Nalidixic acid
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Nalidixic acid
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 1-ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-[1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | J01 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C12H12N2O3 |
| Mol. mass | 232.235 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Protein binding | 90% |
| Metabolism | Partially Hepatic |
| Half life | 6-7 hours, significantly longer in renal impairment |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
B U.S. |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | Oral |
Nalidixic acid (tradenames Neggram and Wintomylon) is the basis for quinolone antibiotics.
Nalidixic acid is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In lower concentrations, it acts in a bacteriostatic manner; that is, it inhibits growth and reproduction. In higher concentrations, it is bactericidal, meaning that it kills bacteria instead of merely inhibiting their growth.
It is especially used in treating urinary tract infections, caused, for example, by Escherichia coli, Proteus, Shigella, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella.. It is also a tool in studies as a regulation of bacterial division. It selectively and reversibly blocks DNA replication in susceptible bacteria. Nalidixic acid and related antibiotics inhibit a subunit of DNA gyrase and induce formation of relaxation complex analogue. It also inhibits the nicking dosing activity on the subunit of DNA gyrase that release the positive binding stress on on the supercoiled DNA.
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