James Bond (film series)

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The James Bond film series are spy films inspired by Ian Fleming's novels about the fictional MI6 agent Commander James Bond (codename 007). EON Productions have produced twenty-one films between 1962 and 2006, and another film is planned for 2008. In addition, there are two independent productions and an American television adaptation of the first novel. Albert Broccoli and Harry Saltzman co-produced the EON films until 1975, when Broccoli remained the sole producer. Since 1995, Broccoli's daughter Barbara and stepson Michael G. Wilson have co-produced them. Six actors have portrayed 007 so far.

Broccoli's and Saltzman's family company, Danjaq, has held ownership of the James Bond film series through Eon, and maintained co-ownership with United Artists since the mid-1970s. From the release of Dr. No (1962) up to For Your Eyes Only (1981), the films were distributed solely by UA. When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer bought UA in 1981, MGM/UA Entertainment Co. was formed and distributed the films until 1995. MGM solely distributed three films from 1997 to 2002 after UA retired as a mainstream studio. Beginning in 2006 with Casino Royale, MGM and Columbia Pictures co-distribute the franchise, as Columbia's parent company, Sony Pictures Entertainment, bought MGM in 2005. MGM will begin to solely distribute the films once more in 2010.^[1] The twenty-one Bond films have grossed over $4 billion dollars in the worldwide box office, being the second most profitable film series ever after Harry Potter.^[2]

Contents 1 Development 2 Films 3 Traditions 3.1 Quotations 3.2 Bond girls 3.3 Universal Exports 3.4 Vehicles and gadgets 4 Reception 5 Non-EON films 6 Future 7 Influence on films and television 8 Video game adaptations 9 References 10 External links

[edit] Development

Previous attempts to adapt the James Bond novels resulted in a 1954 television episode of Climax!, based on the first novel, Casino Royale. Ian Fleming desired to go one step further and approached Alexander Korda to make a film adaptation of either Live and Let Die or Moonraker, but Korda was not interested. On 1 October 1959, it was announced that Fleming would write an original film script featuring Bond for producer Kevin McClory. Jack Whittingham also worked on the script.^[3] However, Alfred Hitchcock and Richard Burton turned down roles as director and star respectively.^[4] McClory was unable to secure the financing for the film, and the deal fell through. Fleming used the story for his novel Thunderball (1961).^[3]

In 1956, producer Albert R. Broccoli expressed interest in adapting the Bond novels, but his colleague Irving Allen was unenthusiastic. In 1961, Broccoli, now partnered with Harry Saltzman, purchased the film rights to all the Bond novels (except Casino Royale) from Fleming.^[3] However, numerous Hollywood film studios did not want to fund the films, finding it "too British" or "too blatantly sexual".^[5] The producers wanted $1 million to either adapt Thunderball or Dr. No, and reached a deal with United Artists in July 1961. The two producers set up EON Productions and began production of Dr. No.^[3]

A contest was set up to 'find James Bond', and six finalists were chosen and screen-tested by Broccoli, Saltzman, and Fleming. The winner of the contest was a 28-year-old model named Peter Anthony, who, according to Broccoli, had a Gregory Peck quality, but proved unable to cope with the role.^[6] The producers turned to Sean Connery for five films. Meanwhile, McClory sued Fleming in high-profile court case, because Fleming had used Thunderball's story and characters without permission. He won the film rights to Thunderball, so when Broccoli and Saltzman made Thunderball as their fourth film, it was co-production with McClory. Part of the deal they made ensured McClory was unable to make Thunderball into a film for ten years.^[4]

After You Only Live Twice, Connery got tired and announced that it was his last movie as Bond. Following an extensive casting, Australian model George Lazenby became the new 007 in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969). Lazenby was offered a contract for seven movies, but was convinced by his agent that the secret agent would be archaic in the liberated 1970s and left the series.^[7] For the next film, Diamonds Are Forever (1971), the producers decided to return to the formula of Goldfinger, which was considered the most iconic Bond. Thus Goldfinger's director, Guy Hamilton, returned, as well as Sean Connery, who received a record £1.2 million.^[8]

