
281. Frederik Salomon Van Nierop JE Dutch economist; born at Amsterdam March 6, 1844. He took his degree as doctor of law at Leyden in 1866, established himself...
282. David Nieto JE Haham of the Sephardic community in London; born at Venice 1654; died in London Jan. 10, 1728. He first practised as a physician...
283. Isaac Nieto JE Haham of the Portuguese congregation Sha'are Shamaim, Bevis Marks, London; born 1702; died at London 1774; son of David...
284. Nieuwe Israelietisches Weekblad JE ...
285. Niggun JE A Neo-Hebraic noun formed from the "pi'el" of the verb = "to play strings," "make music"; hence meaning generally "tune...
286. Night JE The period between sunset and sunrise (see Calendar; Day). The older Biblical term for the whole day was "yom wa-lailah" or...
287. Moses Nigrin (negrin) JE Cabalist; lived in Safed early in the sixteenth century; a contemporary of Moses di Trani. He is chiefly known as a commentator...
288. Simon (solomon) Nigrin (negrin) JE Author; lived in Jerusalem in the early part of the seventeenth century; a grandnephew of Moses Nigrin. He is the supposed...
289. Nijni-novgorod (nizhni-novgorod) JE Russian city; capital of the government of the same name; famed for its fairs, which are held annually. It is without the...
290. NiḲḲur JE ...
291. Nikolaief (nikolayev) JE Russian Black Sea port and naval station, in the government of Kherson; founded in 1784; now an important commercial center...
292. Nikolsburg JE Town in southern Moravia. The settlement of the Jews in Nikolsburg dates probably from 1420, when, after the expulsion from...
293. Nile JE The great river of Egypt; frequently referred to in the Bible. The Authorized Version everywhere renders the word employed...
294. NÎmes JE Chief town of the department of Gard, France. Jews were settled here in very remote times. Hilderic, Count of Nîmes,...
295. Nimrod JE Son of Cush and grandson of Ham; his name has become proverbial as that of a mighty hunter. His "kingdom" comprised Babel...
296. Nineveh JE City of Assyria. The form of its name is derived from the Masoretic text. It answers as nearly as possible to the native Assyrian...
297. Ning-po JE ...
298. Nippur JE Ancient name of a great city in central Babylonia whose ruined site is now known as Nuffar (Niffer), which is the same word...
299. Nisan JE First ecclesiastical and seventh civil month (Neh. ii. 1; Esth. iii. 7). In the earlier Biblical books it is designated "&#7716...
300. Nish (nissa) JE City of Servia on the Nissava. Its Jewish community dates from the beginning of the eighteenth century, as is shown by a question...
301. Nishmat JE Literally, "the soul of." A part of the liturgy which on Sabbaths and festivals leads up to the short benediction ("yishtabba&#7717...
302. Nisibis JE City in northeastern Mesopotamia, in the ancient province of Migdonia. The Biblical Accad (Gen. x. 10) is rendered "Ne&#7827...
303. Henriette Nissen (nissen-saloman) JE Swedish singer; born in Göteborg March 12, 1819; died in Harzburg Aug. 27, 1879. She studied pianoforte under Chopin...
304. Nissi Ben Noah JE Karaite scholar; lived at Bassora, later at Jerusalem, in the eighth century. He is believed to have been the son of Abu Nissi...
305. Don Nissim Benveniste JE Spanish scholar of the fifteenth century. His halakic consultations with Isaac Aboab were published, under the title "She&#39...
306. Hayyim B Elijah Nissim JE Turkish rabbi; probably lived in the second half of the eighteenth century. He was the author of "Maẓa Ḥayyim...
307. Nissim Ben Jacob Ben Nissim Ibn Shahin JE African Talmud exegete and moralist; lived during the first half of the eleventh century in Kairwan. He received his early...
308. Nissim Ben Moses Of Marseilles JE Philosopher of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. He was the author of a philosophical commentary on the Pentateuch...
309. Nissim B Reuben Gerondi JE Physician, astronomer, and halakist; flourished at Barcelona about 1340 to 1380. He had much to suffer at the hands of certain...
310. Nissim (the Elder) Ibn Shahin JE ...
311. Niter JE The niter of the ancients was a mineral alkaline salt, carbonate of soda, found in great quantities in Egypt. Natron Lake...
312. Nittai Of Arbela JE Vice-president of the Sanhedrin under the nasi Joshua b. Peraḥyah at the time of John Hyrcanus. In Yer. Ḥag. ii...
313. Nittel JE Judæo-German word for "Christmas"; derived from the medieval Latin "Natale Domini" (see Wetzer and Welte, "Kirchenlexikon...
