Phenazocine

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Phenazocine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(2-phenylethyl)- 2,6-Methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol
Identifiers
CAS number	127-35-5
ATC code	?
PubChem	173449
Chemical data
Formula	C22H27NO
Mol. mass	321.45588 g/mol
Synonyms	Fenazocina, Phenazocinum, DEA No. 9715
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	?(UK)
Routes	Oral

Phenazocine (brandnames Prinadol, Narphen) is an opioid analgesic drug, which is related to pentazocine and has a similar profile of effects.

Effects of phenazocine include analgesia and euphoria, also may include dysphoria and hallucinations at high doses, most likely due to action at κ-opioid and σ receptors.^[1]

Phenazocine appears to be a much stronger analgesic with fewer side effects than pentazocine, probably due to a more favorable μ/κ binding ratio. Phenazocine is a much more potent analgesic than pentazocine and other drugs in the benzomorphan series, most probably due to the presence of an N-phenethyl substitution, which is known to boost μ-opioid activity in many classes of opioid analgesics.^[2]

Consequently phenazocine is some 4x the potency of morphine as an analgesic. Also it does not cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, making it more suitable than morphine for the treatment of biliary or pancreatic pain.^[3]

[edit] History

Phenazocine was invented in the 1950s ^[4][5]

Phenazocine was once widely used, and was mainly supplied as 5mg tablets of the hydrobromide salt, but its use was discontinued in the United Kingdom in 2001.^[6]

[edit] References

1. ^ Harris LS, Pierson AK (February 1964). "Some Narcotic Antagonists in the Benzomorphan Series". Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (143): 141–8. PMID 14163985. 
2. ^ Feinberg AP, Creese I, Snyder SH (November 1976). "The opiate receptor: a model explaining structure-activity relationships of opiate agonists and antagonists". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 73 (11): 4215–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.11.4215. PMID 186791. 
3. ^ Hopton D. (January 1971). "Double-blind clinical trial of the analgesic effects of phenazocine hydrobromide (Narphen) compared with morphine sulphate in patients with acute abdominal pain". Gut 12 (1): 51–4. doi:10.1136/gut.12.1.51. PMID 4929685. 
4. ^ Clarke EG (August 8, 1959). "Identification of Phenazocine, a Potent New Analgesic". Nature (184(Suppl 7)): 451. PMID 13810504. 
5. ^ Eckenhoff JE (May-June 1959). "Phenazocine, a new benzomorphan narcotic analgesic". Anesthesiology 20 (3): 355–8. PMID 13650222. 
6. ^ Monthly Release Terming and Coding Newsletter (PDF). NHS Information Authority (February 2001). Retrieved on 2008-01-11.

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