For the next film in the series, Live and Let Die (1973), Roger Moore was cast as James Bond. Moore would become the longest-serving Bond, spending twelve years in the role and making seven official films. Moore showed interest in departing the series after 1981's For Your Eyes Only, but EON had him returning in 1983's Octopussy, due to a non-EON Bond film, Never Say Never Again, being released in the same year.^[9] He would only regret his last film, A View to a Kill (1985), for which he considered being too old for the job.^[10]

Roger Moore's third film, The Spy Who Loved Me (1977), became a turning point for the series in two ways: it was the first movie produced by Broccoli alone, as Harry Saltzman was forced to sell his half of the Bond film franchise in 1975 for twenty million pounds following huge debts;^[11] and also the first to include a completely original storyline, as Ian Fleming had given permission to use only the title of the novel.^[12] Production was plagued by McClory, who in 1975 leapt as his chance to create his rival Bond franchise, hiring Len Deighton to write and Connery to star once more. Their script, entitled James Bond Of The Secret Service, had to be changed to Warhead because of EON's objections. Filming was to begin in February 1977, and Paramount Pictures would back the film with a $22 million budget. Moore's second film, The Man With The Golden Gun, was a box office disappointment, and Broccoli was determined not to be upstaged. Their battle resulted in SPECTRE being replaced by Karl Stromberg in The Spy Who Loved Me, as McClory claimed ownership of SPECTRE (who were introduced in Thunderball). Nonetheless, Broccoli launched lawsuits against Warhead, and the script was dumped. Eventually, Connery starred in Never Say Never Again (1983).^[4]

In 1986, several actors were screen-tested for the James Bond role in the next film, including Sam Neill and Lewis Collins. Timothy Dalton, who had been considered to replace Sean Connery in 1968 — at that time refusing, feeling that he was too young — was subsequently cast for The Living Daylights.^[13] Dalton had signed for three films, but in 1989, the same year of his second appearance, Licence to Kill, MGM/UA was sold to the Australian based broadcasting group Quintex, which wanted to merge the company with Pathé. Danjaq, the Swiss based parent company of EON, sued MGM/UA because the Bond back catalogue was being licensed to Pathé, who intended to broadcast the series on television in several countries worldwide without the approval of Danjaq. These legal disputes engendered a six-year hiatus in the series.^[14] Owing to the disputes, Dalton's third film's production was postponed up to 1994.^[15] It never began and in April 1994, Dalton resigned from the role.^[16]

Prior to the six-year hiatus leading up to the Brosnan era, there had been a Bond film either every year or every other year from 1962 to 1989. Over the course of 16 films, 14 had title sequences designed by Maurice Binder, 13 had been scripted or co-scripted by Richard Maibaum, 11 had been scored by John Barry, and 7 had set designs by Ken Adam. None of them worked on a Bond film again after the last Timothy Dalton film. The only actor to work in subsequent films was Desmond Llewellyn as Q.

To replace Dalton, the producers cast Pierce Brosnan, who had been prevented from taking over the role from Roger Moore in 1985 because of his contract for Remington Steele.^[17][18] By then, the world had changed drastically. Brosnan's GoldenEye was the first film of the series to be produced since the disintegration of the Soviet Union. This cast doubt over whether Bond was still relevant in the modern world, as many of the previous films pitted him against Soviet adversaries.^[19] Much of the film industry felt that it would be "futile" to make a comeback for the Bond series, and that it was best left as "an icon of the past".^[20] However, when released, the film was viewed as a successful revivification that effectively adapted the series for the 1990s.^[21]

After the success of GoldenEye, there was pressure to recreate success in its follow-up, Tomorrow Never Dies, both from MGM, which had recently been sold to billionaire Kirk Kerkorian, who wanted the release to coincide with their public stock offering, and the worldwide audience, with co-producer Michael G. Wilson saying, "You realise that there's a huge audience and I guess you don't want to come out with a film that's going to somehow disappoint them." The rush to complete it meant the budget spiralled to around $110 million.^[22] Brosnan did two more films, The World Is Not Enough (1999) and Die Another Day (2002), before announcing he was quitting the role in 2005.

