Timeline of New Zealand history
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a timeline of the History of New Zealand.
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[edit] Pre-Colonial Timeline (to 1839)
[edit] Before 1600
- 180: Lake Taupo erupts violently.
- 1000-1300: Archaeological evidence (such as the cabbage tree ovens on the Otago Peninsula) indicates that Polynesian settlement was established some time in this period.
- 1500: Rangitoto Island, near Auckland, was formed by a series of eruptions. While it is not expected to erupt again, the broader Auckland volcanic field is.
[edit] Seventeenth century
- December 13: Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sights the South Island.
- December 18: Abel Tasman's expedition sails around Farewell Spit and into Golden Bay. Dutch sailors sight local Māori.
- December 19: Māori kill four of Tasman's crew and Tasman's ships depart without landing. The Dutch chart the west of the North Island.
[edit] Eighteenth century
- Ngāi Tahu migrate from Wellington to the South Island, as far south as Banks Peninsula.
- October 8: English explorer James Cook makes his first visit to New Zealand.
- Cook maps the majority of the New Zealand coastline.
- French trader Jean de Surville explores parts of the New Zealand coast.
- April: Expedition of French explorer Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne visits Northland
- April: Cook's second expedition arrives in Queen Charlotte Sound
- December 18: Māori kill and eat nine members of Cook's expedition at Grass Cove in Queen Charlotte Sound.
- Cook returns to New Zealand aboard the Resolution, accompanied by the Discovery captained by Charles Clerke.[1]
- New South Wales founded, which according to Governor Phillip's Commission included the islands of New Zealand.
- An epidemic of rewha-rewha (possibly influenza) kills 60% of the Māori population in the southern North Island.[1]
- November 29: Chatham Islands sighted by HMS Chatham commanded by William Broughton.
- Group of sealers from the Britannia landed in Dusky Sound.
- Dusky Sound sealers picked up.
- Two day expedition led by Spanish explorer Alessandro Malaspina charts Doubtful Sound[1]
- La Recherche and L'Espérance, captained by Bruni d'Entrecasteaux and Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec sight New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands.
[edit] 1800s
- First Pākehā women arrive in New Zealand.
- Ngapuhi fight Ngāti Whātua, Te-Uri-o-Hau and Te Roroa iwi at the battle of Moremonui on the west coast of Northland, the first battle in which Maori used muskets.
- Ngati Uru attack and burn the ship Boyd, killing all but four of its crew and passengers. The whaling fleet wrongly blames the massacre on Te Puna chief Te Pahi and retaliates against him.
[edit] 1810s
- December 22: British missionary Samuel Marsden, of the (Anglican) Church Missionary Society, arrives at Rangihoua at Oihi Bay in the Bay of Islands to establish the country's first mission station. Sheep, cattle, horses and poultry are introduced.
- Christmas Day: Rev Marsden preached the first Christian service in the country, at Rangihoua.
- February: Thomas Holloway King is the first Pākehā child born in New Zealand, at Rangihoua.
- Raids on Taranaki and Te Whanganui-a-tara regions by Ngapuhi and Ngati Toa people led by chiefs Patuone, Nene, Moetara, Tuwhare, and Te Rauparaha.
- August 17: the country's second mission station is established, at Kerikeri, when Rev Marsden, John Butler, Francis Hall and William Hall mark out the site which was previously visited by Marsden in 1815.
- September 25: Rev Marsden plants 100 vines, the first grapes grown in New Zealand.
- November 4: Chiefs Hongi Hika and Rewa sell 13,000 acres (5260 hectares) at Kerikeri to the Church Missionary Society for 48 felling axes.
[edit] 1820s
- Hongi Hika, Ngapuhi chief, visits England, meets King George IV and secures supply of muskets.
- Musket Wars begin with raids by Hongi Hika and Te Morenga on southern iwi and continue throughout the decade.
- Ngati Toa begin migration south to Cook Strait region, led by Te Rauparaha.
- Jurisdiction of New South Wales courts is extended to British citizens in New Zealand.
- Wesleyan Missionary Society mission established.
- First Church of England marriage between Philip Tapsell and Māori girl, Maria Ringa.
- Te Heke Niho-puta migration of Taranaki iwi to the Kapiti Coast.
- Rawiri Taiwhanga in Bay of Islands sells dairy produce and other food supplies to visiting ships.
- Te Rauparaha's invasion of the South Island from Kapiti begins.
[edit] 1830s
- Whaling stations established at Tory Channel and Preservation Inlet.
- April 19: stonemason William Parrott begins work on the missionaries' Stone Store at Kerikeri.
- James Busby appointed British Resident.
- May: James Busby arrives at the Bay of Islands.
- March: United Tribes of New Zealand flag adopted by some 25 northern chiefs at Busby's suggestion.
- October: Declaration of Independence of New Zealand by the "Confederation of United Tribes" signed by 34 northern chiefs (and later by another 18).