314. Solomon Ben Isaiah Ben Eliezer Hayyim Nizza JE Rabbi of Venice in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; equally prominent as sage, Talmudist, and liturgical poet. His...
315. NiẒẒahon JE ...
316. No-amon JE Name designating the city of Thebes, in Egypt, and equivalent to "No, the city of the god Amon"; found in Nah. iii. 8 (comp...
317. Noachian Laws JE ...
318. Noah JE Son of Lamech and the ninth in descent from Adam. In the midst ofabounding corruption he alone was "righteous and blameless...
319. Hayyim Hirsch Noah JE ...
320. Mordecai Manuel Noah JE American politician, journalist, playwright, and philanthropist; born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 19, 1785; died in New York...
321. Noah B Pesah JE Acting rabbi in Pinsk; died there in 1638. He wrote a commentary on Bereshit Rabbah under the title of "Toledot Noa&#7717...
322. Nob JE City or village of priests where David received holy bread when in pressing need of food at the beginning of his persecution...
323. Nobah JE Apparently, a Manassite warrior who, during the conquest of the territory east of the Jordan, made himself master of Kenath...
324. Luis Noble JE ...
325. Nogah Ha-yareah JE ...
326. Elijah Ben Joseph Di Nola JE Italian physician and rabbi of the sixteenth century. In 1563 he was living in Rome, where he occupied the position of rabbi...
327. Menahem (john Paul Eusthatius) Nola JE Italian convert to Christianity; born about 1540; died at Rome about 1602. Nothing is known of Nola's life before his...
328. Theodor NÖldeke JE German Orientalist; born March 2, 1836, at Harburg. He studied Oriental languages at Göttingen, Vienna, Leyden, and Berlin...
329. Nomism JE That religious tendency which aims at the control of both social and individual life by legalism, making the law the supreme...
330. Nones JE American family, tracing its descent from Benjamin Nones of Philadelphia, who lived at the end of the eighteenth century....
331. Noph JE City of ancient Egypt, mentioned in Isa. xix. 13, Jer. ii. 16, xliv. 1, xlvi. 14, and Ezek. xxx. 13, 16. All the ancient versions...
332. Max (simon) Nordau JE Austrian litterateur and philosopher; born in Budapest July 29, 1849.His parents were very poor. His father, Gabriel S&#252...
333. Joshua D Norden JE English soldier and adventurer; died at Graham's Town, Cape Colony, April 26, 1846. He was field commandant in the Kaffir...
334. Nordhausen JE Prussian manufacturing town, in the province of Saxony. The earliest mention of Jews at Nordhausen occurs in a document signed...
335. Isaac Nordheimer JE American Orientalist; born 1809 at Memelsdorf, near Erlangen, in Bavaria; died 1842. A very promising Talmudic student, he...
336. NÖrdlingen JE City in the district of Swabia, Bavaria; till 1803 a free city of the German empire. Like Augsburg, Nuremberg, Würzburg...
337. Friedrich N Nork JE ...
338. Normandy JE ...
339. North Carolina JE One of the South Atlantic states of the American Union, and one of the thirteen original states. In 1826 Isaac Harby estimated...
340. Northampton JE Capital of Northamptonshire, England. Jews were living there as early as 1180, when it is recorded that Samuel of Northampton...
341. Northeim JE Town in the province of Hanover, Prussia. It has a population of 6,695, of whom over 100 are Jews. Jews lived there as early...
342. Norway JE Northwestern division of the Scandinavian peninsula. It has a total population of 2,240,032. The census of 1897 counted over...
343. Norwich JE Capital town of the county of Norfolk, England. After London, Oxford, and Cambridge, it is the earliest English town mentioned...
344. Norzi JE Italian family, many members of which were distinguished as scholars and rabbis. Probably the family name is derived from...
345. Nose JE Anthropologists who consider the nose an important racial index (Topinard, Bertillon, Deniker, and others) in their classifications...
346. Nose-ring JE The Hebrew word (plural, ) is used for both earrings and nose-rings, but where the latter is referred to the word is added...
347. Alfred Nossig JE Austrian author and sculptor; born at Lemberg, Galicia, April 18, 1864. He studied law, philosophy, and natural science at...
348. Notaries And Scribes JE ...
349. NoṬariḲon JE A system of shorthand consisting in either simply abbreviating the words or in writing only one letter of each word. This...
350. Nothhandel JE Technical term used in the laws referring to the petty trading of the Jews, which laws aimed to exclude the Jews from such...
351. Nathan Notkin (note) JE Russian army-contractor and financier; born at Shklov about the middle of the eighteenth century; died at St. Petersburg 1804...
352. Osip Konstantinovich Notovich JE Russian journalist; born in 1849 at Kertch, where his father was rabbi. Notovich studied law at the University of St. Petersburg...
