Near-close near-front unrounded vowel

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IPA – number	319
IPA – text	ɪ
IPA – image
Entity	ɪ
X-SAMPA	I
Kirshenbaum	I
Sound sample (help·info)

Contents 1 Near-close near-front unrounded vowel 1.1 Features 1.2 Occurrence 2 Near-close central unrounded vowel 2.1 Features 2.2 Occurrence 3 References 4 Bibliography

[edit] Near-close near-front unrounded vowel

The near-close near-front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɪ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is I. The IPA symbol is a small capital letter i.

[edit] Features

• Its vowel height is near-close, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a close vowel, but slightly less constricted.
• Its vowel backness is near-front, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a front vowel, but slightly further back in the mouth.
• Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Dutch		ik	[ɪ̽k]	'I'	See Dutch phonology
English		bit	[bɪt]	'bit'	See English phonology
French	Quebec	petite	[pətsɪt]	'small'	Occurs only in closed syllables. See Quebec French phonology
German		bitte	[ˈbɪtə]	'please'	See German phonology
Irish		duine	[dɪnʲə]	'person'	See Irish phonology
Plautdietch		winta	[vɪntə]	'winter'
Portuguese	Brazilian[1]	saque	[ˈsakɪ]	'withdrawal'	Unstressed vowel. See Portuguese phonology
Norwegian		litt	[lɪt]	'a little'	See Norwegian phonology
Russian[2]		дерево	[ˈdʲerʲɪvə]	'tree'	Occurs only in unstressed syllables. See Russian phonology
Scottish Gaelic		thig	[ɪk]	'come'
Sicilian		arrìriri	[arrɪriri]	'smile'
Swedish		sill	[sɪl] (help·info)	'herring'	See Swedish phonology
Ukrainian		кит	[kɪt]	'whale'	See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese		chị	[cɪj]	'elder sister'	See Vietnamese phonology

[edit] Near-close central unrounded vowel

The near-close central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound as < ɪ̈ > (centralized ɪ) or < ɨ̞ > (lowered ɨ). In many British dictionaries, this vowel has been transcribed ɪ, which captures its height; in the American tradition it is more often ɨ, which captures its centrality. Recently the OED has adopted an unambiguous but unofficial extension of the IPA, ᵻ (ɪ̵), that is a conflation of the other two symbols.

[edit] Features

• Its vowel height is near-close, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a close vowel, but slightly less constricted.
• Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
• Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are spread.

[edit] Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
English		parallelepiped	[ˌpæɹəlɛlɪ̈ˈpɪpɪ̈d]	'parallelepiped'	Reduced vowel for speakers who contrast schwa with "schwi." See English phonology
Russian[3]		жена	[ʐɨ̞ˈna]	'wife'	Occurs only after unpalatalized consonants and in unstressed syllables. See Russian phonology
Welsh	Northern dialects[4]	example needed	--	--

[edit] References

[edit] Bibliography

• Barbosa, Plínio A. & Eleonora C. Albano (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 227-232
• Jones, Daniel & Ward Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press