- New Zealand Association formed in London, becoming the New Zealand Colonisation Society in 1838 and the New Zealand Company in 1839, under the inspiration of Edward Gibbon Wakefield.
- Bishop Pompallier founds Roman Catholic Mission at Hokianga.
- William Hobson instructed to establish British rule in New Zealand, as a dependency of New South Wales.
- Colonel William Wakefield of the New Zealand Company arrives on the Tory to purchase land for a settlement.
[edit] Colony and self-government (1840 to 1946)
[edit] 1840s
- January 29: Hobson arrives in the Bay of Islands.
- New Zealand Company settlers arrive at Te Whanganui a Tara which became Port Nicholson, site of Wellington.
- February 6: Hone Heke is the first to sign the Treaty of Waitangi at Bay of Islands.
- May 21: Hobson proclaims British sovereignty over New Zealand.
- May: First capital established at Okiato, which was renamed Russell.
- August: French colony established in Akaroa.
- Hobson becomes first Governor and sets up executive and legislative councils.
- European settlements established at New Plymouth and Wanganui.
- February: Capital shifted from Russell (Okiato) to Auckland.
- 3 May: New Zealand proclaimed a colony independent of New South Wales.
- Main body of settlers arrive at Nelson.
- September 10: William Hobson dies.
- Twenty-two European settlers and four Māori killed at the confrontation at Tuamarina, near the Wairau, in Marlborough.
- Robert FitzRoy becomes Governor.
- Hone Heke begins the "War in the North".
- New Zealand Company suspends its colonising operations due to financial difficulties.
- George Grey becomes Governor.
- War in the north ends with capture of Ruapekapeka.
- First New Zealand Constitution Act passed.
- Charles Heaphy, William Fox, and Thomas Brunner begin exploring the West Coast.
- First steam vessel, HMS "Driver", arrives in New Zealand waters.
- Settlement of Dunedin founded by Scottish Otago Association.
- Provinces of New Ulster and New Munster set up under 1846 Act.
- Coal discovered at Brunner on the West Coast.
- Earthquake centred in Marlborough damages most Wellington buildings.
[edit] 1850s
- Canterbury settlement founded.
- Second New Zealand Constitution Act passed creating General Assembly and six provinces with representative government.
- Idea of a Māori King canvassed by Tamihana Te Rauparaha and Matene Te Whiwhi.
- About 100 Māori - mostly chiefs - enrolled to vote in the forthcoming election[2].
- July 4–October 1: New Zealand general election, 1853
- First session of the General Assembly opens in Auckland.
- Governor Thomas Gore Browne, appointed in 1854, arrives.
- Severe earthquake on both sides of Cook Strait. Wellington's Basin Reserve is raised, dashing plans to use it for boats.
- Adhesive, perforated postage stamps on sale.
- October 28–December 28: New Zealand general election, 1855.
- Henry Sewell forms first ministry under responsible government and becomes first Premier.
- Edward Stafford forms first stable ministry.
- New Provinces Act passed.
- Te Wherowhero installed as first Māori King, taking name Pōtatau I.
- First session of Hawke's Bay and Marlborough provincial councils.
- Gold discovered in Buller River.
- New Zealand Insurance Company established.
[edit] 1860s
- Waitara dispute develops into First Taranaki War.
- December 12–March 28: New Zealand general election, 1860-1861.
- George Grey becomes governor for the second time.
- May Gabriel Read discovers gold in Gabriel's Gully near Lawrence; Central Otago Gold Rush begins.
- First session of Southland provincial council.
- Bank of New Zealand incorporated at Auckland.
- First electric telegraph line opens from Christchurch to Lyttelton.
- First gold shipment from Dunedin to London.
- War resumes in Taranaki and begins in Waikato when General Cameron crosses the Mangatawhiri stream.
- New Zealand Settlements Act passed to effect land confiscation.
- First steam railway in New Zealand, the Ferrymead Railway opened.
- February 7: HMS Orpheus sinks in Manukau Harbour, killing 189 people.
- War in the Waikato ends with battle of Orakau.
- Land in Waikato, Taranaki, Bay of Plenty, and Hawke's Bay confiscated.
- Gold discovered in Marlborough and Westland.
- Arthur, George, and Edward Dobson are the first Pākehā to cross what becomes known as Arthur's Pass.
- Capital and seat of government transferred from Auckland to Wellington
- Native Land Court established.
- Māori resistance continues.
- Auckland streets lit by gas for first time.
- Cook Strait submarine telegraph cable laid.
- Christchurch to Hokitika road opens.
- Cobb and Co. coaches run from Canterbury to the West Coast.
- The Presbytery of Otago separates into three presbyteries and becomes the Synod of Otago and Southland.
- January–February: Trevor Chute leads raids against Maro in Taranaki
- February 12–April 6: New Zealand general election, 1866.
- Thames goldfield opens; soon the town has more people than Auckland.
