Haplogroup N (mtDNA)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Haplogroup N
Time of origin	unknown, approx. 80000 years ago
Place of origin	Horn of Africa
Ancestor	L3
Descendants	N1, A, I, W, R, X, Y
Defining mutations	73, 7028, 11719, 12705, 14766, 16223

In human genetics, Haplogroup N is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

An enormous haplogroup spanning many continents^[1], the macro-haplogroup N is a branch of the mtDNA haplogroup L3, and is believed to have originated in the Horn of Africa some 60,000 to 80,000 years before present.

The two haplogroups M and N are believed to represent the initial migration by modern humans out of Africa. Haplogroup N is the ancestral haplogroup to almost all European and Oceanian haplogroups in addition to many Asian and Amerindian ones.

Its derived haplogroups include the macro-haplogroup R (and its descendants) and haplogroups N1, A, I, S, W, X, and Y.

1 Descendants of haplogroup N*
2 References
3 See also
4 External links

[edit] Descendants of haplogroup N*

Haplogroup N1
- Haplogroup I [1]
- Haplogroup N1a
- Haplogroup N1b
- Haplogroup N1c
- Haplogroup N1d
Haplogroup A [2] - found in Central and East Asia, as well as among Native Americans.
Haplogroup R [3] - a very extended and diversified macro-haplogroup.
Haplogroup S [4] - found among Australian Aborigines
Haplogroup W [5] - found especially in Western Eurasia
Haplogroup X [6]
- Haplogroup X1 - found primarily in North Africa
- Haplogroup X2 - found in Western Eurasia, Siberia and among Native Americans
Haplogroup N9
- Haplogroup Y [7] - found especially among Nivkhs and Ainus, with a moderate frequency among Koreans, Mongols, Tungusic peoples, Koryaks, Itelmens, Chinese, Japanese, Tajiks, Island Southeast Asians (including Taiwanese aborigines), and some Turkic peoples^[2]

[edit] References

^ Haplogroups I & N.
^ Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Tomasz Grzybowski, Galina Denisova, Irina Dambueva, Maria Perkova, Choduraa Dorzhu, Faina Luzina, Hong Kyu Lee, Tomas Vanecek, Richard Villems, and Ilia Zakharov, "Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations," American Journal of Human Genetics, 2007 November; 81(5): 1025–1041.