353. Menahem Noveira JE Italian rabbi of Verona and poet of the eighteenth century. He was a grandson of Hezekiah Mordecai Basan. His three responsa...
354. Novgorod JE One of the oldest of Russian cities, on the River Volkhoff; it has been in existence since the ninth century. In the first...
355. Novgorod-syeversk JE Russian town in the government of Chernigov. The town dates its origin as far back as the eleventh century. Jews lived there...
356. Novgorod-volhynsk JE Russian town in the government of Volhynia. It has a total population of 16,873, of whom about 9,000 are Jews (1897). The...
357. Novoaleksandrovsk JE Russian city in the government of Kovno. It has (1897) a total population of 6,370, of whom 4,277 are Jews. Among the latter...
358. Novogrudok JE Russian town in the government of Minsk. The first mention of Jews in connection with Novogrudok dates back to 1484, when...
359. Novokonstantinov JE Russian town in the government of Podolia; it has a population of2,855, including 1,825 Jews. There are 245 Jewish artisans...
360. Novomoskovsk JE Russian city in the government of Yekaterinoslav; it has a total population of 12,862, including 1,147 Jews. Among the latter...
361. Novy-dvor JE Village in the district of Grodno. In the sixteenth century Novy-Dvor had a well-organized Jewish community, some of whose...
362. Novy Israel JE Name of a Jewish reformed religious party or sect, with tendencies toward Christianity, which arose in Odessa at the end of...
363. Nuisance JE ...
364. Book Of Numbers JE Fourth book of the Pentateuch. In the Septuagint version it bears the title 'ΑριΘμο in the...
365. Numbers Rabbah JE ...
366. Numbers And Numerals JE The letters of the alphabet were used as numerical symbols as early as the Maccabean period (comp. Numismatics). Whether such...
367. Numenius JE Son of Antiochus. Together with Antipater, son of Jason, he was sent to Sparta and Rome, first by Jonathan Maccabeus (I Macc...
368. Numismatics JE The study of Jewish coinage, strictly speaking, begins with the Maccabean period. Some information, however, concerning the...
369. Nun JE Fourteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The name signifies "fish," and perhaps indicates the original shape of the letter...
370. Henrique (enrique) Nunes JE Judæo-Portuguese convert to Christianity; born in Borba, Portugal; died July, 1524. After being baptized in Castile,...
371. Robert Nunes JE Jamaican magistrate; born in Montego Bay, Jamaica, Dec. 12, 1820; died at Falmouth, Jamaica, Jan. 31, 1889. Originally destined...
372. Manuela Nunes Da Almeyda JE Spanish poetess; born in London; mother of Mordecai Nunes Almeyda, the patron of the Spanish poet Daniel Israel Lopez Laguna...
373. David NuÑes-torres JE Ḥakam and editor; born probably at Amsterdam; died in 1728 at The Hague. He was preacher of the societies Abi Yetomim...
374. NuÑez JE Marano family, of which the following members are known: Beatriz Nuñez: Burned, at the age of sixty, at the auto da...
375. Maria NuÑez JE Daughter of the Portuguese Marano Gaspar Lopez Homem and Mayor Rodriguez; lived in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries...
376. Samuel NuÑez (ribiero) JE Marano physician of the eighteenth century; born in Lisbon. He belonged to a distinguished family in that city, and was a...
377. Isaac Joseph NuÑez-vaes JE Rabbi at Leghorn, Italy; died before 1788. A follower of the Cabala, he was highly respected by his contemporaries for his...
378. Jacob NuÑez-vaes JE Editor and rabbi of Leghorn, Italy; died there about 1815; son of Isaac Joseph Nuñez-Vaes, and pupil of Isaac Nu&#241...
379. Nuremberg JE Most important commercial city of Bavaria. According to Wagenseil ("De Civitate Norimburgiæ," p. 71), Jews were living...
380. Hilarius Nusbaum JE Polish historian and communal worker; born in Warsaw 1820; died there 1895. He was educated in the Warsaw rabbinical seminary...
381. Myer Nussbaum JE American lawyer; born in Albany, N. Y.; son of Simon and Clara Nussbaum, who went to America from Neustadt-on-the-Saale, Bavaria...
382. Nut JE The rendering in the English versions of the two Hebrew words "egoz" and "boṭnim."1. "Egoz." This is mentioned once...
383. Alexander NyÁri JE Hungarian art critic; born Aug. 28, 1861, at Zala-Egersczeg; educated at Vienna under Hansen, receiving his diploma as architect...
384. Nyons JE Town in the ancient province of Dauphiné, France. A Jewish community must have existed there before the fourteenth century...