- Four Māori seats established in Parliament. All Māori men over 21 obtained suffrage (allowed to stand for parliament and vote[2]).
- Lyttelton railway tunnel completed.
- Armed constabulary established.
- Māori resistance continues through campaigns of Te Kooti Arikirangi and Titokowaru.
- New Zealand's first sheep breed, the Corriedale, is developed.
- Thomas Burns founds New Zealand's first university, the University of Otago, in Dunedin.
[edit] 1870s
- The last imperial forces leave New Zealand.
- Julius Vogel's public works and immigration policy begins, along with national railway construction programme; over 1,000 miles constructed by 1879.
- University of New Zealand created by the New Zealand University Act, establishing a federal university based on the University of London, which lasts until 1961.
- First rugby match.
- Auckland to San Francisco mail service begins.
- Deer freed in Otago.
- January 14–February 23: New Zealand general election, 1871.
- Te Kooti retreats to the King Country and Māori armed resistance ceases.
- Telegraph communication links Auckland, Wellington and southern provinces.
- New Zealand Shipping Company established.
- First New Zealand steam engine built at Invercargill.
- Abolition of the provinces and establishment of local government by counties and boroughs.
- New Zealand-Australia telegraph cable established.
- Education Act passed, establishing national system of primary education, "free, secular, and compulsory".
- Completion of Main South Line railway linking Christchurch, Dunedin, and Invercargill.
- Triennial Parliaments Act passed. Manhood suffrage is extended to non-Māori when the vote is given to every male aged 21 and over[2].
- Kaitangata mine explosion, 34 people die.
- Annual property tax introduced.
- Kangaroo lays the first Telegraph cable across Cook Strait.
- August 28–September 15: New Zealand general election, 1879.
[edit] 1880s
- Parihaka community forcibly broken up by troops. Te Whiti, Tohu Kakahi and followers arrested and imprisoned.
- Wreck of SS "Tararua", 131 people die.
- Auckland and Christchurch telephone exchanges open.
- December 9: New Zealand general election, 1881.
- First shipment of frozen meat leaves Port Chalmers for England on the "Dunedin".
- Te Kooti pardoned, Te Whiti and other prisoners released.
- Direct steamer link established between New Zealand and Britain.
- King Tawhiao visits England with petition to the Queen, appealing to the Treaty of Waitangi, and is refused access.
- First overseas tour by a New Zealand rugby team, to New South Wales.
- Construction of King Country section of North Island main trunk railway begins.
- June 22: New Zealand general election, 1884.
- Mount Tarawera erupts and the Pink and White Terraces are destroyed, 153 people die.
- Oil is discovered in Taranaki.
- New Zealand's first national park, Tongariro National Park, is presented to the nation by Te Heuheu Tukino IV.
- First inland parcel post service.
- September 26: New Zealand general election, 1887.
- August 12, Reefton becomes first town in Southern Hemisphere to have a public supply of electricity
- Abolition of non-residential or property qualification to vote.
- First New Zealand-built locomotive completed at Addington Workshops.
[edit] 1890s
- Maritime Strike involves 8000 unionists.
- "Sweating" Commission reports on employment conditions.
- December 5: New Zealand general election, 1890, the first election on a one-man one-vote basis
- John McKenzie introduces the first of a series of measures to promote closer land settlement.
- John Ballance becomes Premier of first Liberal Government.
- First Kotahitanga Māori Parliament meets.
- April 27: John Ballance dies
- John Ballance succeeded as premier by Richard Seddon.
- September 19: All women given the right to vote, New Zealand becomes first country to grant universal suffrage and Plural voting abolished[3].
- Liquor licensing poll introduced.
- Elizabeth Yates, Onehunga, becomes first woman mayor in British Empire.
- Banknotes become legal tender.
- November 28: New Zealand general election, 1893.
- Compulsory arbitration of industrial disputes and reform of employment laws.
- Advances to Settlers Act.
- Clark, Fyfe and Graham become the first people to climb Mt Cook.
- Wreck of SS "Wairarapa".
- National Council of Women is founded.
- Brunner Mine explosion, 67 people killed.
- Census measures national population as 743,214.
- 13 October: First public screening of a motion picture in New Zealand
- December 4: New Zealand general election, 1896.
- First of series of colonial and later imperial conferences held in London.
- Apirana Ngata and others form Te Aute College Students' Association. [1]
- Old Age Pensions Act.
- First cars imported to New Zealand.
- New Zealand army contingent is sent to the South African war.
- First celebration of Labour Day.
- December 6: New Zealand general election, 1899.
[edit] 1900s
- Māori Councils Act passed.
- Public Health Act passed setting up Department of Public Health in 1901.
- Cook and other Pacific Islands annexed.
- Penny postage first used.
- Union of the Synod of Otago and Southland with the Northern Presbyterian Church to form the Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand.
- Pacific telegraph cable begins operating between New Zealand, Australia and Fiji.