McClory also attempted to remake Thunderball again as Warhead 2000, following the success of GoldenEye. Liam Neeson and Timothy Dalton were considered for 007, while Roland Emmerich and Dean Devlin were developing the film at Sony Pictures. MGM launched a $25 million lawsuit against Sony, and McClory claimed a portion of the $3 billion profits from the Bond series. Sony backed down after a prolonged lawsuit, and McClory gave up. In exchange, MGM paid $10 million for the rights to Casino Royale, which had come into Sony's possession after its acquisition of the companies behind Climax! years before.^[4]

Casino Royale (2006), was a reboot of the franchise, establishing a new timeline and narrative framework not meant to precede any previous film.^[23] This not only freed the Bond franchise from more than forty years of continuity, but allowed the film to show a less experienced and more vulnerable Bond.^[24] The casting involved a widespread search for a new actor to portray James Bond, and significant controversy over Daniel Craig when he was eventually selected. Brosnan fans threatened to boycott the film in protest.^[25] However, as Casino Royale was released, reviews were favourable and the film became the highest grossing of the series.

[edit] Films

Title	Year	Actor	Director	Total Box Office[26]	Budget[26]
Dr. No	1962	Sean Connery	Terence Young	$59,600,000	$1,200,000
From Russia with Love	1963			$78,900,000	$2,500,000
Goldfinger	1964		Guy Hamilton	$124,900,000	$3,500,000
Thunderball	1965		Terence Young	$141,200,000	$5,600,000
You Only Live Twice	1967		Lewis Gilbert	$111,600,000	$9,500,000
On Her Majesty's Secret Service	1969	George Lazenby	Peter R. Hunt	$87,400,000	$7,000,000
Diamonds Are Forever	1971	Sean Connery	Guy Hamilton	$116,000,000	$7,200,000
Live and Let Die	1973	Roger Moore		$161,800,000	$7,000,000
The Man with the Golden Gun	1974			$97,600,000	$7,000,000
The Spy Who Loved Me	1977		Lewis Gilbert	$185,400,000	$14,000,000
Moonraker	1979			$210,300,000	$25,000,000
For Your Eyes Only	1981		John Glen	$195,300,000	$28,000,000
Octopussy	1983			$187,500,000	$35,000,000
A View to a Kill	1985			$152,400,000	$30,000,000
The Living Daylights	1987	Timothy Dalton		$191,200,000	$40,000,000
Licence to Kill	1989			$156,200,000	$42,000,000
GoldenEye	1995	Pierce Brosnan	Martin Campbell	$353,400,000	$60,000,000
Tomorrow Never Dies	1997		Roger Spottiswoode	$346,600,000	$110,000,000
The World Is Not Enough	1999		Michael Apted	$390,000,000	$135,000,000
Die Another Day	2002		Lee Tamahori	$456,000,000	$142,000,000
Casino Royale	2006	Daniel Craig	Martin Campbell	$594,239,066	$130,000,000
Quantum of Solace	2008		Marc Forster		$230,000,000
Totals	Films 1–22			$4,355,700,000	$842,800,000

Up to 1987's The Living Daylights, the James Bond films bore titles from the original novels and short stories of Ian Fleming. Following this, the next five films all had original titles, leaving six Fleming titles that had yet to be used in the official series. (However, material from the story "Risico" is used in the story of the film For Your Eyes Only and material from "The Property of a Lady" is used in the film Octopussy, and material from "The Hildebrand Rarity" appears in the film License to Kill.)

