Livno
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| Livno | |
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  Livno
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | 10 |
| Government | |
| - Municipality president | Luka Čelan (HDZ) |
| Area | |
| - Total | 994 km² (383.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2003 census) | |
| - Total | 32,454 |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| Area code(s) | +387 34 |
| Website: http://www.livno-online.com/ | |
Livno is a town in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in south-western part of Bosnia. It is in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located between Tomislavgrad, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo and Kupres.
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[edit] Demographics
[edit] 1971
Municipality of Livno - total: 42,118[1]
- Croats - 31.657 (75.16)
- Muslims - 5.087 (12.07)
- Serbs - 4.791 (11.37)
- Yugoslavs - 434 (1.03)
- Others - 149 (0.37)
[edit] 1991
Municipality of Livno - total: 40,600[1]
- Croats - 29,324 (72.22%)
- Muslims by nationality - 5,793 (14.26%)
- Serbs - 3,913 (9.63%)
- "Yugoslavs" - 1,125 (2.77%)
- others and unknown - 445 (1.09%)
Town of Livno, itself - total: 10,080
- Muslims by nationality - 3,899 (38.68%)
- Croats - 3,504 (34.76%)
- Serbs - 1,556 (15.43%)
- "Yugoslavs" - 946 (9.38%)
- others and unknown - 175 (1.73%)
[edit] Geography
The territory of the municipality is 994 km² (384 sq mi). Livno is both the cultural and industrial center of the canton. It is the biggest city in the canton and situated 730 meters above sea level. The Bistrica River flows through the city and is itself is 3 km (1.9 mi) long, which means that it is a very small river. Livno is also situated in the Livno Fields which is the largest field in the entire country. The field is situated between the mountains Dinara and Kamešnica in the south, Tušnica in the east, Cincara in the north and Šator in the west. Livno Field is 405 km² (156 sq mi), making it almost half of the Livno municipality.
[edit] Climate
Livno has a stable continental climate with cold winters and hot summers. It is situated between big mountains like Cincar and Kamesnica which make the climate more continental than the climate in Mostar and Capljina for example. The winters in that part of the country are not as cold as in Livno.
[edit] History
The plains of Livno have been populated since approximately 2000 BC, and well into the Roman era. Livno celebrates its founding as being September 28, 892 due to it being mentioned in a document of the Croatian Duke Mutimir released at that time. Settlement at Livno certainly existed prior to this date as Iliric settlement. The ancient grave stones (called "Stećak") near the village of Potocani (near Livno) belong to one of the Iliric tibes, possibly the Dalmatae tribe.[citation needed] Slavs (Croatians) arrived to the region around the 6th century. The Iliric tribes assimilated into the Slave culture, and eventurally lost their language and customs customs. Through the next three centuries, they accepted the Catholic faith. From 1326 until 1463 Livno was part of the Bosnian Kingdom. One of the noble families of the Bosnian Kingdom bought Livno, Duvno, and Kupres (12th to 13th century) then called "Tropolje," (Three Fields). The beginning of 14th century saw the Ottoman Empire advance, invade, and occupy Bosnia for the next 400 years. In 1878) Livno was occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire by way of the Berlin Congress.
From 1918 it was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1929 the kingdom was renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia and divided into nine banates (banovine). Livno was divided into the Primorje banate, with its centre in the city of Split. This division brought Livno politically closer to Croatia. In 1939, the banates were further redrawn so that there was a Croatian banate (Banovina Hrvatska) which Livno was also a part of. From 1941 to 1945 Livno was part of the Fascist made "Independent State of Croatia". Writer Ivan Goran Kovačić joined the antifascist movement "Partisans" where he wrote his epic poem Jama (The Pit). He finished his poem in Livno.
At the end of World War II, Livno was a part of Yugoslavia, and after its collapse, a part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
[edit] Miscellaneous
In recent years there has been some debate over whether Livno is part of the historical region of Bosnia, or of Herzegovina.[citation needed] Whatever the case, the city is culturally on the crossroads between Dalmatia, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Recently, however, local courts have ruled that using Herzeg or Herzegovina to describe Canton 10 is unconstitutional and disallowed it on the grounds that no part of the Canton including Livno is a part of Herzegovina.[1]
The city's main landmark is a monument to Croatian King Tomislav, who was crowned at the nearby fields of Duvno.
Livno is also known for its cheese, Livanjski Sir or Livno cheese, which was first made during the Austro-Hungarian occupation.
[edit] Sport
The local football club is NK Troglav.
[edit] Famous residents
- Bisera Alikadić
- Zdravko Anić
- Branko Dokić
- Gabrijel Jurkić
- fra Lovro Karaula
- fra Marijan Karaula
- Gordana Boban
- Hasan Brkić
- Ivo Džaja
- Ale Kamber
- Berislav Džaja
- Mato Radnić Baja
- Hasan Livnjak
- Hadži Jusuf Livnjak
- Narcis Jenko
- Stipo Manđeralo
- Borjana Krišto
- Pero Mioć
- Ivica Šiško
- Fra Anđeo Kaić
- Ivica Propadalo
- Muharem Borić
- Slavko Gotovac
- fra Mihovil Sučić
- Jovan Sundečić
- Ivo Šeremet
- Fra Marko Gelo
- Ivica Vlašić
- Alibeg Firdus
- Vlado Marjanović
- Mladen II. Šubić
- Davor Šuker
- Ministar Šuker
- Branko Ivković
- Anto Đapić
- Tomislav Mavretić
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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