- Wreck of trans-tasman steamer SS Elingamite.
- November 25: New Zealand general election, 1902.
- Richard Pearse achieves semi-controlled flight near Timaru.
- New Zealand rugby team tours England and becomes known as the All Blacks.
- Old Age Pension increases to £26 per year; however, eligibility tightened.
- December 6: New Zealand general election, 1905.
- June 10: Richard Seddon dies and is succeeded by Joseph Ward as Premier.
- July: Resolution passed to constitute New Zealand as a Dominion.
- Fire destroys Parliament buildings.
- Tohunga Suppression Act passed
- September 26: Dominion of New Zealand declared.
- Auckland to Wellington main trunk railway line opens.
- First New Zealanders compete at the Olympics as part of Australasian team.
- Harry Kerr is the first New Zealander to win an Olympic medal (a bronze in the Men's 3500 metre walk).
- Blackball coal miner strike lasts 11 weeks .
- Ernest Rutherford is awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- New Zealand's population reaches one million.
- November 17,November 24 and 1 December: New Zealand general election, 1908.
- "Red" Federation of Labour formed.
- SS Penguin wrecked in Cook Strait, 75 people die.
- Compulsory military training introduced.
- Stamp–vending machine invented and manufactured in New Zealand.
[edit] 1910s
- Halley's Comet sighted in New Zealand.
- William Massey wins vote in the House and becomes Prime Minister; Reform Government formed.
- Waihi miners' strike.
- Malcolm Champion becomes first New Zealander to win an Olympic Gold Medal.
- Waterfront strikes in Auckland and Wellington.
- World War I begins and German Samoa is occupied.
- New Zealand Expeditionary Force is despatched to Egypt.
- Huntly coal mine disaster, 43 people die.
- August 15: Troops depart for Samoa.
- August 29: New Zealand troops land unopposed in Apia.
- October: 8427 troops leave New Zealand for Europe.
- December 10: New Zealand general election, 1914.
- New Zealand forces take part in Gallipoli campaign.
- Reform and Liberal parties form National War Cabinet.
- Britain announces its intention to purchase all New Zealand meat exports during war.
- April 25: First landings at Gaba Tepe and Cape Hellas on the Gallipoli Peninsula.
- April 27: Counterattack launched by Turkish forces under the command of Mustafa Kemal.
- December 20: Final withdraw of all troops from Anzac Cove.
- New Zealand troops transfer from Western Front.
- Conscription introduced.
- Labour Party formed.
- Lake Coleridge electricity supply scheme opened.
- June 10: Passing of the Military Services Bill introduces conscription.
- July: Battle of Romani defaults Turkish force advancing towards the Suez Canal.
- Battle of Passchendaele, 3,700 New Zealanders killed.
- Six o'clock public house closing introduced.
- Lord Liverpool becomes first Governor-General.
- New Zealand Division in the Battle of the Somme.
- End of World War I.
- Influenza epidemic in which an estimated 8,500 die.
- Creation of power boards for electricity distribution.
- Prohibition petition with 242,001 signatures presented to Parliament.
- Women eligible for election to Parliament.
- Massey signs Treaty of Versailles.
- First official airmail flight from Auckland to Dargaville.
- December 17: New Zealand general election, 1919.
[edit] 1920s
- Anzac Day established.
- New Zealand gets League of Nations mandate to govern Western Samoa.
- First aeroplane flight across Cook Strait.
- New Zealand sents first team to Olympic Games (previously they have competed as part of Australasian team).
- Clarence Hadfield D'Arcy wins first Olympic medal for New Zealand.
- New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy established.
- Meat Producers' Board placed in control of meat exports.
- December 7: New Zealand general election, 1922.
- Otira tunnel opens. Ross Dependency proclaimed.
- All Black 'Invincibles' tour of Britain and France.
- November 4: General election won by the Reform party under Gordon Coates.
- National public broadcasting begins under auspices of Radio Broadcasting Co. Ltd.
- New Zealand Summer Time introduced.
- Charles Kingsford Smith completes first flight across Tasman Sea.
- December 14: General election won by new United Party.
- Ted Morgan wins first Olympic Gold Medal for New Zealand.
- Economic depression worsens.
- Severe earthquake in Murchison - Karamea district, 17 people die.
- First health stamps issued.
[edit] 1930s
- Unemployment Board set up to provide relief work.
- Napier earthquake, 256 die.
- Substantial percentage reductions in public service wages and salaries.
- Airmail postage stamps introduced.
- December 2: General election won by newly formed Coalition Government under George Forbes.
- Compulsory arbitration of industrial disputes abolished.
- Unemployed riots in Auckland, Dunedin and Christchurch.
- Reductions in old-age and other pensions.
- Distinctive New Zealand coins first issued, see New Zealand pound.
- September 9: Elizabeth McCombs becomes first woman MP.
- Reserve Bank and Mortgage Corporation established.
