Clotrimazole

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Clotrimazole
Systematic (IUPAC) name
1-[(2-chlorophenyl)-diphenyl-methyl]imidazole
Identifiers
CAS number	23593-75-1
ATC code	A01AB18 D01AC01, G01AF02
PubChem	2812
DrugBank	APRD00244
Chemical data
Formula	C22H17ClN2
Mol. mass	344.837 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Poorly and erratically absorbed orally
Protein binding	90%
Metabolism	hepatic
Half life	2 hours
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	A(AU) C (oral) & B (topical) (US)
Legal status	P(UK)
Routes	topical

Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections of both humans and animals such as vaginal yeast infections and ringworm. It is also used to treat athlete's foot and jock itch.

Contents 1 Indications and formulations 2 Drug interactions 3 Mechanism of Action 4 Side effects 5 External links

[edit] Indications and formulations

It is commonly available as an over-the-counter substance in various dosage forms, such as a cream, and also (especially in the case of ear infection) as a combination medicine. In the latter case, it typically includes an antibiotic such as Marbofloxacin, and is applied in liquid form, as ear drops.

Fungal infections can be slow to clear up, so the usual course for an anti-fungal agent is generally longer than the typical 3-7 days of an antibiotic.

Women who suffer from vaginal yeast infections, such as candidiasis, can buy clotrimazole at a pharmacy. In the UK, Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, and parts of Latin America and the Caribbean the drug is marketed under the name Canesten. In the US it is marketed as MyCelex and Lotrimin or Lotrimin AF; in Israel, as Agisten, Clotrimaderm, or Clotrimazole-Teva.

In Australia, sufferers can use 'Clonea Antifungal Skin Cream' which contains 10mg/g of clotrimazole, and should be applied sparingly to the affected area 2-3 times daily. Furthermore it is essential to continue using the cream two weeks after the infection is disappeared to avoid reinfection.

[edit] Drug interactions

There is the potential for drug interactions with Clotrimazole if taken orally, as it is a potent, specific inhibitor of cytochrome P450 oxidase enzymes and so may alter the metabolism of other drugs.

[edit] Mechanism of Action

Clotrimazole inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450 synthesis of ergosterol, which decreases fungal cell wall integrity.

[edit] Side effects

Occasionally may cause localised irritation of the skin with a mild burning sensation, redness and itching.

[edit] External links

• MedlinePlus - Clotrimazole

v • d • e Stomatological preparations (A01) Caries prophylactic agents Sodium fluoride - Sodium monofluorophosphate - Olaflur - Stannous fluoride Anti-infectives and antiseptics Hydrogen peroxide - Chlorhexidine - Amphotericin B - Polynoxylin - Domiphen - Oxyquinoline - Neomycin - Miconazole - Natamycin - Hexetidine - Tetracycline - Benzoxonium chloride - Tibezonium iodide - Mepartricin - Metronidazole - Clotrimazole - Sodium perborate - Chlortetracycline - Doxycycline - Minocycline - Eugenol Corticosteroids Triamcinolone - Dexamethasone - Hydrocortisone Other Epinephrine/Adrenalone - Benzydamine - Acetylsalicylic acid - Amlexanox

v • d • e Antifungals (D01 and J02) Antibiotics Griseofulvin • polyene antimycotics (Natamycin, Nystatin) Topical azoles imidazoles (Bifonazole, Clomidazole, Clotrimazole, Econazole, Fenticonazole, Ketoconazole, Isoconazole, Miconazole, Neticonazole, Oxiconazole, Sertaconazole, Sulconazole, Tioconazole) • triazoles (Fluconazole) • benzimidazole (Thiabendazole) Other topicals Ciclopirox • Ethylparaben • Flucytosine • Salicylic acid • Selenium sulfide • Tolnaftate • Undecylenic acid • allylamines (Amorolfine, Butenafine, Naftifine, Terbinafine) For systemic use Griseofulvin • allylamine (Terbinafine) • polyene antimycotic (Amphotericin B) • triazoles (Itraconazole, Posaconazole, Voriconazole) • echinocandins (Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, Micafungin) Other Tea tree oil • citronella oil • lemon grass • orange oil • patchouli • lemon myrtle

v • d • e Gynecological anti-infectives and antiseptics (G01) Antibiotics polyene antimycotic (Nystatin, Natamycin, Amphotericin B) - Candicidin - Chloramphenicol - Hachimycin - Oxytetracycline - Carfecillin - Mepartricin - Clindamycin - Pentamycin Arsenic compounds Acetarsol Quinoline derivatives Diiodohydroxyquinoline - Clioquinol - Chlorquinaldol - Dequalinium - Broxyquinoline - Oxyquinoline Organic acids Lactic acid - Acetic acid - Ascorbic acid Sulfonamides Sulfatolamide Imidazole derivatives Metronidazole - Clotrimazole - Miconazole - Econazole - Ornidazole - Isoconazole - Tioconazole - Ketoconazole - Fenticonazole - Azanidazole - Propenidazole - Butoconazole - Omoconazole - Oxiconazole - Flutrimazole Triazole derivatives Terconazole Other Clodantoin - Inosine - Policresulen - Nifuratel - Furazolidone - Methylrosaniline - Povidone-iodine - Ciclopirox - Protiofate - Lactobacillus fermentum - Copper usnate