With the announcements of Casino Royale (2006) and Quantum of Solace (2008), the remaining four to be used are Risico, The Hildebrand Rarity, The Property of a Lady and 007 in New York. Prior to the announcement of the title of the 22nd Bond film, media reports from sources such as Variety and other entertainment industry publications speculated at that Risico and The Property of a Lady were being considered for what was eventually titled Quantum of Solace; Property of a Lady was also a title considered for a never-made early-1990s Bond film.^[27]

[edit] Traditions

The series has its cinematic traditions which date from the first film, with occasional exceptions. Designed by graphic artist Maurice Binder is the gun barrel sequence.^[28] At the start of each film, the gun barrel sequence is shown, accompanied by the opening bars of the James Bond theme. The view is of Bond as seen through the barrel of a gun that is being trained on him by an unknown assailant. Bond wheels around and shoots directly at the gun/camera, followed by the assassin's blood spilling across the barrel. In Dr. No, this was followed by the main title sequence, but in all but one of the subsequent films, a pre-title sequence follows that is loosely connected to the film's plot, and which is, in turn, followed by the opening credits. These title sequences incorporate visual elements reflecting the film's theme and, often, silhouettes of nude or provocatively clad women. A contemporary artist usually sings during this sequence, and an instrumental version of the main track may also feature as a leitmotif during the film.

Besides Dr. No, the lone film to vary from this combination of sequences, to date, has been Casino Royale (2006). This film is a reboot of the franchise, establishing a new timeline and narrative framework;^[29] and many of the conventions of the series were consciously left out of the movie, or are re-introduced. To this end, the gun barrel sequence is not used to start the film, but is instead re-introduced to conclude the pre-title sequence that depicts Bond's qualifying for "00" status, leading directly into the opening credits. As of January 2008 it had not yet been announced as to whether Quantum of Solace will reinstate the gunbarrel introduction.

So far only two Bond films, Casino Royale and On Her Majesty's Secret Service, do not end with Bond kissing the main Bond girl, making love to her, or implying that he will do so (in both cases this is due to the female character being deceased by the film's conclusion). Sometimes Bond's superiors catch him during his embraces. Every film except Dr. No (1962) and Thunderball (1965) has either the line "James Bond will return..." or "James Bond will be back" at the end of the closing credits. Until Octopussy (1983), the title of the next film to be produced was also named, although these were sometimes incorrect, as the filmmakers decided to adapt another novel, or in the case of A View to a Kill, the final title of the film was shortened from the original proposed title, From a View to a Kill.

With the exception of the 2006 version of Casino Royale, every Bond film to date includes a sequence in which Bond interacts with Miss Moneypenny, the personal assistant to M, Bond's superior. A running joke throughout the film series is Moneypenny's unrequited love for Bond and his playful flirting with her. One of the opening scenes in GoldenEye and a fantasy sequence in Die Another Day mark the only occasions in the EON film series in which Moneypenny was actually shown in a romantic embrace with Bond. The character was dropped from the reboot film Casino Royale, the first Bond film (official or unofficial) in which Moneypenny did not appear, and the character will not appear in Quantum of Solace, either.^[30]

Another ongoing tradition is the technical briefing, in which Bond receives special equipment from Q Branch to be used in his mission. In Dr. No, this consists of the armourer, Major Boothroyd, instructing Bond on a new firearm, the Walther PPK, but beginning with From Russia with Love the briefings involved various gadgets and technology, and Boothroyd was now referred to as Q. Each Bond film thereafter up until Die Another Day contains a technical briefing of some kind, usually given by Q, with the exception of Live and Let Die, in which Q does not appear and Bond himself describes his mission equipment to M and Moneypenny, and On Her Majesty's Secret Service in which Q does not brief 007 but is shown briefing M about a gadget. Q is often shown joining Bond in the field, taking with him a portable workshop and staff and an off-and-on tradition showed these workshops established in unusual locations, such as an Egyptian tomb in The Spy Who Loved Me and a South American monastery in Moonraker. On two occasions, in Octopussy and Licence to Kill, Q takes active roles in Bond's missions. With the 2006 Casino Royale reboot, the character of Q was, like Moneypenny, dropped, and although Bond still receives a supply of mission equipment, no technical briefing is shown on screen. It has been announced that Quantum of Solace will not feature Q, either.^[30]

In many of the films, the tossing of Bond's hat onto a coat rack in M's office signals the start of another adventure. There have been several variations on this theme. As Bond leaves the office in Goldfinger, Miss Moneypenny takes the hat from him and tosses it herself, hoping to induce him to stay. In Thunderball, he is cut off in mid-toss when Moneypenny announces that he is late. And when Bond is in Venice in Moonraker, he tosses his gondolier's hat onto a vacant gondola.

