From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Timeline of clothing and textiles technology.
- See also: History of clothing and textiles
- See also: textile manufacturing
- pre-history - spindle used to create yarn from fibres.
- (unknown) - loom.
- c. 27000 BC - Impressions of textiles and basketry and nets left on little pieces of hard clay.[1]
- c. 25000 BC - Venus figurines depicted with clothing.[1]
- c. 8000 BC - Evidence of flax cultivation in the Near East.[2]
- c. 6500 BC - Approximate date of Naalebinding examples found in Nehal Hemar cave, Israel. This technique, which uses short separate lengths of thread, predated the invention of spinning (with its continuous lengths of thread) and requires that all of the as-yet unused thread be pulled through the loop in the sewn material.[3] This requires much greater skill than knitting in order to create a fine product.[4]
- c. 6000 BC - Evidence of woven textiles used to wrap the dead at Çatalhöyük in Anatolia.[2]
- c. 5000 BC - Production of linen cloth in Ancient Egypt, along with other bast fibers including rush, reed, palm, and papyrus.[5]
- 4200 BC - Date of Mesolithic examples of Naalebinding found in Denmark, marking spread of technology to Northern Europe.[6]
- c. 3000 BC - Breeding of domesticated sheep with a wooly fleece rather than hair in the Near East.[2]
- 200 BC to 200 AD - Approximate date of earliest evidence of "Needle Knitting" in Peru, a form of Naalebinding that preceded local contact with the Spanish.[7]
- c. 200 AD - Earliest woodblock printing from China. Flowers in three colors on silk.[8]
- 247 AD - Dura-Europos, a Roman outpost, is destroyed. Excavations of the city discovered early examples of naalebinding fabric.
- 500 to 1000 AD - spinning wheel in use in India.
- 500 AD -jia xie method for resist dyeing (usually silk) using wood blocks invented in China. An upper and a lower block is made, with carved out compartments opening to the back, fitted with plugs. The cloth, usually folded a number of times, is inserted and clamped between the two blocks. By unplugging the different compartments and filling them with dyes of different colors, a multi-colored pattern can be printed over quite a large area of folded cloth.[8]
- 600 AD - Oldest samples of cloth printed by Woodblock printing from Egypt.
- 1000's AD - Finely decorated examples of cotton socks made by true knitting using continuous thread appear in Egypt.[9]
- 1275 - Approximate date of a silk burial cushion knit in two colors found in the tomb of Spanish royalty.
- 1562 - Date of first example of use of the purl stitch, from a tomb in Toledo, Spain, which allows knitting of panels of material. Previously material had to be knitted in the round (in a tubular form) and cut it open.
- 1589 - William Lee invents the stocking frame.
- 1733 - John Kay patents the flying shuttle.
- 1738 - Lewis Paul patents the draw roller.
- 1764 - James Hargreaves or Thomas Highs invents the spinning jenny (patented 1770).
- 1767 - John Kay invents the spinning frame.
- 1769 - Richard Arkwright's water frame.
- 1779 - Samuel Crompton invents the spinning mule.
- 1784 - Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom.
- 1794 - Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin.
- 1801 - Joseph Marie Jacquard invents the Jacquard punched card loom.
- 1813 - William Horrocks improves the power loom.
- 1816 - Francis Cabot Lowell builds the first power loom in the United States.
- 1856 - William Henry Perkin invents the first synthetic dye.
- 1892 - Cross, Bevan & Beadle invent Viscose.
- 1889 - Northrop Loom: Draper Corporation, James Henry Northrop: First automatic bobbin changing weaving loom placed in production. Over 700,000 would be sold worldwide. (Over 100 Patents to James Henry Northrop' name)
- c. 1920 - Hattersley loom developed by George Hattersley and Sons.
- 1953 - First commercial Polyester fiber production by DuPont.
- 1954 - Fiber reactive dye invented.
- 1963 - Open-end spinning developed in Czechoslovakia.
[edit] See also
- ^ a b "Stone Age clothing more advanced than thought" by Gloria Chang, February 3, 2000
- ^ a b c Cambridge History of Western Textiles p. 39-47
- ^ Barber 1991.
- ^ Theaker 2006.
- ^ Cambridge History of Western Textiles p. 30-39
- ^ Bender 1990.
- ^ Bennett & Bird 1960.
- ^ a b Shelagh Vainker in Anne Farrer (ed), "Caves of the Thousand Buddhas" , 1990, British Museum publications, ISBN 0-7141-1447-2
- ^ Theaker 2006.
[edit] References
- Barber, E. J. W.; Prehistoric Textiles: The Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with special reference to the Aegean; Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1991; ISBN 0-691-03597-0 (Barber 1991)
- Barber, Elizabeth Wayland, Women's Work: The First 20,000 Years: Women, Cloth, and Society in Early Times, W. W. Norton & Company, new edition, 1995 (Barber 1995)
- Bender Jørgensen, Lise; 'Stone-Age Textiles in North Europe' in Textiles in Northern Archaeology, Textile Symposium in York, North European Symposium for Archaeological Textiles Monograph 3, NESAT III; London Archetype Publications, 1990; ISBN 1-873132-05-0.
- Bennett, Wendell C. & Bird, Junius B.; Andean Culture History; Handbook Series No. 15; second and revised edition; ©The American Museum of Natural History; A publication of the Anthropological Handbook Fund, New York, 1960
- Jenkins, David, ed.: The Cambridge History of Western Textiles, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 0521341078
- Theaker, Julie. 'History 101' in www.knitty.com
