From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Psyttaleia (Greek: Ψυττάλεια) is an uninhabited island in the Saronic Gulf a few miles off the coast of Piraeus, Greece. It covers an area of 0.375 square kilometers. The island currently houses the largest sewage treatment plant in Europe,[2][3][4] with a projected daily maximum drying capacity of 750 tons of sewage.[5] Administratively it is part of the Municipality of Piraeus.
[edit] History
- See also: Battle of Salamis
In 480 BC, before the naval battle of Salamis, the Persians installed a guard of soldiers and noblemen. After the Greek victory, the Persian fleet retreated towards Phaliron and the guard was abandoned. Aristides, the Athenian strategos, landed on the island and executed all Persians. During that time, the island was called Lypsokoutála (Λυψοκουτάλα - lit. half-spoon), due to the fact that it resembled a half-spoon when seen from the Aegaleo mountain. In modern history, the island was briefly transformed into a naval prison, in accordance with the French model of the time.
[edit] Sewage treatment plant
Since the 1990s, the Saronic Gulf was starting to become polluted by industrial and residential sewage from Athens and Piraeus. In order to protect the ecosystem and due to considerations for negative implications on tourism, a sewage treatment plant was installed on the island which started operation on November 1994.[6] This included the primary treatment, which prevents the waste from entering the sea, but did not provide a permanent solution for the resulting sludge. Temporary solutions of exporting the sludge and of neutralizing it through oxidization proved insufficient over the years.
On June 1, 2007, the sludge treatment plant was put into operation, with two production lines of a total waste drying capacity of 500 tons per day, which matches today's daily sewage influx. Another two production lines started operation a month later, raising the total capacity to more than 750 tons per day.[5] It is estimated that the remaining sludge of 150 to 160,000 tons, that was accumulated on the island over the years when only the primary treatment was active, will be converted to biofuel in the first six months of operation. The resulting biofuel will be used mostly in industry, especially in cement production companies and electricity power plants.[7] On October 5, 2007, environment vice-minister Themistoklis Xanthopoulos announced that there won't be one kilo of sludge left in the following 5 months, that full operation has been completed, and that stern auditors such as the European Court of Auditors have exclaimed the quality of the plant.[8]
[edit] References
- ^ Basic Characteristics. Ministry of the Interior. www.ypes.gr. Retrieved on 2007-08-07.
- ^ (Greek) Athens Stock Exchange, Elliniki Technodomiki TEB AE, Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ^ (Greek) Themeliodomi, Environmental protection works, Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ^ Andritz, Andritz to supply sewage sludge drying system for Athens, Greece, Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ^ a b (Greek) Antenna News, Karamanlis in Psyttaleia, Retrieved on 2007-06-08
- ^ (Greek) EYDAP AE, Psyttaleia Sewage Plant, Retrieved on 2007-06-08
- ^ (Greek) Ethnos, Psyttaleia "breathes", Retrieved on 2007-06-08
- ^ (Greek) Skai News, "Ούτε 1 κιλό λυματολάσπης στην Ψυττάλεια" ("Not a kilo of sludge in Psyttaleia"), Retrieved on 2007-10-05.
[edit] External links
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The Saronic Islands |
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Aegina • Hydra • Poros • Spetses • Angistri • Salamina • Psyttaleia • Leros Salaminos • Revythoussa • Moni Aiginas • Dokos • Spetsopoula • Romvi • Plateia • Psili • Agios Georgios • Patroklou • Fleves • Agios Georgios Salaminos • Ypsili Diaporion • Ypsili Argolidos • Agios Thomas Diaporion • Agios Ioannis Diaporion • Plateia Aiginis • Laousses Islets • Kyra Aiginis • Trikeri Hydras • Alexandros Hydras • Stavronisi Hydras • Velopoula • Falkonera
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Greece