[edit] Quotations

Bond's famous introduction, "[My name is] Bond, James Bond," became a catchphrase after it was first uttered by Sean Connery in his opening scene in the first film, Dr. No. In Dr. No, Bond uses this line right after Sylvia Trench says she is "Trench, Sylvia Trench". On June 21, 2005, this was honoured as the 22nd historically greatest cinema quotation by the American Film Institute, in its 100 Years Series.^[31] To date, From Russia with Love, Thunderball, and You Only Live Twice are the only films in which Bond does not give his trademark introduction — although in Thunderball, the villainous character Fiona Volpe mocks him by saying it to him (as does Valentin Dmitrovitch Zukovsky in The World Is Not Enough). Similar in-jokes see Bond's introduction being rudely interrupted (in Goldfinger) or greeted with disdain (The Spy Who Loved Me) or even lethal disinterest (in Live and Let Die, when Mr Big shoots back: "Names is for tombstones… waste him!"). In the 2006 film Casino Royale that reboots the franchise, Bond does not utter this line until the end of the film.

Bond usually evinces a preference for vodka martinis, and his instruction on how it must be prepared, "Shaken, not stirred," quickly became another catchphrase. This line was honoured by the AFI as the 90th most-memorable cinema quotation. The description is first said by Doctor No in the 1962 film (demonstrating to Bond that he is familiar with his tastes). Bond himself first uses the line in 1964's Goldfinger. In You Only Live Twice, when Bond is offered a martini "stirred, not shaken" and asked if that is right, he politely says, "Perfect. Cheers." In GoldenEye, Zukovsky mockingly describes Bond as being "shaken, but not stirred" by his recent abduction. In Casino Royale, the in-joke is a furious Bond's reply — "Do I look like I give a damn?" — to a bartender's innocent query of "Shaken or stirred?".

[edit] Bond girls

A Bond girl is a character portraying Bond's love interest or sex object. In most films, they are victims rescued by Bond, ally agents, villainesses or henchwomen. Some, such as Honey Ryder, solely seduce the secret agent and have no direct involvement in his mission. Two of them (excluding novels by other authors)— Gala Brand and Vivienne Michel — appear only in the novels and have been excluded from the films.

Sylvia Trench is the only recurring Bond girl, while Swedish actress Maud Adams has played two different Bond girls in two films, The Man with the Golden Gun and Octopussy. Bond has fallen in love with only Tracy di Vicenzo in On Her Majesty's Secret Service and Vesper Lynd in Casino Royale, but both of them die at or near the end of the respective films. In all other films, Bond is engaged in amorous pursuits with the Bond girl at the end of the film.

[edit] Universal Exports

Universal Exports is used as a cover name for the British Secret Service in the films. It has been featured repeatedly in the films in various ways such as a direction sign in Dr. No, the abbreviation "UnivEx" in From Russia with Love, a brass name plate in On Her Majesty's Secret Service, Bond's helicopter in For Your Eyes Only, a building with a sign in The Living Daylights, an identity card in The World Is Not Enough, and a folder in Casino Royale. Bond has also given his introductions as a Universal Exports employee in You Only Live Twice, Octopussy, Licence to Kill, The World Is Not Enough, and Die Another Day.

