Handshake

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Please help improve this article or section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (January 2007)

This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2007)

For the usage in telecommunications, see handshaking.

Antiochus I of Commagene, shaking hands with Heracles 70-38 BC, British Museum.

A handshake is a short ritual in which two people grasp each other's right or left hands, often accompanied by a brief up and down movement of the grasped hands. While its origins remain obscure archaeological ruins and ancient texts show that handshaking was regularly practiced as far back as the 2nd century BC^[1]. Some researchers have suggested the handshake may have been introduced in the Western World by Sir Walter Raleigh in service with the British Court during the late 16th century.^[2] The handshake is thought by some to have originated as a gesture of peace by demonstrating that the hand holds no weapon.

The handshake is initiated when the two hands touch, immediately. It is commonly done upon meeting, greeting, parting, offering congratulations, or completing an agreement. Its purpose is to convey trust, balance, and equality.^[3]

In Anglophone countries, shaking hands is considered the standard greeting in business situations. In casual non-business situations, men are more likely to shake hands than women. It is considered to be in poor taste to show dominance with too strong a handshake^[3]; conversely, too weak a handshake (sometimes referred to as a "limp fish" or "dead fish" handshake) is also considered unseemly^[4] due to people perceiving it as a sign of weakness.

Atlantic City, New Jersey Mayor Joseph Lazarow was recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records for a July 1977 publicity stunt, in which the mayor shook more than 11,000 hands in a single day, breaking the record previously held by President Theodore Roosevelt, who had set the record with 8,513 handshakes at a White House reception on January 1, 1907.^[5]

Shaking with the right hand while delivering a certificate with the left.

[edit] Modern Customs

There are various customs surrounding handshakes, both generically and specific to certain cultures:

Generally it is considered inappropriate, if not outright insulting to the initiator side, to reject a handshake without good reason (such as an injured right hand). Islamic exception: When extending a hand to shake that of a person of the opposite sex, you should not be alarmed if the handshake is not taken. This is not a rude gesture. Rather, the Muslim is abiding by the Islamic requirement that discourages physical contact between opposite sexes.

In some cultures people shake both hands, but in most cultures people shake the right hand.

Boy and Girl Scouts specifically use a left handshake, as a convention instituted by Lord Baden-Powell.

Practitioners of fencing shake with the non-sword hand after a bout. This is due to the sword hand being employed holding the weapon.

Secret societies and fraternities and sororities often use secret handshakes to identify themselves as initiated brothers or sisters to outside members.

In American culture, there is a "Soul Brother Handshake," also called a "Power" or "Unity" shake, dating to the 1960s, begun among African-American men, and still widely practiced between men of various races and particularly among teenage boys as a gesture of close friendship. This is usually a three move procedure, beginning with a traditional, palm-to-palm clasp, followed in quick succession by a clasping at the hilt of the thumbs, and finally, by a hooked clasp of only the fingers, in the manner of railroad couplers. Variations include the above, followed by an exchange of facing palm slaps, as in "Gimme Five," or fist bumping, tops-to-bottoms, "the face slap", or knuckles-to-knuckles.^{[citation needed]}

Among Arabic-speaking people, handshakes accompanied with the salutation As-Salamu Alaykum (peace be upon you) are an old tradition.

In some religions such as Orthodox Judaism (according to some opinions)^[6] and Islam, the prohibition against physical contact between members of the opposite sex precludes shaking hands.