Muscarinic antagonist

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A muscarinic receptor antagonist is an agent that reduces the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Most of them are synthetic, but scopolamine and atropine are belladonna alkaloids, and are naturally extracted.

Important^[1] muscarinic antagonists include atropine, hyoscine, ipratropium, tropicamide, cyclopentolate and pirenzepine.

Contents 1 Comparison table 2 See also 3 References 4 External links

[edit] Comparison table

Substance	Trade names	Mechanism[2]	Clinical use[2]	Adverse effects[2]
Atropine (D/L-Hyoscyamine)		non-selective antagonism, CNS stimulation	in anaesthesia anticholinesterase poisoning bradycardia antispasmodic in gastrointestinal hypermotility	urinary retention xerostomia blurred vision
Scopolamine (L-Hyoscine)		non-selective antagonism, CNS depression	as atropine motion sickness	as atropine sedation
Ipratropium		non-selective antagonism, without any mucociliary excretion inhibition.	in asthma and bronchitis
Tropicamide		short acting non-selective antagonism, CNS depression	produce mydriasis and cycloplegia in diagnostics	may cause ocular hypertension
Pirenzepine		M1 receptor-selective antagonist inhibits gastric secretion	in peptic ulcer (not much anymore)	(fewer than non-selective ones)
Diphenhydramine	Benadryl		for extrapyramidal symptoms from typical antipsychotic medications
Dimenhydrinate	Dramamine		motion sickness
dicyclomine
flavoxate
oxybutynin
tiotropium	Spiriva
cyclopentolate		short acting non-selective antagonism, CNS depression	produce mydriasis and cycloplegia in diagnostics	may cause ocular hypertension
atropine methonitrate		non-selective antagonism, blocks transmission in ganglia	antispasmodic in gastrointestinal hypermotility
trihexyphenidyl	Artane
tolterodine	Detrusitol
solifenacin	Vesicare
darifenacin	Enablex
benztropine	Cogentin
Mebeverine	Bought U.K	[3]

[edit] See also

• Muscarinic receptor agonist
• Parasympatholytic
• Anticholinergic

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• http://cvpharmacology.com/antiarrhy/atropine.htm
• MeSH Muscarinic+antagonists

v • d • e Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders (A03) Drugs for functional bowel disorders antimuscarinics: Mebeverine - Dicycloverine - Propantheline papaverine and derivatives: Papaverine - Drotaverine - Moxaverine acting on serotonin receptors: 5-HT3 antagonists (Alosetron, Cilansetron) - 5HT4 agonists (Mosapride, Tegaserod) other: Diisopromine - Isometheptene - Phloroglucinol - Proglumide - Tridihexethyl Belladonna and derivatives (antimuscarinics) Atropine - Hyoscyamine - Butylscopolamine - Methylscopolamine - Scopolamine - Tincture of Belladonna Propulsives primarily dopamine antagonists (Metoclopramide/Bromopride, Domperidone, Alizapride) - serotonin agonists (Cisapride) - Clebopride

v • d • e Urologicals (G04) Acidifiers Ammonium chloride, Calcium chloride Urinary antispasmodics (primarily antimuscarinics) Darifenacin, Emepronium, Fesoterodine, Flavoxate, Meladrazine, Oxybutynin, Propiverine, Solifenacin, Terodiline, Tolterodine, Trospium For erectile dysfunction prostaglandins: Alprostadil PDE5 inhibitors: Avanafil - Sildenafil - Tadalafil - Udenafil - Vardenafil alpha blockers: Moxisylyte - Phentolamine - Yohimbine others: Apomorphine - Papaverine Other urologicals Acetohydroxamic acid, Collagen, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Magnesium hydroxide, Pentosan polysulfate, Phenazopyridine, Phenyl salicylate, Succinimide For benign prostatic hypertrophy 5α-reductase inhibitors: Dutasteride, Finasteride Alpha blockers: Alfuzosin, Doxazosin, Silodosin, Tamsulosin, Terazosin Herbals: Pygeum africanum, Serenoa repens

v • d • e Ophthalmologicals: mydriatics and cycloplegics (S01F) Anticholinergics/antimuscarinics Atropine - Scopolamine - Methylscopolamine - Cyclopentolate - Homatropine - Tropicamide Sympathomimetics Phenylephrine - Ephedrine - Ibopamine

v • d • e Receptor agonists, antagonists, and reuptake inhibitors BA/M: 5-HT (serotonin) receptor Serotonin receptor agonist • Serotonin antagonist (5-HT3) • Serotonin uptake inhibitor (SSRI) BA/M: Dopamine receptor Dopamine agonist • Dopamine antagonist • Dopamine reuptake inhibitor BA/M: Adrenergic receptor Adrenergic agonist (Alpha, Beta2) • Adrenergic antagonist (Alpha, Beta) • Adrenergic uptake inhibitor BA/M: Histamine receptor Histamine agonist • Histamine antagonist (H1, H2) Acetylcholine receptor Cholinergic (Muscarinic, Nicotinic) • Anticholinergic (Muscarinic, Nicotinic) • Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor AA: GABA receptor GABA agonist • GABA antagonist AA: Glutamate receptor NMDA receptor (NMDA receptor antagonist)