User:Femto/elements e2

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[edit] sodium

11 - ← sodium → magnesium
Li
↑
Na
↓
K
General
Name, Symbol, Number sodium, Na, 11
Chemical series alkali metals
Group, Period, Block 1, 3, s
Appearance silvery white
Standard atomic weight 22.989770(2)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s1
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 1
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 0.968  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 0.927  g·cm−3
Melting point 370.87 K
(97.72 °C, 207.9 °F)
Boiling point 1156 K
(883 °C, 1621 °F)
Heat of fusion 2.60  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 97.42  kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) 28.230  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 554 617 697 802 946 1153
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic body centered
Oxidation states 1
(strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity 0.93 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  495.8  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  4562  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  6910.3  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 180  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 190  pm
Covalent radius 154  pm
Van der Waals radius 227 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 47.7 n Ω·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 142  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 71  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 3200 m/s
Young's modulus 10  GPa
Shear modulus 3.3  GPa
Bulk modulus 6.3  GPa
Mohs hardness 0.5
Brinell hardness 0.69  MPa
CAS registry number 7440-23-5
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
22Na syn 2.602 y β+ 0.546 22Ne
22Na syn 2.602 y ε  ? 22Ne
22Na syn 2.602 y γ 1.2745 ??
23Na 100% 23Na is stable with 12 neutrons
References


[edit] magnesium

12 sodium ← magnesium → aluminium
Be
↑
Mg
↓
Ca
General
Name, Symbol, Number magnesium, Mg, 12
Chemical series alkaline earth metals
Group, Period, Block 2, 3, s
Appearance silvery white
Standard atomic weight 24.3050(6)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 1.738  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 1.584  g·cm−3
Melting point 923 K
(650 °C, 1202 °F)
Boiling point 1363 K
(1090 °C, 1994 °F)
Heat of fusion 8.48  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 128  kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) 24.869  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 701 773 861 971 1132 1361
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 2
(strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.31 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  737.7  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  1450.7  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  7732.7  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 150  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 145  pm
Covalent radius 130  pm
Van der Waals radius 173 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 43.9 n Ω·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 156  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 24.8  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (r.t.) (annealed)
4940  m·s−1
Young's modulus 45  GPa
Shear modulus 17  GPa
Bulk modulus 45  GPa
Poisson ratio 0.29
Mohs hardness 2.5
Brinell hardness 260  MPa
CAS registry number 7439-95-4
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
24Mg 78.99% 24Mg is stable with 12 neutrons
25Mg 10% 25Mg is stable with 13 neutrons
26Mg 11.01% 26Mg is stable with 14 neutrons
References


[edit] aluminium

13 magnesium ← aluminium → silicon
B
↑
Al
↓
Ga
General
Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13
Chemical series poor metals
Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p
Appearance silvery
Standard atomic weight 26.981538(2)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p1
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 3
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 2.70  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 2.375  g·cm−3
Melting point 933.47 K
(660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F)
Boiling point 2792 K
(2519 °C, 4566 °F)
Heat of fusion 10.71  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 294.0  kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) 24.200  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 1482 1632 1817 2054 2364 2790
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic face centered
Oxidation states 3
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.61 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  577.5  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  1816.7  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  2744.8  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 125  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 118  pm
Covalent radius 118  pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering paramagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 26.50 n Ω·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 237  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 23.1  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (r.t.) (rolled) 5000  m·s−1
Young's modulus 70  GPa
Shear modulus 26  GPa
Bulk modulus 76  GPa
Poisson ratio 0.35
Mohs hardness 2.75
Vickers hardness 167  MPa
Brinell hardness 245  MPa
CAS registry number 7429-90-5
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
26Al syn 7.17×105y β+ 1.17 26Mg
26Al syn 7.17×105y ε  ? 26Mg
26Al syn 7.17×105y γ 1.8086 ??
27Al 100% 27Al is stable with 14 neutrons
References


[edit] silicon

14 aluminium ← silicon → phosphorus
C
↑
Si
↓
Ge
General
Name, Symbol, Number silicon, Si, 14
Chemical series metalloids
Group, Period, Block 14, 3, p
Appearance dark gray, bluish tinge
Standard atomic weight 28.0855(3)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 4
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 2.33  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 2.57  g·cm−3
Melting point 1687 K
(1414 °C, 2577 °F)
Boiling point 3538 K
(3265 °C, 5909 °F)
Heat of fusion 50.21  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 359  kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) 19.789  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 1908 2102 2339 2636 3021 3537
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic face centered
Oxidation states 4
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.90 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  786.5  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  1577.1  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  3231.6  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 110  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 111  pm
Covalent radius 111  pm
Van der Waals radius 210 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 149  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 2.6  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 2200 m/s
Young's modulus 47  GPa
Bulk modulus 100  GPa
Mohs hardness 6.5
CAS registry number 7440-21-3
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
28Si 92.23% 28Si is stable with 14 neutrons
29Si 4.67% 29Si is stable with 15 neutrons
30Si 3.1% 30Si is stable with 16 neutrons
32Si syn 276 y β- 0.221 32P
References


