Nellore

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For the district with the same name, see Nellore district.

?Nellore (నెల్లూరు) Andhra Pradesh • India
Nellore (నెల్లూరు)
Coordinates: 14°26′N 79°58′E / 14.43, 79.97
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	• 19 m (62 ft)
District(s)	Nellore
Population	578,947^{[citation needed]} (2007)
Website: www.nellore.co.nr

Coordinates: 14°26′N 79°58′E / 14.43, 79.97

Nellore (Telugu:నెల్లూరు) is a city located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is also the headquarters of Nellore district. It is of strategic commercial importance as it lies between the cities of Vijayawada and Chennai. It is located on the banks of Pennar river.

Nellore is an important telugu city from the time of Tikkana, famous telugu poet to present-day politics. The city set up the stage for formation of the Andhra Pradesh state.

1 Etymology
2 History
3 Geography
- 3.1 Climate
4 Government and politics
5 Transportation
6 Demographics
7 Mandals
8 References

[edit] Etymology

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As Nellore is famous for its high [paddy] yields,^{[citation needed]}it was named after the word 'nelli', which in Tamil means paddy. In the recent times, paddy fileds have give wayto the more lucrative and often risk prone Aquaculture. The erstwhile paddy fields are converted into fresh water Aqua Farms raising Fish and Prawns. The city was then known as Vikrama Simhapuri and was the capital of Manumasiddhi of Nellore Cholas. There are many beaches around Nellore. Mypadu and Kothakoduru beaches are well known in Nellore. Nellore is also famous for its natural harbour at Muthukur i.e, Krishnapatnam basin.

Nellore is home to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre(SDSC). Nellore is connected with the Grand Trunk Road (NH5) which was used by the British for transportation between Madras (now Chennai) and Calcutta( now Kolkata).

[edit] History

Nellore was part of the composite Madras state until 1 October 1953.^{[citation needed]}On 1 November 1956, when the states in India were reorganized on a linguistic basis, the district was transferred to Andhra Pradesh. Potti Sriramulu, a Telugu patriot and activist from Nellore fasted to death for the formation of the Andhra Pradesh state.

Nellore was a historically important Telugu city. It was under the Pallavas, Cholas, Chalukyas, Kakatitayas and Vijayanagara empire in its history. The city was most famous in 13th century, when Tikkana Somayaji translated Mahabharat into Telugu. The city was then known as Vikrama Simhapuri and was the capital of Manumasiddhi of Nellore Cholas. Tikkana, also a minister in the court of the king ManumaSiddhi, developed friendly relations with mighty Kakatiya kings with his poetry and was instrumental in getting military support from Warangal for his king. Molla, the second Telugu poetess had also written Telugu Ramayan here. Later it became part of the nawabs of Arcot who ruled from Vellore and was known as part of circars. Udayagiri fort still stands as a symbol of its great history. Till 1911, it was part of Guntur district which later became Nellore. Venkatgiri has several old temples and a hilltop fortress with a grand view.

[edit] Geography

Nellore city is located at 14°25′N, 79°58′E.^[1] It has an average elevation of 18 metres (62 feet).

It is frequently affected by cyclones. In summer, water is scarce in some areas. Its surrounding districts are Ongole, Cuddapah, Chittoor. It has the Bay of Bengal coast along its eastern periphery, Ongole to the north, Cuddappah to the west and Chittoor to its southern direction.

Along the western edge of the district are hills of the Eastern Ghats, bordering the Cudappah district. The Red Sanders tree is found in this region.

[edit] Climate

Winter: January and February
Summer: March to May
South West Monsoons - June to September
North East Monsoons - October to December

[edit] Government and politics

Nellore is the head quarters of the district. It contributes to one seat is state legislature and one Indian Parliament seat.

Amarajeevi Potti Sriramulu undertook a fast-unto-death for achieving the state of Andhra and losing his life in the process is from Nellore. The most popular communist leader Late Sri Puchhalapalli Sundaraiah hails from Nellore District. The ex-BJP National President Sri M.Venkaiah Naidu also hails from Nellore District.

Previous MLA's who represented Nellore in chronological order.

Name	Party	Term
Khandavalli Krishna Rao and Swarna Vemaiah	Independents & Double representation	1952 - 55
A.C Subba Reddy	I.N.Congress	1955 - 62
G.C. Kondaiah	Congress	1962 - 67
Annadata Madhava Rao	Jan Sangh	1967 - 72
Anam Venkata Reddy	Congress(I)	1972 - 77
K.V. Subba Reddy	Congress(I)	1978 - 83
Anam Ramanarayana Reddy	TDP	1983 - 85
K.V. Subba Reddy	Congress(I)	1985 - 89
Jakka Kodandarami Reddy(J.K.REDDY)	Independent	1989 - 94
Tallapaka Ramesh Reddy	TDP	1994 - 99
Anam Vivekananda Reddy	Congress(I)	1999 - 2004
Anam Vivekananda Reddy	Congress(I)	2004 - Tilldate

[edit] Transportation

A main national railway line passes through Nellore. The National Highway 5/Chennai-Kolkata Highway passes through Nellore. The nearest International Airport is about 170 km south in Chennai and airport in Tirupati is 120 km from Nellore. Land acquisition is going on for the construction of a new airport 20 km from Nellore. The city can be reached from all major south Indian cities like Hyderabad, Chennai or Bangalore by bus or train. Nellore has more than 140 mini buses serving the people for their daily needs. Originally it was part of MSM railway which later became part of Southern Railway and is now part of South Central Railway.

[edit] Demographics

As of the 2001 Indian census,^[2] Nellore has a population of 378,947 (agglomeration 554,922). Both males and females constitute 50% of the population. Nellore has an average literacy rate of 72%, 76% for males and 68% for females, higher than the national average of 59.5%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Telugu is spoken by majority of the people in the district while Tamil is spoken by a sizeable minority in the southern parts and southern coastal region of the district.