Buryatia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Buryat Republic (English) Республика Бурятия (Russian) Буряад Республика (Buryat) |
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|---|---|
.svg/200px-Map_of_Russia_-_Buryat_Republic_(2008-03).svg.png) Location of the Buryat Republic in Russia |
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| Coat of Arms | Flag |
 Coat of arms of Buryatia |
 Flag of Buryatia |
| Anthem: National Anthem of the Buryat Republic | |
| Capital | Ulan-Ude |
| Established | May 30, 1923 |
| Political status Federal district Economic region |
Republic Siberian East Siberian |
| Code | 03 |
| Area | |
| Area - Rank within Russia |
351,300 km² 15th |
| Population (as of the 2002 Census) | |
| Population - Rank within Russia - Density - Urban - Rural |
981,238 inhabitants 56th 2.8 inhab. / km² 59.6% 40.4% |
| Official languages | Russian, Buryat |
| Government | |
| President | Vyacheslav Nagovitsyn |
| Chairman of the Government | Vyacheslav Nagovitsyn |
| Legislative body | People's Khural |
| Constitution | Constitution of the Buryat Republic |
| Official website | |
| http://egov-buryatia.ru/ | |
Buryat Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Буря́тия; Buryat: Буряад Республика) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). The direct romanization of the republic's name is Respublika Buryatiya in Russian and Buryaad Respublika in Buryat.
Contents |
[edit] Geography
Buryatia is located in the South-Central region of Siberia along the eastern shore of Lake Baikal.
- Area: 351,300 km².
- Borders:
- internal: Irkutsk Oblast (W/NW/N), Chita Oblast (NE/E/SE/S), Tuva (W).
- international: Mongolia (S/SE).
- water: Lake Baikal (N).
- Highest point: Mount Munku-Sardyk (3,491 m).
[edit] Time zone
Buryatia is located in the Irkutsk Time Zone (IRKT/IRKST). UTC offset is +0800 (IRKT)/+0900 (IRKST).
[edit] Rivers
Major rivers include:
- Barguzin River
- Irkut River
- Kitoy River
- Oka River
- Selenga River
- Uda River
- Upper Angara River
- Vitim River
[edit] Lakes
- Lake Baikal - Buryatia covers sixty percent of the lake's shore line.
- Lake Gusinoye
[edit] Mountains
Over 80% of republic's territory is located in the mountainous region, including the Baikal Mountains on the northern shores of Lake Baikal.
[edit] Natural resources
Buryatia's natural resources include gold, tungsten, zinc, uranium and more.
[edit] Climate
- Average annual temperature: -1.6°C
- Average January temperature: -22°C
- Average July temperature: +18°C
- Average annual precipitation: 244 mm
[edit] Administrative divisions
[edit] Demographics
- Population: 981,238 (2002)
- Urban: 584,970 (59.6%)
- Rural: 396,268 (40.4%)
- Male: 467,984 (47.7%)
- Female: 513,254 (52.3%)
- Females per 1000 males: 1,097
- Average age: 31.6 years
- Urban: 31.2 years
- Rural: 32.2 years
- Male: 29.4 years
- Female: 33.9 years
- Number of households: 322,289 (with 958,402 people)
- Urban: 197,651 (with 566,755 people)
- Rural: 124,638 (with 391,647 people)
- Vital statistics (2005)
- Births: 13,551 (birth rate 14.0)
- Deaths: 15,144 (death rate 15.7)
Birth rate was 15.2 in the first half of 2007. [1]
- Ethnic groups
According to the 2002 Census, ethnic Russians make up two thirds of the republic's population, while the ethnic Buryats are only 27.8%. Other groups include Ukrainians (1.0%), Tatars (0.8%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
| census 1926 1 | census 1939 | census 1959 | census 1970 | census 1979 | census 1989 | census 2002 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buryats | 214,957 (43.8%) | 116,382 (21.3%) | 135,798 (20.2%) | 178,660 (22.0%) | 206,860 (23.0%) | 249,525 (24.0%) | 272,910 (27.8%) |
| Soyots | 161 (0.0%) | 2,739 (0.3%) | |||||