[edit] phosphorus

15 silicon ← phosphorus → sulfur
N
↑
P
↓
As
General
Name, Symbol, Number phosphorus, P, 15
Chemical series nonmetals
Group, Period, Block 15, 3, p
Appearance colorless/red/silvery white
Standard atomic weight 30.973761(2)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 5
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) (white) 1.823  g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.) (red) 2.34  g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.) (black) 2.69  g·cm−3
Melting point (white) 317.3 K
(44.2 °C, 111.6 °F)
Boiling point 550 K
(277 °C, 531 °F)
Heat of fusion (white) 0.66  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 12.4  kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) (white)
23.824  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure (white)
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
Vapor pressure (red)
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
Atomic properties
Crystal structure monoclinic
Oxidation states ±3, 5, 4
(mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.19 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  1011.8  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  1907  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  2914.1  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 100  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 98  pm
Covalent radius 106  pm
Van der Waals radius 180 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering no data
Thermal conductivity (300 K) (white)
0.236  W·m−1·K−1
Bulk modulus 11  GPa
CAS registry number 7723-14-0
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
31P 100% 31P is stable with 16 neutrons
32P syn 14.28 d β- 1.709 32S
33P syn 25.3 d β- 0.249 33S
References


[edit] sulfur

16 phosphorus ← sulfur → chlorine
O
↑
S
↓
Se
General
Name, Symbol, Number sulfur, S, 16
Chemical series nonmetals
Group, Period, Block 16, 3, p
Appearance lemon yellow
Standard atomic weight 32.065(5)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p4
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 6
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) (alpha) 2.08  g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.) (beta) 1.96  g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.) (gamma) 1.92  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 1.819  g·cm−3
Melting point 388.36 K
(115.21 °C, 239.38 °F)
Boiling point 717.8 K
(444.6 °C, 832.3 °F)
Heat of fusion (mono) 1.727  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization (mono) 45  kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) 22.75  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 375 408 449 508 591 717
Atomic properties
Crystal structure orthorhombic
Oxidation states −1, ±2, 4, 6
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.58 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  999.6  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  2252  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  3357  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 100  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 88  pm
Covalent radius 102  pm
Van der Waals radius 180 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering no data
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) (amorphous)
2×1015  Ω·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) (amorphous)
0.205  W·m−1·K−1
Bulk modulus 7.7  GPa
Mohs hardness 2.0
CAS registry number 7704-34-9
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
32S 95.02% 32S is stable with 16 neutrons
33S 0.75% 33S is stable with 17 neutrons
34S 4.21% 34S is stable with 18 neutrons
35S syn 87.32 d β- 0.167 35Cl
36S 0.02% 36S is stable with 20 neutrons
References


[edit] chlorine

17 sulfur ← chlorine → argon
F
↑
Cl
↓
Br
General
Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17
Chemical series halogens
Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p
Appearance yellowish green
Standard atomic weight 35.453(2)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p5
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 7
Physical properties
Phase gas
Melting point 171.6 K
(-101.5 °C, -150.7 °F)
Boiling point 239.11 K
(-34.04 °C, -29.27 °F)
Heat of fusion (Cl2) 6.406  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization (Cl2) 20.41  kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) (Cl2)
33.949  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 128 139 153 170 197 239
Atomic properties
Crystal structure orthorhombic
Oxidation states ±1, 3, 5, 7
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 3.16 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  1251.2  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  2298  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  3822  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 100  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 79  pm
Covalent radius 99  pm
Van der Waals radius 175 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) > 10  Ω·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 8.9 m W·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (gas, 0 °C) 206 m/s
CAS registry number 7782-50-5
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
35Cl 75.77% 35Cl is stable with 18 neutrons
36Cl syn 3.01×105 y β- 0.709 36Ar
36Cl syn 3.01×105 y ε  ? 36S
37Cl 24.23% 37Cl is stable with 20 neutrons
References


[edit] argon

18 chlorine ← argon → -
Ne
↑
Ar
↓
Kr
General
Name, Symbol, Number argon, Ar, 18
Chemical series noble gases
Group, Period, Block 18, 3, p
Appearance colorless
Standard atomic weight 39.948(1)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p6
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 8
Physical properties
Phase gas
Melting point 83.80 K
(-189.35 °C, -308.83 °F)
Boiling point 87.30 K
(-185.85 °C, -302.53 °F)
Heat of fusion 1.18  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 6.43  kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) 20.786  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K)   47 53 61 71 87
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic face centered
Oxidation states 0
Electronegativity no data (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  1520.6  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  2665.8  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  3931  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 71  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 71  pm
Covalent radius 97  pm
Van der Waals radius 188 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 17.72 m W·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (gas, 27 °C) 323 m/s
CAS registry number 7440-37-1
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of femto/elements e2
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
36Ar 0.337% 36Ar is stable with 18 neutrons
37Ar syn 35 d ε  ? 37Cl
38Ar 0.063% 38Ar is stable with 20 neutrons
39Ar syn 269 y β- 0.565 39K
40Ar 99.600% 40Ar is stable with 22 neutrons
42Ar syn 32.9 y β- 0.600 42K
References