Richard Poore

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Richard Poore
This sculpture on the west front of the Cathedral is of Bishop Poore, who oversaw the early years of its construction, beginning in 1220. He is holding a model of the Cathedral in his hand.
Denomination Catholic
Senior posting
See Diocese of Durham
Title Bishop of Durham
Period in office 1229–1237
Predecessor William Scot
Successor Thomas of Melsonby
Religious career
Previous bishoprics Bishop of Chichester
Bishop of Salisbury
Previous post Dean of Salisbury
Personal
Date of death April 15, 1237
Place of death Tarrant Keyneston, Dorset

Richard Poore (or Richard Poor) (d. April 15, 1237) was a medieval English clergyman best known for his role in the construction of Salisbury Cathedral.

Contents

[edit] Early life

He was probably the son of Richard of Ilchester, also known as Richard Toclive, who served as Bishop of Winchester.[1] He was also the brother of Herbert Poore, Bishop of Salisbury from 1194 to 1217.[2] Richard studied under Stephen Langton at Paris.[3] Richard Poore became Dean of Salisbury in 1197, and unsuccessfully was nominated to the see of Winchester in 1205[4] and the see of Durham in 1213.[2][5] During the Interdict on England during King John's reign, Richard returned to Paris to teach until the interdict was lifted.[6]

It was probably during these years before he held an epicopal office that he completed Osmund's Institutio, as well as his own works the Ordinale and the Consuetudinarium. The Institutio detailed the duties of the cathedral clergy at Salisbury, along with their rights. The Ordinale covered the liturgy, and how the various specialised services interacted with the basic divine service. The last work, the Consuetudinarium, gave the customs of Salisbury itself. Both the Consuetudinarium and the Ordinale were basically guides to the Sarum Rite, the usual form of liturgy in thirteenth century England.[6] While he was dean, he also encouraged Robert of Flamborough to write a penitential.[7]

He was Bishop of Chichester in 1215, being elected about January 7[8] and consecrated on January 25 at Reading.[9] He attended the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215.[10] He also served as one of the executors of King John's estate.[6]

[edit] Bishop of Salisbury

Salisbury Cathedral's construction was started by Richard Poore
Salisbury Cathedral's construction was started by Richard Poore

His brother, Herbert Poore, died in 1217, and Richard succeeded to his position as Bishop of Salisbury by June 27.[11] He owed his move to the see of Salisbury to the papal legate, Cardinal Guala Bicchieri.[6] It was during this time that he oversaw and helped plan the construction of the new Salisbury Cathedral as a replacement for the old cathedral at Old Sarum.[12] He also laid out the town of Salisbury in 1219, to allow the workers building the cathedral a less cramped town than the old garrison town at Old Sarum.[13] The cathedral, however, was not dedicated until 1258.[14]

It was while he was at Salisbury that he issued his Statutes of Durham, which derived their name from the fact that he reissued them after being moved to the see of Durham. These statutes were influential on many other episcopal legislation.[15][16] He also welcomed the first Franciscan friars to Salisbury around 1225.[17] He also served as a royal justice in 1218 and 1219. In 1223, with the fall from power of Peter des Roches bishop of Winchester, Ranulph earl of Chester, and Falkes de Breauté, Richard helped Hubert de Burgh take over the government, along with Stephen Langton and Jocelin of Wells bishop of Bath and Wells. The four men worked together to govern England for the next five years.[6]

While he was at Salisbury, he took part in the translation of St Wulfstan's in 1218, and in the translation of Saint Thomas Becket's relics in 1220. At the later event, he was the only other bishop besides Stephen Langton to actually examine Becket's body. Richard also petitioned Pope Gregory IX to have the first bishop of Salisbury, Osmund de Sees canonized, but was unsuccessful. Osmund was eventually made a saint in 1457.[6]

[edit] Bishop of Durham

He was translated to the see of Durham on May 14, 1228.[18] With his move to Durham, he withdrew from royal service, although he was briefly back in service when Peter des Roches returned to power in late 1232 and early 1233.[6] At Durham, he inherited a quarrel between the bishop and the cathedral chapter that mainly involved the election of the prior and the right of the bishop to undertake visitations of the priory. The quarrel had begun under Richard Marsh, and had led to appeals to the papal curia from the monks. Soon after coming to Durham, Richard issued a set of detailed constitutions that governed many of the relations between the bishop, the prior, and the cathedral chapter that was the basis of church government in Durham until the Dissolution of the monasteries under King Henry VIII of England.[6]

[edit] Legacy and death

In 1220, while he was bishop of Salisbury, he ordered his clergy to instruct a few children so that the children might in turn teach the rest of the children in basic church doctrine and prayers. He also had the clergy preach every Sunday that children should not be left alone in a house with a fire or water.[19] Also during his time in Salisbury, he promoted the education of boys by endowing some schoolmasters with benefices provided they did not charge for instruction.[20] In 1237, Richard established a retirement house for the old and infirm clergy of the diocese of Durham.[21] Richard was also an opponent of pluralism, the holding of more than one benefice at the same time. He not only held that a clerk receiving a new benefice should give up the old one, but that if the clerk protested about the loss, he should lose both benefices.[22] He also decreed that the clergy should not be involved in "worldly business".[23]

He died on April 15, 1237[18] at the manor of Tarrant Keyneston in Dorset. His tomb was claimed for both Durham and Salisbury, but most likely he was buried in the church at Tarrant Keynseton which was what he had wished.[6]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ British History Online Bishops of Salisbury accessed on October 30, 2007
  2. ^ a b British History Online Deans of Salisbury accessed on October 30, 2007
  3. ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 163
  4. ^ British History Online Bishops of Winchester accessed on November 2, 2007
  5. ^ British History Online Bishops of Durham accessed on October 25, 2007
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Hoskin, Philippa "Poor, Richard (d. 1237)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 Online Edition accessed November 26, 2007
  7. ^ Mortimer Angevin England p. 201
  8. ^ Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 239
  9. ^ British History Online Bishops of Chichester accessed on October 20, 2007
  10. ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 237
  11. ^ Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 270
  12. ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 236
  13. ^ Mortimer Angevin England p. 175
  14. ^ Mortimer Angevin England p. 227
  15. ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 236-238
  16. ^ Prestwich Plantagenet England p. 99
  17. ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 370
  18. ^ a b Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 241
  19. ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 81-82
  20. ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 105
  21. ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 202
  22. ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 220
  23. ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 232

[edit] References

Roman Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Godfrey de Lucy		 Bishop of Winchester
election quashed
1205		 Succeeded by
Peter des Roches
Preceded by
Philip of Poitou		 Bishop of Durham
election quashed
1209–1213		 Succeeded by
John de Gray
Preceded by
Nicholas de Aquila		 Bishop of Chichester
1215–1217		 Succeeded by
Ranulf of Wareham
Preceded by
Herbert Poore		 Bishop of Salisbury
1217–1228		 Succeeded by
Robert de Bingham
Preceded by
William Scot		 Bishop of Durham
1229–1237		 Succeeded by
Thomas of Melsonby
Persondata
NAME Poore, Richard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Poor, Richard
SHORT DESCRIPTION Bishop of Chichester; Bishop of Salisbury; Bishop of Durham
DATE OF BIRTH
PLACE OF BIRTH
DATE OF DEATH April 15, 1237
PLACE OF DEATH Tarrant Keyneston, Dorset