* (haplogroup)

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In human genetics, mtDNA haplogroups and Y-DNA haplogroups are designated by letters of the alphabet. When a person takes a genealogical DNA test, the presence of an asterisk (*) in their test result indicates that they are a member of a particular haplogroup, but not of a known subclade (subdivision). Specifically, they do not possess any of the mutations that would place him/her in one of the known "downstream" subclades.

For example, a member of the Y-DNA Haplogroup R may belong to the sub-haplogroup R1 (defined by marker M173) or R2 (defined by marker M124). Individuals with neither of these mutations are categorised as belonging to group R*.

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

most recent common mt-ancestor

|

L0

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

L7

M

N

CZ

D

E

G

Q

A

I

R

S

W

X

Y

C

Z

B

F

pre-HV

pre-JT

P

UK

HV

JT

U

K

H

V

J

T

Human Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups (by ethnic groups, famous haplotypes)

most recent common Y-ancestor

|

A

BT

B

CT

DE

CF

D

E

C

F

G

H

IJ

K

I

J

L

M

NO

P

S

T

N

O

Q

R