Glucagon-like peptide-1

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is derived from the transcription product of the proglucagon gene. The major source of GLP-1 in the body is the intestinal L cell that secretes GLP-1 as a gut hormone. The biologically active forms of GLP-1 are: GLP-1-(7-37) and GLP-1-(7-36)NH2.

GLP-1 secretion by L cells is dependent on the presence of nutrients in the lumen of the small intestine. The secretagogues (agents that cause or stimulate secretion) of this hormone include major nutrients like carbohydrate, protein and lipid. Once in the circulation, GLP-1 has a half life of less than 2 minutes, due to rapid degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4.

Contents 1 Physiological functions 2 See also 3 References 4 External links

[edit] Physiological functions

GLP-1 possesses several physiological properties that make it a subject of intensive investigation as a potential treatment of diabetes mellitus.^[1][2][3]. The known physiological functions of GLP-1 include:

• increases insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner.
• decreases glucagon secretion from the pancreas.
• increases beta cells mass and insulin gene expression.
• inhibits acid secretion and gastric emptying in the stomach.
• decreases food intake by increasing satiety.

[edit] See also

• Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
• Glucagon-like peptide-2
• type 2 diabetes
• exenatide
• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
• Liraglutide

[edit] References

1. ^ "Diabetes and Intestinal Incretin Hormones: A New Therapeutic Paradigm" at medscape.com (slide 36)
2. ^ Toft-Nielsen M, Madsbad S, Holst J (2001). "Determinants of the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetes.". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 (8): 3853–60. doi:10.1210/jc.86.8.3853. PMID 11502823. 
3. ^ Meier J, Weyhe D, Michaely M, Senkal M, Zumtobel V, Nauck M, Holst J, Schmidt W, Gallwitz B (2004). "Intravenous glucagon-like peptide 1 normalizes blood glucose after major surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes.". Crit Care Med 32 (3): 848–51. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000114811.60629.B5. PMID 15090972. 

[edit] External links

• Banting and Best Diabetes Centre at UT GLP-1
• MeSH Glucagon-Like+Peptide+1

v • d • e Gastrointestinal hormones, pancreatic hormones: proglucagon Oxyntomodulin (Glucagon) - Glucagon-Like Peptides (GLP1, GLP2)

v • d • e Oral antidiabetic drugs and Insulin analogs (A10) Biguanides Metformin Sulfonylureas Carbutamide, Chlorpropamide, Glibenclamide (Glyburide), Gliclazide, Glimepiride, Glipizide, Gliquidone, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Acarbose, Miglitol, Voglibose Thiazolidinediones (TZD) Pioglitazone, Rivoglitazone†, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone‡ Meglitinides Nateglinide, Repaglinide, Mitiglinide Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors Alogliptin†, Saxagliptin†, Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog Exenatide, Liraglutide†, Albiglutide† Amylin analog Pramlintide Insulin analogs fast acting (Insulin lispro, Insulin aspart, Insulin glulisine), long acting (Insulin glargine, Insulin detemir), Inhalable insulin (Exubera) Dual PPAR agonists Aleglitazar†, Muraglitazar§, Tesaglitazar§ SGLT2 inhibitor Dapagliflozin†, Remogliflozin† †Undergoing clinical trials. ‡ Withdrawn from market. §Development halted.