Krishna district

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  ?Krishna
Andhra Pradesh • India
Map indicating the location of Krishna
Thumbnail map of India with Andhra Pradesh highlighted
Location of Krishna
Coordinates: 16°10′N 81°08′E / 16.17, 81.13
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
Area 8,727 km² (3,370 sq mi)
Headquarters Machilipatnam
Population
• Density		 4,187,841 (2,001 Census)
• 479 /km² (1,241 /sq mi)
Website: http://www.krishna.gov.in

Coordinates: 16°10′N 81°08′E / 16.17, 81.13 Krishna District (Telugu: కృష్ణా జిల్లా, Urdu: کریشنا جلا, Hindi: कृष्णा ज़िला) is a district of India's Andhra Pradesh state. It is named after the Krishna River which flows through the district. It has a population of 4,187,841 of which 32.08% is urban as of 2001.[1]

Machilipatnam is the administrative headquarters of the district. Vijayawada is the commercial center of the state. The district is bounded by Khammam District to the north-west, West Godavari District to the north-east, the Bay of Bengal to the south-east, Guntur District to the southwest, and Nalgonda District to the west.

Krishna district is considered as the hub for pre-university education in Andhra Pradesh.

Contents

[edit] History

This history of this region dates back to 2nd century BCE. [2]

Satavahana period (230 BC -227 AD): The Satavahanas ruled this region with headquarters at Srikakulam. Prominent rulers during this period were Srimukha (founder), Goutamputra Satakarni and Yagnasri Satakarni (last Satavahan king).

Pallavas 500 AD - 340 AD): The pallava kingdom was spread between amaravati in the east, bellary in the west and kancheepuram in the south with capital cities at venginagar nere Ellore and Pithapuram.

Bruhitpalayanas: The contemporaries of pallavas who ruled the district with Koduru as their capital.

Vishnu kundinas (5th Century AD): The 5th century rulers whose reign saw the construction of cave temples at Mogalrajapuram and Undavalli.

Eastern chalukyas ( 615 AD - 1070 AD): The entire andhra country was under the control of a single ruler under their reign. The eastern chalukyas are credited with construction of many temples in this region.

Cholas: Cholas ruled this region with capital at Rajamahendri .

Kakatiyas: They ruled this region up to earyl 14th century with Orugallu as their capital.

Gajapathis of Orissa: Significant contributiions by these rulers were construction of Vidyadharapuram (now in Vijayawada) and a reservoir at Kondapalli.

Vijayanagara empire: Krishna devaraya of Vijayanagar conquered this region in early 16th century.

Qutb Shahis: The kingdom of Golconda included this district within its limits. The two ministers fo Abu-l-hussain shah (aka tanisha), Akkanna and Madanna had their office at Vijayawada. This was attributed to their devotion to Kanaka Durga.

Nizams: This district was included in the Golconda province by Aurangazeb.

English: In the year 1611 the English founded their settlement at Masulipatnam which was their headquarters until they finally moved to Madras in 1641. The Dutch and French also had settlements in masulipatnam. The British rules this region after the decline of Nizam rulers.

Krishna District with its District Headquarters at Machilipatnam was formerly called as Machlipatnam District. Later it was renamed as Krishna District after the holy river Krishna, by adding certain Taluks of the abolished Guntur District in 1859. Again in 1925 Krishna District was further divided into Krishna and West Godavari Districts. There were no significant further changes in its jurisdiction except some minor changes (in Divi Taluk and Munagala paragana).

Srikakulam : There are two places with the same name in the state. A district and town by the same name on the north east corner of the state as well as a small village on the bank of river Krishna in Ghantasala (Mandal) of Krishna district. The village Srikakulam houses the Andhra Maha Vishnu Temple. Legend says that this temple was constructed by the great Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Kingdom.

Krishna district has considerable historic significance. Historic places in the district include:

Religiously significant places include:

It is the birth place of significant personalities in this part of the world, including:

[edit] Geography

The district is divided into upland and coastal area.Kolleru Lake, one of India's most ecologically significant wetlands, lies partly within the district.

Rivers:

  • Krishna
  • Budameru
  • Munneru
  • Tammileru.

Major Cities and Towns:

 The Barrage built on the river Krishna by [Comment:Sir Arthur Cotton don't even know 
about this Project, if you want to check it use wikipedia - M.S.Vara Prasad Resident of Vijayawada
 since 1981 May 29]Sir Arthur Cotton at Vijayawada is the Chief Irrigation
 Source to the District. The climate of Vijayawada, the major city in Krishna district is tropical
 in nature with hot summers and moderate winters. April to June are the summer months with 
temperatures ranging from a minimum of 27 °C to 45 °C. The temperatures during the winter months
 range from 28 to 17 °C. The area is very humid, the average humidity ranges from 68% during
 summer season.

