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Ukrainian cuisine has a rich history and offers a wide variety of dishes. The cuisine of modern Ukraine is based on traditional Ukrainian recipies, but also bears influences of its neighbours' cuisines like Russian, German, Turkish and Polish, and what can be called the soviet cuisine (dishes of mixed origins popular in the USSR). Meat (especially pork), potatoes, vegetables, fruit, mushrooms, berries, and herbs play a major part. Ukrainian food is intended to be filling, and should be served in large quantities.
See also:
[edit] Popular dishes
- Borscht—vegetable soup (most common form made with beets), popular among eastern Slavic nations. There are more than thirty regional recipes for cooking Borshch, often with meat).
- Hrybivka—mushroom soup, served with vushka in Volyn region.
- Kapusniak and solyanka—sauerkraut soups.
- Rosolnyk—soup with pickles.
- Yushka—fish soup, made of fresh-water fish, usually carp.
- Vushka or holushky—"little ears" rolled triangular dumplings, sometimes stuffed with mushrooms in soup or on the side .
- Olivye (from French "Olivier") —called the "Russian salad" in the West.
- Vinihret (from French "Vinaigrette") —red beet root salad with peas, onions and beans.
- Pickles — Pickled cucumbers (kvasheni ohirky) or tomatoes (kvasheni pomidory) are usually made with garlic and dill. Also, sauerkraut (kvashena kapusta).
- Kapustianyi—sauerkraut or fresh shredded cabbage, served with mayonnaise, oil, topped with klukva or grated walnuts.
- Vesnianyi—diced cucumbers and tomatoes, topped with dill or parsley, when in season.
- Oseledets—pickled herring, usually served with onions, black pepper and sunflower oil.
- Pid-shuboyu—beetroot salad with pickled herring, apple and onion, topped with mayonnaise.
- Marinated mushrooms—usually served as an appetizer, also garnished with oil and onions.
[edit] Breads
Breads and wheat products are very important to Ukrainian cuisine. Decorations on the top can be very elaborate for celebrations.
- Paska — traditional rich Easter bread. It is shaped in a short round form. The top of the paska is decorated with typical Easter symbols, such as roses or crosses.
- Babka - another Easter bread, usually a sweet dough with raisins and other dried fruit. It is usually baked in a tall, cylindrical form.
- Kolach - ring-shaped bread typically served at Christmas and funerals. The dough is braided, often with three strands representing the Holy Trinity. The braid is then shaped into a circle (circle = kolo in Ukrainian) representing the circle of life and family.
- Korovai - a round, braided bread, similar to the kolach. It is most often baked for weddings and its top decorated with birds and periwinkle.
[edit] Main course
- Pyrohy— baked/fried dumplings. Usually more of a dessert-type with fruit or poppy seed fillings and a sour dough than that of the Varenyky.
- Varenyky (often called perogies in English)— boiled dumplings, usually filled with potatoes, cabbage, cheese, or seasonal fruits, topped with butter and sugar or shkvarky (fried bits of salo and onions), accompanied with sour cream.
- Cabbage rolls (holubtsi)—cabbage (or vine) leaves stuffed with minced meat and rice or millet (pshono), or buckwheat-stuffed beet leaves.
- Syrnyky—cottage cheese fritters, sometimes with raisins.
- Mlyntsi—crepes (blyntsi or nalisnyky), filled usually with cottage cheese, meat, caviar or fruits.
- Stuffed duck or goose—with apples.
- Game—hare, quail, wild boar and moose meat is also prepared when available.
- Roast meat (pechenya)—pork, veal, beef or lamb roast.
- Fish (ryba)—fried in egg and flour; cooked in oven with mushrooms, cheese and lemon; marinaded, dried or smoked variety.
- Studynets—jellied fish (zalyvne) or meat (kholodets).
- Stuffed zucchini or eggplant—oven-roasted, stuffed with tomatoes, bell peppers, mushrooms, and/or rice.
- Kasha hrechana zi shkvarkamy—buckwheat cereal with chopped, fried bacon and/or onion.
- Potato (kartoplia, also barabolia or bulba)—young or peeled, served with butter, sour cream, dill; princely variety includes raw egg.
- Huliash—refers to stew in general, or specifically Hungarian goulash.
- Sausage (kovbasa or sosysky)—various kinds of smoked or boiled pork, beef or chicken sausage.
- Salo—salted (or occasionally raw) unrendered pork lard, which is similar to bacon, but with significantly higher ratio of fat to meat. Salo is sometimes jokingly referred to as Ukraine's signature food. Other Slavs sometimes mock Ukrainians "salo-eaters", although many of them enjoy salo as much. Other European analogs of salo are the German speck and Italian lardo.
- Kotlety (cutlets)—(plural; singular - kotleta) minced meat or fish fritters, sometimes rolled in breadcrumbs.
- Shashlyk—a Georgian shish kebab: lamb and vegetables/mushrooms marinated in vinegar and grilled on skewers under white wine.
- Deruny or pliatsky—potato pancakes, usually served with rich servings of sour cream; another variation of a dish – ‘’deruny’’ stuffed with cottage cheese.
- Kanapky—either black or white bread (fresh or slightly grilled)-based canapés, topped with mayo or butter, caviar, smoked herring, cucumber/tomato slices garnished with dill or parsley.
[edit] Desserts
- Kutia—traditional Christmas dish, made of poppy seeds, wheat, nuts, honey, and delicacies.
- Pampushky— fried, rich sweet dough similar to doughnut holes. Frequently tossed with cinnamon sugar. Pampushky (pl., singular is pampusho'k) can also be filled with poppy seed or other sweet fillings.
- Syrniki - fried curd fritters.
- Cake — many varieties of cakes, from moist to puffy, most typical ones being Kyjivskyj, Prazhskyj, and Trufelnyj. They are frequently made without flour, instead using ground walnuts or almonds.
- Zhele—(plural and singular) jellied fruits, like cherries, pears, etc. or "Ptashyne moloko"—milk/chocolate jelly.
[edit] Beverages
[edit] Alcoholic
- Strong spirits (horilka, vodka in Russian)—Samohon (moonshine) is also popular, including with infusions of fruit, spices or hot peppers.
- Beer (pyvo)—the largest producers of beer are Obolon, Lvivske, Chernihivske, Slavutych, Sarmat and Rogan, which partly export their products.
- Wine (vyno)—from Europe and Ukraine (particularly from Crimea).
- Mead (mid, or medovuha)—very ancient recipe of honey wine which is regaining popularity. It tastes similar to cider, and comes in various proofs, depending on vintage.
[edit] Non-alcoholic
- Kompot (компот)—sweet beverage made of dried or fresh fruits and/or berries boiled in water.
- Uzvar (узвар)—traditional compote made of dried fruit, mainly apples, pears and prunes.
- Kvas (квас)—sweet-and-sour sparkling beverage brewed of yeast, sugar and dried rhy bread.
- Kefir (кефир)—a kind of natural yoghurt (varying degrees of sour; depends how long fermented).
- Mineral water—famous brands are Truskavetska, Morshynska and Myrhorodska, they usually come strongly carbonated.
- Ryazhanka (ряжанка)—another kind of natural yoghurt made of baked milk.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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