Jinan dialect

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Jinan dialect (traditional Chinese: 濟南話; simplified Chinese: 济南话; pinyin: jǐnánhuà) is a dialect of the Mandarin language family, which in turn constitutes one of the Sinitic language families. It is spoken in Jinan in the Shandong province.

Contents 1 Classification 2 Geographic distribution 2.1 Dialects 3 Phonetics and Phonology 3.1 Consonants 3.2 Vowels 3.2.1 Monophthongs 3.2.2 Diphthongs 3.3 Syllable structure 3.3.1 Onsets 3.3.2 Rimes 3.4 Tones 3.4.1 Citation tones 3.4.2 Tone Sandhi 4 Grammar 4.1 Morphology 4.2 Syntax 5 Vocabulary 6 History 7 Examples 8 References 9 See also 10 External links

[edit] Classification

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[edit] Geographic distribution

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[edit] Dialects

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[edit] Phonetics and Phonology

[edit] Consonants

Consonants of the Jinan dialect

		bilabial	labio-dental	alveolar	alveolo-palatal	retroflex	velar
nasal		m		n	ɲ		ŋ
plosives	voiceless unaspirated	p		t			k
	voiceless aspirated	pʰ		tʰ			kʰ
fricatives	voiced					ʐ
	voiceless		f	s	ɕ	ʂ	x
affricates	voiceless unaspirated			ts	tɕ	tʂ
	voiceless aspirated			tsʰ	tɕʰ	tʂʰ
lateral approximants				l

[edit] Vowels

[edit] Monophthongs

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[edit] Diphthongs

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[edit] Syllable structure

[edit] Onsets

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[edit] Rimes

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[edit] Tones

[edit] Citation tones

Tone chart of the Jinan dialect

Tone number	Tone name	Tone contour	Description
1	yin ping (陰平)	˨˩˧ (213)	dipping
2	yang ping (陽平)	˦˨ (42)	falling
3	shang sheng (上聲)	˥ (55)	high
4	qu sheng (去聲)	˨˩ (21)	low

[edit] Tone Sandhi

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[edit] Grammar

[edit] Morphology

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[edit] Syntax

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[edit] Vocabulary

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[edit] History

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[edit] Examples

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[edit] References

• Běijīng dàxué zhōngguóyǔyánwénxuéxì yǔyánxué jiàoyánshì. (1989) Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì. Běijīng: Wénzìgǎigé chūbǎnshè.(北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室. 1989. 漢語方音字匯. 北京: 文字改革出版社)
• Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). Chinese. Cambridge, England: CUP ISBN 0521296536
• Yuán, jiāhuá (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing, China: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.)

[edit] See also

• Mandarin (linguistics)
• List of Chinese dialects

[edit] External links

• Ethnologue report for Mandarin
• Cantonese and other dialects (in Chinese)
• Classification of Jilu Dialects from Glossika

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