Sodium:neurotransmitter symporter

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Sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family
Identifiers
Symbol	SNF
Pfam	PF00209
InterPro	IPR000175
PROSITE	PDOC00533
SCOP	2a65
TCDB	2.A.22
OPM family	67
OPM protein	2a65
Available PDB structures: 2a65A:5-512

Sodium:neurotransmitter symporters is a family of neurotransmitter transporters.

Neurotransmitter transport systems are responsible for the release, re-uptake and recycling of neurotransmitters at synapses.

High affinity transport proteins found in the plasma membrane of presynaptic nerve terminals and glial cells are responsible for the removal from the extracellular space of released-transmitters, thereby terminating their actions^[1]. Plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporters fall into two structurally and mechanistically distinct families.

The majority of the transporters constitute an extensive family of homologous proteins that derive energy from the co-transport of Na⁺ and Cl^-, in order to transport neurotransmitter molecules into the cell against their concentration gradient. The family has a common structure of 12 presumed transmembrane helices and includes carriers for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline/adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, proline, glycine, choline, betaine and taurine.

They are structurally distinct from the second more-restricted family of plasma membrane transporters, which are responsible for excitatory amino acid transport. The latter couple glutamate and aspartate uptake to the cotransport of Na⁺ and the counter-transport of K⁺, with no apparent dependence on Cl^-^[2]. In addition, both of these transporter families are distinct from the vesicular neurotransmitter transporters^[3]^[4].

Sequence analysis of the Na⁺/Cl^- neurotransmitter superfamily reveals that it can be divided into four subfamilies, these being transporters for monoamines, the amino acids proline and glycine, GABA, and a group of orphan transporters^[5].

[edit] Subfamilies

Betaine transporter (SLC6A12) IPR002983
Creatine transporter (SLC6A8) IPR002984
Dopamine neurotransmitter transporter (SLC6A3) IPR002436
Inebriated neurotransmitter transporter IPR002944
GABA neurotransmitter transporter GAT-1 (SLC6A1) IPR002980
GABA neurotransmitter transporter GAT-2 (SLC6A13) IPR002981
GABA neurotransmitter transporter GAT-3 (SLC6A11) IPR002982
Glycine neurotransmitter transporter, type 1 (SLC6A9) IPR003028
Noradrenaline neurotransmitter transporter (SLC6A9) IPR002435
Orphan neurotransmitter transporter (SLC6A15) IPR002438
Serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter transporter, N-terminal (SLC6A4) IPR013086
Taurine transporter (SLC6A6) IPR002434

[edit] Human proteins containing this domain

SLC6A1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, SLC6A5, SLC6A6, SLC6A7, SLC6A8, SLC6A9, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A13, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A16, SLC6A17, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, SLC6A20

[edit] References

^ Attwell D, Bouvier M (1992). "Cloners quick on the uptake". Curr. Biol. 2 (10): 541–543. doi:10.1016/0960-9822(92)90024-5. PMID 15336049.
^ Malandro MS, Kilberg MS (1996). "Molecular biology of mammalian amino acid transporters". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65: 305–336. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.001513. PMID 8811182.
^ Arriza JL, Amara SG (1993). "Neurotransmitter transporters: three distinct gene families". Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 3 (3): 337–344. doi:10.1016/0959-4388(93)90126-J. PMID 8103691.
^ Uhl GR, Johnson PS (1994). "Neurotransmitter transporters: three important gene families for neuronal function". J. Exp. Biol. 196: 229–236. PMID 7823024.
^ Nelson N, Lill H (1998). "Homologies and family relationships among Na+/Cl- neurotransmitter transporters". Meth. Enzymol. 296: 425–436. PMID 9779464.

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v • d • e Membrane proteins, carrier proteins: membrane transport proteins

ABC-transporter	A1, A2, A3, A4, A7, A8, A12, B1 B2-3, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B9, B11 C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C8, C8-9, C10, C13, C11 D1, D2, D3, D4, E1, F1, F2 G1, G2, G4, Sterolin (G5, G8)

Solute carrier	1A1-7, 1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1A4, 1A5, 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, 2A5, 2A6, 2A8, 2A9, 2A10, 2A12, 3A1, 3A2, 4A1, 4A2, 4A3, 4A4, 4A5, 4A7, 4A8, 4A11, 5A1-2, 5A1, 5A3, 5A5, 5A8, 6A1, 6A2, 6A3, 6A4, 6A5, 6A8, 6A9, 6A19, 7A1, 7A2, 7A3, 7A4, 7A5, 7A7, 7A8, 7A9, 7A11, 8A1-3, 9A1, 9A2, 9A3, 9A3R1, 9A3R2, 9A5, 9A6, 9A8, 10A1, 10A2, 10A3, 10A7, 11A1, 11A2, 11A3, 12A1-2, 12A3, 12A4, 12A5, 12A6, 12A7, 14A1, 13A3, 14A2, 15A1, 15A2, 16A1, 16A2, 16A3, 16A4, 17A1, 17A5, 17A6-8, 17A7, 18A1, 18A2, 18A3, 19A1, 19A2, 19A3, 20A1, 20A2, 22A1, 22A2, 22A3, 22A4, 22A5, 22A6, 22A7, 22A9, 22A11, 22A12, 22A18, 23A1, 23A2, 24A1-2, 24A5, 25A1, 25A3, 25A4, 25A4-6, 25A8, 25A10, 25A11, 25A12, 25A13, 25A14, 25A15, 25A17, 25A19, 25A20, 25A27, 25A31, 25A37, 25A39, 26A2, 26A3, 26A4, 26A5, 26A6, 26A7, 26A8, 27A1, 27A2, 27A3, 27A4, 28A1, 28A2, 29A1, 29A2, 29A4, 30A4, 30A7, 30A8, 31A1, 31A2, 32A1, 34A1, 34A2, 34A3, 35A1, 35A2, 35B2, 35B4, 35C1, 36A1, 37A4, 38A2, 38A3, 39A1, 39A2, 39A3, 39A4, 39A6, 39A7, 40A1, 43A1 44A1, 44A2, 44A4, 45A2, O1A2, O1B1, O1B3, O2B1, O431, O4A1

Monosaccharide	GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT5, GLUT6, GLUT8, GLUT9

Other	Amino acid (CD98) - Fatty acid (CD36) - Ion channels - Ion pumps - Mitochondrial membrane transport protein - Neurotransmitter transport proteins - Nuclear (Importin, Karyopherin)