[edit] Economy

The Majority of the people in Urban areas of Krishna district are engaged in trade and commerce. Agriculture is the most important occupation of the people of the district.

The District hosts many industries. KCP Sugar Factory at Vuyyur is one of the largest sugar plants in india,Vijayawada Thermal Power Station (VTPS) near Ibrahimpatnam is ranked as the No.1 Power generation unit in India for its high performance. Apart from this, many medium Scale Cement factories are there throughout the district. There are many small scale industries like musical instruments at Jaggayyapeta, Roldgold ornaments at Machilipatnam and Kondapalli toys. SIRIS Pharmaceutical Company at Vijayawada is another giant company manufacturing Allopathic medicines. The annual rainfall in the region is about 1028 mm and is contributed by the Southwest monsoon. The oldest port in Andhra Pradesh is at Machilipatnam.

[edit] Minerals

Natural Gas and Crude Oil is found extensively offshore and on the coastal belt of the district Small deposits of Diamonds are available.Limestone is a major mineral extracted in the district.Sand quarrying for construction is extracted from krishna and munneru rivers.

[edit] Divisions

The District is divided into four revenue divisions namely Vijayawada, Nuzvid, Machilipatnam, Gudivada revenue divisions each headed by a sub collector. There are a total of 50 mandals in Krishna District

[edit] Politics

Krishna district has two parliamentary constituencies Vijayawada and Machilipatnam .In Andhra pradesh assembly Krishna district has 17 constituencies namely Tiruvuru(SC), Nandigama, Mylavaram, Jaggayyapeta, Vijayawada(West), Vijayawada(East), Kankipadu, Nuzvid, Gannavaram, Vuyyuru, Gudivada, Pedana, Mudinepalli, Machilipatnam, Avanigadda, Malleswaram, Nidumolu(SC). Telugu Desam and Congress(I) are the main parties in the district.CPI(M) and CPI also have pockets of support .

[edit] Transport

  • The Bus complex (PNBS-Pandit Nehru Bus Station) at Vijayawada is one of the Biggest in Asia.
  • The Railway station at Vijayawada is the 2nd Busiest Junction in India. 164 trains pass by/originate/terminate at this railway station.
  • Airport is located at Gannavaram which is 16 km north east of Vijayawada connecting the city to hyderabad, chennai,bangalore, rajahmundry.

A new deep water port is under construction in machilipatnam.

Four national highways pass through the district NH-5 chennai to kolkata

NH-9 pune to machilipatnam

NH-221 vijayawada to jagdalpur

NH-214 kathipudi to ongole

[edit] Demographics

Krishna district has a population of 4,187,841 of which 32.08% is urban .Population density is 479 persons/sq.km while decadal population growth rate is 14.05%. 69.91% of people in district are literates.

[edit] Culture

The Telugu spoken over here (and the surrounding districts) is considered to be the standard dialect[1].

Kuchipudi dance form originated from this district.

[edit] Flora and fauna

The forest occupies only 9% of the total district area. They are two reserve forest in western krishna namely kondapalli reserve forest spread over 30,000 acres and G.konduru reserve forest spread over 10,000 acres. Huge stretches of forest in the district are degraded and Social Forestry drive is undergoing in many parts of the district in an effort to stem the problem.

[edit] Education

Vijayawada is one of the main education centers in Andhra pradesh .NTR University of Health Sciences is located in Vijayawada. International Institute of Information Technology is present in Nuzvid. South Indian branch of School of architecture and planning is present in Vijayawada.
It boasts HQs of numerous residential colleges and schools like Sri Chaitanya, Nalanda, Sri Krishnaveni which are among the biggest/largest of the Corporate Educational Institutes. Students from these institute perform amazingly well at State/National Level Common Entrance Tests like EAMCET, IIT, AIEEE featuring at least one rank in the top 10.
District has many engineering colleges of which Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College, KLCE are famous. After year 2000, many engineering colleges like Gudlavalleru Engineering College have come up in the district due to liberalizaton of the regulations for setting up a educational institute by AICTE. Mary Stella college, Sidhartha Degree College are few of the famous arts and science colleges in the district.

[edit] Sports

Kabaddi is the most popular sport followed by Cricket, volleyball and tennis. Indira gandhi stadium in Vijayawada hosts one day internationals of India.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Census GIS India
  2. ^ District History. Retrieved on 2007-01-03.

[edit] External links


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