| Russians | 258,796 (52.7%) | 393,057 (72.0%) | 502,568 (74.6%) | 596,960 (73.5%) | 647,785 (72.0%) | 726,165 (69.9%) | 665,512 (67.8%) |
| Ukrainians | 1,982 (0.4%) | 13,392 (2.5%) | 10,183 (1.5%) | 10,769 (1.3%) | 15,290 (1.7%) | 22,868 (2.2%) | 9,585 (1.0%) |
| Tatars | 3,092 (0.6%) | 3,840 (0.7%) | 8,058 (1.2%) | 9,991 (1.2%) | 10,290 (1.1%) | 10,496 (1.0%) | 8,189 (0.8%) |
| Evenks | 2,808 (0.6%) | 1,818 (0.3%) | 1,335 (0.2%) | 1,685 (0.2%) | 1,543 (0.2%) | 1,679 (0.2%) | 2,334 (0.2%) |
| Others | 9,440 (1.9%) | 17,277 (3.2%) | 15,384 (2.3%) | 14,186 (1.7%) | 17,630 (2.0%) | 27,519 (2.7%) | 19,969 (2.0%) |
- In 1926, the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR included Aga Buryatia, Ust-Orda Buryatia and the Olkhon district. These territories were transferred to the Chita and Irkutsk Oblasts in 1937. Consequently, the results of the 1926 census cannot be compared to the results of the censuses of 1939 and later.
Vital Statistics for 2007: Source
Birth Rate: 15.86 per 1000
Death Rate: 13.36 per 1000
Net Immigration: -2.7 per 1000
NGR: +0.25% per Year
PGR: -0.02% per Year
[edit] History
The area of the modern day Buryatia was first colonized in the 1600s by Russians in search of wealth, furs and gold. In 1923, the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created through the union of the Buryat-Mongol and Mongol-Buryat Oblasts. In 1937, Aga Buryatia and Ust-Orda Buryatia were detached from the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR and merged with the Chita and Irkutsk oblasts, respectively. Besides, the Olkhon district was transferred from the Buryat-Mongolina ASSR to the Irkutsk oblast.
[edit] Politics
The head of government in Buryatia is the President, who is appointed by the President of Russia for a four-year term. Between 1991-2007, the President was Leonid Vasilyevich Potapov, who was elected on July 1, 1994, re-elected in 1998 (with 63.25% of votes), and then re-elected again on June 23, 2002 (with over 67% of votes). Prior to the elections, Potapov was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic—the highest post at that time.
The Republic's parliament is the People's Khural, popularly elected every four years. The People's Khural has 65 deputies.
The Republic's Constitution was adopted on February 22, 1994.
[edit] Economy
The republic's economy is composed of important agricultural and commercial products including wheat, vegetables, potatoes, timber, leather, graphite and textiles. Fishing, hunting, fur farming, sheep and cattle farming, mining, stock raising, engineering, and food processing are also important economic generators.
[edit] Education
The higher education institutions of the republic include Buryatia State University, Buryat State Academy of Agriculture, East Siberian State Academy of Arts and Culture, and East Siberian State Technological Institute.
[edit] Religion
Tibetan Buddhism, Shamanism, and Orthodox Christianity are the most widespread religions in Buryatia.
[edit] Tourism
Lake Baikal is a popular tourist destination.
[edit] Miscellaneous
The Republic uses the postage stamps of Russia, so it does not issue its own postage stamps. Stamps of Buryatia or Buriatia offered on eBay are fakes.
[edit] See also
- Buryats
- Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug
- Agin-Buryat Okrug
- Music of Buryatia
- Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
[edit] Further reading
- Leisse, Olaf; Utta-Kristin Leisse (September 2007). "A Siberian Challenge: Dealing with Multiethnicity in the Republic of Buryatia". Nationalities Papers 35 (4): 773-788.
[edit] External links
- (English) Official website of the Buryat Republic.
- (Russian) Official website of the Buryat Republic.
- Official website of the Buryat Republic (in Buryat).
