Troglitazone

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Troglitazone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
5-(4-((6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8- tetramethylchroman-2-yl-methoxy) benzyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione)
Identifiers
CAS number	97322-87-7
ATC code	A10BG01
PubChem	5591
DrugBank	APRD00488
Chemical data
Formula	C24H27NO5S
Mol. mass	441.541 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	16-34 hours
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status
Routes	?

Troglitazone (Rezulin, Resulin or Romozin) is an anti-diabetic and antiinflammatory drug, and a member of the drug class of the thiazolidinediones. It was introduced and manufactured by Parke-Davis in the late 1990s but turned out to be associated with an idiosyncratic reaction leading to drug-induced hepatitis. It was withdrawn from the USA market on 21 March 2000, and from other markets soon afterwards.

[edit] Mode of action

Troglitazone, like the other thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone), works by activating PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors). Troglitazone is a ligand to both PPARα and - more strongly - PPARγ. Troglitazone also contains an α-tocopheroyl moiety, potentially giving it vitamin E-like activity in addition to its PPAR activation. It has been shown (Aljada et al) to reduce inflammation: troglitazone use was associated with a decrease of nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) and a concomitant increase in its inhibitor (IκB). NFκB is an important cellular transcription regulator for the immune response.

[edit] References

• Aljada A, Garg R, Ghanim H, et al (2001). "Nuclear factor-kappaB suppressive and inhibitor-kappaB stimulatory effects of troglitazone in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence of an antiinflammatory action?". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86 (7): 3250–6. doi:10.1210/jc.86.7.3250. PMID 11443197. 

[edit] External links

• Diabetes Monitor article on troglitazone
• RxList article on troglitazone
• FDA Recall FDA Recall Announcement

v • d • e Oral antidiabetic drugs and Insulin analogs (A10) Biguanides Metformin Sulfonylureas Carbutamide, Chlorpropamide, Glibenclamide (Glyburide), Gliclazide, Glimepiride, Glipizide, Gliquidone, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Acarbose, Miglitol, Voglibose Thiazolidinediones (TZD) Pioglitazone, Rivoglitazone†, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone‡ Meglitinides Nateglinide, Repaglinide, Mitiglinide Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors Alogliptin†, Saxagliptin†, Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog Exenatide, Liraglutide†, Albiglutide† Amylin analog Pramlintide Insulin analogs fast acting (Insulin lispro, Insulin aspart, Insulin glulisine), long acting (Insulin glargine, Insulin detemir), Inhalable insulin (Exubera) Dual PPAR agonists Aleglitazar†, Muraglitazar§, Tesaglitazar§ SGLT2 inhibitor Dapagliflozin†, Remogliflozin†, Sergliflozin† †Undergoing clinical trials. ‡ Withdrawn from market. §Development halted.