[edit] Vehicles and gadgets

In most films, Q designs a variety of automobiles that are useful in Bond's missions, with the models of Bentley, Aston Martin, Lotus, BMW and Ford being driven frequently. The most famous car is the Aston Martin DB5, seen in Goldfinger, Thunderball, GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies and Casino Royale. The films have used a number of different Aston Martin DB5s for filming and publicity; one of which was sold in January 2006 at an auction in Arizona for $2,090,000 to an unnamed European collector. It was originally sold for £5,000 in 1970.^[32] Bond also shows his taste for aircraft, like a gyrocopter in You Only Live Twice and an Acrostar Jet in Octopussy, as well as marine vehicles such as a Lotus Esprit that could convert into a submarine in The Spy Who Loved Me and other submarines resembling an iceberg (A View to a Kill) or an alligator (Octopussy).

Originally, in the novels, gadgets were relatively unimportant. However, they took on a higher profile in the film version of From Russia with Love, and their use has continued ever since, notable exceptions being Dr. No, On Her Majesty's Secret Service and For Your Eyes Only in which Bond was given few gadgets. As noted above, with occasional exceptions, in most films Q would present and demonstrate Bond several tools assigned for the mission, and every device would be indispensable to Bond's success. A running joke established in Goldfinger is Q's continued disgust at how his equipment is often lost, damaged or destroyed by Bond during missions.

[edit] Reception

The films have been awarded two Academy Awards: for Sound Effects (now Sound Editing) in Goldfinger (1964) and for Visual Effects in Thunderball (1965). In 1982, Albert R. Broccoli received The Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award.^[33]

In 2007, IGN chose the James Bond series as the second best film franchise of all time, behind Star Wars.^[34]

[edit] Non-EON films

Prior to Eon's start in 1961, Casino Royale was adapted as a one-hour television episode of CBS' series Climax!. After Eon's formation, only two James Bond films were produced without the company's consent, due to the production rights of two Ian Fleming novels being lost.

In 1955, Ian Fleming sold the film rights of Casino Royale to producers Michael Garrison and Gregory Ratoff. These were later sold to producer Charles K. Feldman. Feldman initially went to Broccoli and Saltzman with a proposition to produce the film, however due to their negative experiences with Kevin McClory on Thunderball they declined. Feldman decided to start his own production and approached Connery who offered to do the film for $1 million dollars, which Feldman rejected. Since his previous film, the madcap comedy What’s New, Pussycat?, had been a success, Feldman decided to make a satirical Bond movie in similar vein. Problems ensued however when the star, Peter Sellers, walked off the project with scenes uncompleted, and script re-writes and directorial changes (the film ended up with five) caused the budget to escalate far beyond that of any Bond picture hitherto. The Casino Royale spoof was released in 1967.

When plans for a James Bond film were scrapped in the late 1950s, a story treatment entitled Thunderball, written by Ian Fleming, Kevin McClory and Jack Whittingham, was adapted as Fleming's ninth Bond novel. Initially the book was only credited to Fleming. McClory filed a lawsuit that would eventually award him the film rights to the title in 1963. Afterwards, he made a deal with EON Productions to produce a film adaptation starring Sean Connery in 1965. The deal stipulated that McClory could not produce another adaptation until a set period of time had elapsed, and he did so in 1983 with Never Say Never Again, which featured Sean Connery for a seventh time as 007. Since it was not made by Broccoli's production company, Eon Productions, it is not considered a part of the "official" film series. A second attempt by McClory to remake Thunderball in the 1990s with Sony Pictures was halted by a legal dispute resulting in the studio abandoning its aspirations for a rival James Bond series.

Eon later acquired the rights for both movies. Never Say Never Again was bought from Warner Bros. in 1997, ^[35] and Casino Royale was traded with Sony, along with the adaptation rights of the novel, in exchange for $10 million and the filming rights of Spider-Man.^[36]

Title	Year	James Bond	Total Box Office	Budget
Casino Royale — Satire	1967	David Niven	$44,400,000	$12,000,000
Never Say Never Again	1983	Sean Connery	$160,000,000	$36,000,000

[edit] Future

In addition to Quantum of Solace being scheduled for 31 October 2008, Bond 23 has been tentatively scheduled for a worldwide release in 2010.^[37] Daniel Craig will play Bond for the third time in a row. Michael G. Wilson indicated Bond 23 will be a stand-alone film, and not follow on directly from Quantum of Solace.^[38] He also felt he might delay the film by another year, as the 22nd film is leaving him exhausted. Quantum of Solace director Marc Forster said he will not return to direct.^[39] Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer will distribute the film on their own, following Sony's involvement in the previous two pictures.^[1]