- First trans-Tasman airmail.
- Air services begin across Cook Strait.
- November 24: New Zealand Post Office jams 1ZB radio broadcast by Colin Scrimgeour (Uncle Scrim).
- November 27: General election: First Labour Government elected under Michael Joseph Savage.
- Reserve Bank taken over by state.
- State housing programme launched.
- Guaranteed prices for dairy products introduced.
- National Party formed from former Coalition MPs.
- Inter-island trunk air services introduced.
- Jack Lovelock wins Olympic gold and sets world record for 1500m.
- Jean Batten's record flight from England.
- Working week reduced from 44 to 40 hours.
- April: Federation of Labour unifies trade union movement.
- RNZAF set up as separate branch of armed forces.
- March: Free Milk in schools introduced.
- Social Security Act establishes revised pensions structure and the basis of a national health service.
- Import and exchange controls are introduced.
- October 15: General election, Labour re-elected.
- Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force formed.
- Bulk purchases of farm products by Great Britain.
- September 3: War declared on Germany
- September 7: First New Zealander (An officer flying with the RAF) taken prisoner of war.
- September 12: Enlistment in the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force begins.
- October 4: Government announces the formation of a Māori Battalion for 2 NZEF
- November 23: Bernard Freyberg is appointed to commander of 2 NZEF
- December 13: HMNZS Achilles takes part in The Battle of the River Plate.
[edit] 1940 to 1946
- January 5: First Echelon of the 2NZEF leaves New Zealand for the Middle East.
- February 12: The main body of the First Echelon of the 2NZEF, arrives at Maadi Camp in Egypt.
- March 27: Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage dies
- April 1: Peter Fraser becomes Prime Minister.
- April 1: Formation of No. 75 (NZ) Squadron of the RAF
- June 11: New Zealand declares war on Italy.
- June 19: RMS Niagara hits a mine off Bream Head, Northland
- August 2: Home Guard established.
- August 20: German raider Orion sinks the steamer Turakina off Cape Egmont.
- October: Stanley Graham kills 7 in shooting spree near Hokitika
- 25 November: Steamer Holmwood sunk by German raiders off the Chatham Islands.
- 27 November: Rangitane sunk by German raiders 480km from East Cape
- 8 December: New Zealand steamer Komata sunk by German raiders off Nauru
- Sidney Holland becomes Leader of Opposition.
- Conscription for military service.
- German mines laid across Hauraki Gulf.
- 20 May - 1 June: New Zealand forces suffer heavy losses in the Battle of Crete.
- 8 December: New Zealand declares war on Japan following the attack on Pearl Harbor.
- Māori War Effort Organisation set up.
- Pharmaceutical and general practitioner medical benefits introduced.
- Economic stabilisation.
- New Zealand troops in Battle of El Alamein.
- Food rationing introduced.
- Mobilisation of women for essential work.
- June 12: First 5 ships of American troops from the 37th US Army Division land in Auckland.
- June 14: First American Marines from the 1st Corps Division land in Wellington.
- New Zealand troops take part in invasion of Italy.
- February: Mutiny by Japanese prisoners of war at Featherston prisoner of war camp camp results in 48 Japanese dead, 61 wounded, plus one dead and 11 injured guards.
- April 3: Battle of Manners Street between American and New Zealand servicemen
- June 20: Several Marines drown during landing exercises at Paekakariki.
- August 28: Eleanor Roosevelt arrives in New Zealand for visit.
- September 3: Eleanor Roosevelt flies out from Auckland.
- September 25: General election, Labour re-elected.
- Australia-New Zealand Agreement provides for co-operation in the South Pacific.
- New Zealand signs United Nations charter.
- Māori Social and Economic Advancement Act passed.
- National Airways Corporation founded.
- Family benefit of £1 per week becomes universal.
- Bank of New Zealand nationalised.
- November 24: New Zealand general election, 1946.
[edit] Full independence (1947 to 1983)
[edit] 1947 to 1949
- Statute of Westminster adopted by New Zealand Parliament.
- First public performance by National Orchestra.
- Mabel Howard becomes first woman cabinet minister.
- Fire in Ballantyne's department store, Christchurch, 41 people die.
- Protest campaign against exclusion of Māori players from rugby tour of South Africa.
- Polio epidemic closes schools.
- Mount Ruapehu and Mount Ngauruhoe erupt.
- Meat rationing ends.
- Referendum agrees to compulsory military training.
- New Zealand gets first four navy frigates.
- November 30: General election: National Government elected.
[edit] 1950s
- Naval and ground forces sent to Korean War.
- New Zealand Legislative Council abolished.
- Wool boom.
- Prolonged waterfront dispute, state of emergency proclaimed.
- ANZUS treaty signed between United States, Australia and New Zealand.
- Māori Women's Welfare League established.
- December 27: New Zealand general election, 1951
- Population reaches over two million.
- First tour by a reigning monarch.
- Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay first to climb Mount Everest.