In October 2007, MGM chief Harry Sloan stated Craig was signed on for Bond 24 and Bond 25.^[40] EON Productions signed on Craig after $100,000 worth of worldwide market research, which showed the actor to be a highly popular casting choice. Craig would stand to earn about $100 million for a total of four films.^[41] The actor denied these comments a month later.^[42]

[edit] Influence on films and television

See also: James Bond parodies

The success of the James Bond series in the 1960s led to various spy TV series, such as I Spy, Get Smart, and The Man from U.N.C.L.E., the last having enjoyed contributions by Fleming towards its creation. Bond has also received many homages and parodies in popular media, in works such as the Austin Powers series by writer, producer and comedian Mike Myers, Johnny English (2003), Bons baisers de Hong Kong, OK Connery, the "Flint" series starring James Coburn as Derek Flint, and the "Matt Helm" movies starring Dean Martin.^[43]

George Lucas has said on various occasions that Sean Connery's portrayal of Bond was one of the primary inspirations for the Indiana Jones character, a reason Connery was chosen for the role of Indiana's father in the third film, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.^[44][45]

[edit] Video game adaptations

Main article: James Bond games

James Bond has starred in many video games, with a few being direct adaptations of the movies. Between 1985 and 1990, Mindscape made text adventure versions of Goldfinger and A View to a Kill, and Domark produced side scrolling shooter games based on Licence to Kill, The Spy Who Loved Me, The Living Daylights, Live and Let Die and A View to Kill.

The popularity of the James Bond video game didn't really take off, however, until 1997's GoldenEye 007, a Nintendo 64 first-person shooter developed by Rare based on GoldenEye, along with additional and extended missions.^[46] It received the BAFTA Interactive Entertainment "Games Award" and is widely considered one of the best games ever.^[47][48] Electronic Arts released two tie-in games, the third-person shooter Tomorrow Never Dies (1997, PlayStation) and The World Is Not Enough (2000, PlayStation, N64 and Game Boy Color) before starting original games, such as Nightfire, which was the most similar game to the style of Goldeneye, and GoldenEye: Rogue Agent, which bears no relation to the film Goldeneye, nor the game of the same title. EA would later release a third-person shooter based on From Russia with Love in 2005, which even included Sean Connery's likeness and voice acting.

Activision is currently developing a game based on the 22nd Bond film, Quantum of Solace. ^[49]

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• James Bond Official Website
• Pinewood Studios - home of Bond
• Bondpedia; The Bond Encyclopedia

v • d • e James Bond Characters James Bond · Allies · Girls · Henchmen · Villains Novels Films List · Locations Locations · Gun-barrel sequence · Cast members Q Branch Firearms · Gadgets · Vehicles Related James Bond fandom · Parodies · Music · Title references · Inspirations · Vesper cocktail · "Shaken, not stirred" James Bond Jr. Characters · Episodes Other media Games · Comic strips · Comic books · List of James Bond comics · James Bond: The True Story

v • d • e James Bond films and actors "Official" films (EON Productions) Films Dr. No · From Russia with Love · Goldfinger · Thunderball · You Only Live Twice · On Her Majesty's Secret Service · Diamonds Are Forever · Live and Let Die · The Man with the Golden Gun · The Spy Who Loved Me · Moonraker · For Your Eyes Only · Octopussy · A View to a Kill · The Living Daylights · Licence to Kill · GoldenEye · Tomorrow Never Dies · The World Is Not Enough · Die Another Day · Casino Royale · Quantum of Solace Actors Sean Connery · George Lazenby · Roger Moore · Timothy Dalton · Pierce Brosnan · Daniel Craig Non-EON films Films Casino Royale (Climax! episode) · Casino Royale · Never Say Never Again Actors Barry Nelson · David Niven · Sean Connery