- Railway disaster at Tangiwai, 151 people die.
- New Zealand signs South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty.
- Gains seat on United Nations Security Council.
- September 20: in midst of moral panic, the Mazengarb Report is presented.
- November 13: New Zealand general election, 1954.
- Social Credit gets 10 percent of vote in general election, but no seats in Parliament.
- Pulp and paper mill opens at Kawerau.
- Rimutaka rail tunnel opened.
- February 17: Last hanging, of Walter James Bolton.
- Scott Base established in Ross Dependency.
- Court of Appeal constituted.
- Dairy products gain 10 years of unrestricted access to Britain.
- November 30: General election, National loses election, Walter Nash leads Second Labour Government.
- PAYE tax introduced.
- Arnold Nordmeyer's "Black Budget".
- First geothermal electricity generated at Wairakei.
- First heart-lung machine used at Greenlane Hospital, Auckland.
- Antarctic Treaty signed with other countries involved in scientific exploration in Antarctica.
- Auckland Harbour Bridge opened.
[edit] 1960s
- Regular television programmes begin in Auckland.
- Government Service Equal Pay Act passed.
- November 26: General election, National Government elected.
- New Zealand joins the International Monetary Fund.
- Capital punishment abolished.[2]
- New Zealand troops sent to Malaysia during confrontation with Indonesia.
- Western Samoa becomes independent.
- Sir Guy Powles becomes first Ombudsman.
- New Zealand Māori Council established.
- Cook Strait rail ferry service begins.
- Taranaki gas well opens.
- Marsden Point oil refinery opens at Whangarei.
- Cook Strait power cables laid.
- Auckland's population reaches half a million.
- NAFTA agreement negotiated with Australia.
- Support for United States in Vietnam; New Zealand combat force sent, protest movement begins.
- Cook Islands becomes self-governing.
- International airport officially opens at Auckland.
- New Zealand labour force reaches one million.
- National Library of New Zealand created.
- Te Atairangi Kaahu becomes first Māori Queen.
- November 26: New Zealand general election, 1966.
- Referendum extends hotel closing hours to 10pm.
- 10 July: Decimal currency introduced, see New Zealand Dollar.
- Lord Arthur Porritt becomes first New Zealand-born Governor-General.
- Breath and blood tests introduced for suspected drinking drivers.
- Denny Hulme becomes New Zealand's first (and currently only) Formula 1 World Champion.
- Inter-island ferry Wahine sinks in severe storm in Wellington Harbour, 51 people die.
- Three die in Inangahua earthquake.
- Vote extended to 20-year-olds.
- First output from Glenbrook Steel Mill.
- November 29: General election, National wins fourth election in a row.
[edit] 1970s
- Natural gas from Kapuni supplied to Auckland.
- New Zealand secures continued access of butter and cheese to the United Kingdom.
- Nga Tamatoa protest at Waitangi celebrations.
- Tiwai Point aluminium smelter begins operating.
- Warkworth satellite station begins operation.
- Values Party is formed.
- Equal Pay Act passed.
- November 25: General election, Labour Government led by Norman Kirk elected.
- Naval frigate despatched in protest against French nuclear testing in the Pacific.
- New Zealand's population reaches three million.
- Oil price hike means worst terms of trade in 30 years.
- Colour TV introduced.
- August 31: Prime Minister Norman Kirk dies.
- Commonwealth Games held in Christchurch.
- January 4: Lynne Cox became the first woman to swim across Cook Strait.
- September 14: Māori land march protesting at land loss leaves Te Hapua
- October 13: Māori land march reaches Parliament building in Wellinton, Whina Cooper presents a Memorial of Rights to the Prime Minister Bill Rowling and Māori Affairs Minister Matiu Rata.
- The Waitangi Tribunal is established.
- Second TV channel starts broadcasting.
- November 29: New Zealand general election, 1975. Robert Muldoon becomes Prime Minister after National Party victory.
- 1975 in New Zealand television
- New Zealand's national day February 6 renamed from 'New Zealand Day to Waitangi Day
- Matrimonial Property Act passed.
- Pacific Islands "overstayers" deported.
- EEC import quotas for New Zealand butter set until 1980.
- Introduction of metric system of weights and measures.
- Subscriber toll dialling introduced.
- 1976 in New Zealand television
- National Superannuation scheme begins.
- New Zealand signs the Gleneagles Agreement.
- The 200 nautical mile (370 km) exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is established.
- January 5: Bastion Point occupied by protesters.
- Registered unemployed reaches 25,000.
- New Zealand Film Commission established.
- February 12: 17 arrested after protestors led by Eva Rickard set up camp on the Raglan golf course.
- May 25: Army and Police remove protesters from Bastion Point, 218 arrests are made.
- November 25: General election, National re-elected.
- Air New Zealand Flight 901 crashes on Mount Erebus, Antarctica, 257 people die.
- Carless days introduced to reduce petrol consumption.
- November 7: MP Matiu Rata resigns from the Labour Party to join Mana Motuhake Party.
- Nambassa 3 day music and alternatives festival held in Waihi. Largest event of its kind in New Zealand and the world.
[edit] 1980s
- Social Credit wins East Coast Bays by-election.
- Saturday trading partially legalised.
- Eighty-day strike at Kinleith Mill.
- South African rugby team's tour brings widespread disruption.
- November 28: New Zealand general election, 1981.
- CER agreement signed with Australia.
- First köhanga reo established.
- Year-long wage, price and rent freeze imposed lasts until 1984.
- Visit by nuclear-powered United States Navy frigate "Texas" sparks protests.
- Official Information Act replaces Official Secrecy Act.
- New Zealand Party founded.
[edit] Restructuring (1984 to date)
[edit] 1984 to 1989
- Te Hikoi ki Waitangi march and disruption of Waitangi Day celebrations.
- Auckland's population exceeds that of the South Island.
- July 14: New Zealand general election, 1984 won by Labour under David Lange.
- Constitutional crisis follows general election; outgoing Prime Minister Robert Muldoon refuses to implement advice of Prime Minister elect David Lange.
- Government devalues New Zealand dollar by 20 percent.
- July 26: David Lange becomes New Zealand's 32nd Prime Minister; Fourth Labour government formed.
- Finance Minister Roger Douglas begins deregulating the economy.
- New Zealand ratifies the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.
- Anti-nuclear policy leads to refusal of a visit by the American warship, the USS Buchanan.
- July 10: Greenpeace vessel Rainbow Warrior bombed and sunk by French DGSE agents in Auckland harbour.
- New Zealand dollar floated.
- First case of locally-contracted AIDS is reported.
- Waitangi Tribunal given power to hear grievances arising since 1840.
- November 20 Archbiship Paul Reeves appointed Governor General.
- Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986 passed.
- Royal Commission reports in favour of an MMP (Mixed Member Proportional) electoral system.
- Jim Bolger becomes National Party leader.
- Soviet cruise ship, the Mikhail Lermontov, sinks in Marlborough Sounds.
- Goods and Services Tax introduced.
- First visit to New Zealand by the Pope.
- The Constitution Act ends the right of the British Parliament to pass laws for New Zealand.
- Share prices plummet by 59 percent in four months.
- Māori Language Act making Māori an official language passed.
- Anti-nuclear legislation enacted.
- First Lotto draw.
- New Zealand's first heart transplant is performed.
- New Zealand wins Rugby World Cup.
- Significant earthquake in the Bay of Plenty.
- August 15: General election, Labour re-elected.
- Number of unemployed exceeds 100,000.
- Bastion Point land returned to Māori ownership.
- Combined Council of Trade Unions formed. Royal Commission on Social Policy issues April Report.
- Gibbs Report on hospital services and Picot Report on education published.
- State Sector Act passed.
- Cyclone Bola strikes northern North Island.
- Electrification of the central section of the North Island Main Trunk Railway completed.
- New Zealand Post closes 432 post offices.
- Fisheries quota package announced for Māori iwi.
- Prime Minister David Lange suggests formal withdrawal from ANZUS.
- Jim Anderton founds NewLabour Party.
- Lange resigns and Geoffrey Palmer becomes Prime Minister.
- First annual balance of payments surplus since 1973.
- Reserve Bank Act sets bank's role as one of maintaining price stability.
- First school board elections under Tomorrow's Schools reforms.
- First elections under revised local government structure.
- Sunday trading begins.
- Third TV channel begins.
- Māori Fisheries Act passed.
[edit] 1990s
- New Zealand celebrates its sesquicentennial.
- Māori leaders inaugurate National Congress of Tribes.
- Dame Catherine Tizard becomes first woman Governor-General.
- Geoffrey Palmer resigns as Prime Minister and is replaced by Mike Moore.
- One and two cent coins are no longer legal tender.
- Commonwealth Games held in Auckland.
- Telecom sold for $4.25 billion.
- Pay Television Network Sky TV began broadcasting.
- Welfare payments cut.
- Big earthquake in Hawke's Bay.
- October 27: New Zealand general election, 1990: National Party has landslide victory. Jim Bolger becomes Prime Minister.
- The Resource Management Act 1991 is enacted, rewriting planning law.[4]
- First budget of new Finance Minister, Ruth Richardson. Welfare payments further reduced.
- The Alliance party is formed.
- Employment Contracts Act passed.
- Consumers Price Index has lowest quarterly increase for 25 years.
- Number of unemployed exceeds 200,000 for the first time.
- New Zealand troops join multi-national force in the Gulf War.
- An avalanche on Aoraki/Mount Cook reduces its height by 10.5 metres.
- Government and Māori interests negotiate Sealord fisheries deal.
- Public health system reforms.
- State housing commercialised.
- New Zealand gets seat on United Nations Security Council.
- Student Loan system is started / Tertiary Fees raised
- Centennial of women's suffrage celebrated.
- New Zealand First Party launched by Winston Peters.
- November 6: General election won by National, without obtaining a majority.
- Referendum favours MMP electoral system.
- Opposition MP Peter Tapsell becomes Speaker of the House, thus giving the government a majority.
- Government commits 250 soldiers to front-line duty in Bosnia.
- Government proposes $1 billion cap in plan for final settlement of Treaty of Waitangi claims.
- Sharemarket reaches highest level since 1987 crash.
- New Zealand's first casino opens in Christchurch.
- David Bain is convicted of murdering five members of his family.
- First fast-ferry service begins operation across Cook Strait.
- Team New Zealand wins America's Cup.
- Occupation of Moutoa Gardens, Wanganui.
- Waikato Raupatu Claims Settlement Act passed.
- New political parties form: the Conservatives, Christian Heritage and United New Zealand.
- Renewal of French nuclear tests results in New Zealand protest flotilla and navy ship "Tui" sailing for Moruroa Atoll.
- Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Auckland, Nelson Mandela visits.
- New Zealand contingent returns from Bosnia.
- Imported pests Mediterranean fruit flies and white-spotted tussock moths cause disruption to export trade and to Aucklanders.
- Kahurangi National Park, the 13th National Park, is opened in north-west Nelson.
- Waitangi Tribunal recommends generous settlement of Taranaki land claims.
- First legal sports betting at TAB.
- The commercial radio stations and networks owned by Radio New Zealand are sold to Clear Channel creating The Radio Network.
- $170 million Ngai Tahu settlement proposed, $40 million Whakatohea settlement announced.
- October 12: First MMP election brings National/New Zealand First coalition government.
- America's Cup damaged in attack by a Māori activist.
- TV4 begins daily broadcasts.
- Customs Service cracks down on imported Japanese used cars following claims of odometer fraud.
- Auckland's Sky Tower is opened.
- Compulsory superannuation is rejected by a margin of more than nine to one in New Zealand's first postal referendum.
- Jim Bolger resigns as Prime Minister after losing support of the National Party caucus, and is replaced by New Zealand's first woman Prime Minister, Jenny Shipley.
- Auckland city businesses hit by a power cut lasting several weeks. The crisis of over a month results in an inquiry into Mercury Energy.
- The women's rugby team, the Black Ferns, become the world champions.
- Interest rates and the New Zealand dollar both take a slide, leaving NZ$1 below the US50c mark for the first time in 12 years.
- The National - New Zealand First coalition Government is dissolved leaving the Jenny Shipley led National Party as a minority government.
- Several cases of tuberculosis discovered in South Auckland in the worst outbreak for a decade.
- The Hikoi of Hope marches to Parliament, calling for more support for the poor.
- The government announces plans to lease 28 new fighter aircraft but says no to a new naval frigate.
- Road toll 514
- November 27: New Zealand general election, 1999. Helen Clark's Fifth Labour Government is sworn in.
- Road toll 508
[edit] 2000s
- January: The name suppression of American billionaire Peter Lewis, who was arrested and convicted of drug possession charges, causes controversy.
- Interest accrual is removed from student loans while studying. Students who accrued interest prior to 2001 are still required to pay.
- 30 June: The population of Canterbury reaches half a million.
- 27 July: 2002 general election, Labour returned for a second term; National records worst result since 1930s.
- Population of New Zealand exceeds 4 million.
- Appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council abolished; Supreme Court of New Zealand established.
- Foreshore and Seabed Act passed.
- Māori Party formed.
- Maori TV begins broadcasting
- 17 September: 2005 general election, Labour-led government returned for a third term with a narrow margin.
- Labour enacts its election promise to remove interest on loans to students living in New Zealand.
- Five cent coins are dropped from circulation and existing 10 cent, 20 cent and 50 cent coins are replaced with smaller coins.
- 11 October: $11.5 Billion dollar government surplus announced by Minister of Finance Dr Michael Cullen.
- Last Privy Council appeal results in David Bain's convictions for the murder of his family being quashed; re-trail ordered by the Solicitor-General of New Zealand.
- KiwiSaver retirement savings scheme introduced.
- The New Zealand Dollar briefly exceeds 80 cents against the US Dollar.
- 1 January:Electoral Finance Act enacted.
- 11 January: mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary dies.
- 2008 general election to be held before 15 November.
Note: Population figures sourced from Statistics New Zealand
[edit] References
- ^ a b c McLauchlan, Gordon A Short History of New Zealand Penguin Group, 2005.
- ^ a b c Māori and the Vote. Elections New Zealand. Retrieved on May 18, 2008.
- ^ Key dates in New Zealand electoral reform. Elections New Zealand. Retrieved on May 18, 2008.
- ^ (July 1991) 51b Hansard, Resource Management Bill Third Reading, 3018-3020.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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