Orders of magnitude (time)

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Orders of magnitude (time) in E notation
Planck time 1 E-25 s 1 E-24 s 1 E-21 s 1 E-18 s 1 E-17 s 1 E-16 s 1 E-15 s 1 E-14 s 1 E-13 s 1 E-12 s 1 E-11 s 1 E-10 s 1 E-9 s 1 E-8 s 1 E-7 s 1 E-6 s 1 E-5 s 1 E-4 s 1 E-3 s 1 E-2 s 1 E-1 s	1 E0 s 1 E1 s 1 E2 s 1 E3 s 1 E4 s 1 E5 s 1 E6 s 1 E7 s 1 E8 s 1 E9 s 1 E10 s 1 E11 s 1 E12 s 1 E13 s 1 E14 s 1 E15 s 1 E16 s 1 E17 s 1 E18 s 1 E19 s and more
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Contents 1 Seconds 2 Years 3 See also 4 External links 5 Footnotes

[edit] Seconds

Orders of magnitude (time)

Factor (s)	Multiple	Symbol	Definition	Comparative examples & common units	Orders of magnitude
10−44		tP	Planck time is the unit of time of the natural units system known as Planck units.[1]	The shortest or earliest meaningful interval of time that theoretical physics can describe and consequently the youngest the known universe can be measured. ≈ 5.4×10−44 s.	10−44 s
10−24	1 yoctosecond	ys[2]	Yoctosecond, (yocto + second), is one quadrillionth (in the long scale) or one septillionth (in the short scale) of a second.	0.3 ys: mean life of the W and Z bosons.[citation needed] 1 ys: time for top quark decay.[citation needed] 91 ys: half-life of lithium-4.[citation needed]	1 ys and less, 10 ys, 100 ys
10−21	1 zeptosecond	zs	Zeptosecond, (zepto + second), is one trillionth of one billionth of one second.	7 zs: half-life of helium-9's outer neutron in the second nuclear halo. 17 zs: approximate period of electromagnetic radiation at the boundary between gamma rays and X-rays. 300 zs: approximate typical cycle time of X-rays, on the boundary between hard and soft X-rays	1 zs, 10 zs, 100 zs
10−18	1 attosecond	as		100 attoseconds: shortest measured period of time.[3][4]	1 as, 10 as, 100 as
10−15	1 femtosecond	fs		cycle time for 390 nanometre light, transition from visible light to ultraviolet	1 fs, 10 fs, 100 fs
10−12	1 picosecond	ps		1 ps: half-life of a bottom quark 4 ps: Time to execute one machine instruction by an IBM Silicon-Germanium transistor (supercomputer)	1 ps, 10 ps, 100 ps
10−9	1 nanosecond	ns		1 ns: Time to execute one machine instruction by an Intel Pentium 4 1GHz microprocessor 1 ns: Light travels 12 inches (30 cm) 1,000,000,000 nanoseconds: 1 second	1 ns, 10 ns, 100 ns
10−6	1 microsecond	µs		sometimes also abbreviated µsec 1 µs: Time to execute one machine instruction by an Intel 80186 microprocessor	1 µs, 10 µs, 100 µs
10−3	1 millisecond	ms		2 ms: Time to execute one machine instruction by a minicomputer 50-80 ms: Blink of an eye 150-300 ms: Human reflex response to visual stimuli	1 ms, 10 ms, 100 ms
100	1 second	s		60 s: 1 minute	1 s, 10 s, 100 s
103	1 kilosecond (16.7 minutes)	ks		3.6 ks: 3600 s or 1 hour 86.4 ks: 86 400 s or 1 day 604.8 ks: 1 week	103 s, 104 s, 105 s
106	1 megasecond (11.6 days)	Ms		month = 2.6 x 106 s year = 31.6 Ms = 107.50 s ≈ π x 107 s	106 s, 107 s, 108 s
109	1 gigasecond (32 years)	Gs		century = 3.16 Gs ≈ π×109 s millennium = 31.6 Gs ≈ π×1010 s	109 s, 1010 s, 1011 s
1012	1 terasecond (32 000 years)	Ts		eon = 31.6 Ts ≈ π×1013 s	1012 s, 1013 s, 1014 s
1015	1 petasecond (32 million years)	Ps		aeon = 31.6 Ps ≈ π×1016 s 4.3×1017 s ≈ 13.7 billion years, the approximate age of the universe	1015 s, 1016 s, 1017 s
1018	1 exasecond (32 billion years)	Es			1018 s, 1019 s, 1020 s
1021	1 zettasecond (32 trillion years)	Zs			1021 s, 1022 s, 1023 s
1024	1 yottasecond (32 quadrillion years)	Ys			1024 s, 1025 s, 1026 s and more

v • d • e Orders of magnitude (time), by powers of seconds Negative powers 10−44 s | ... | 10−25 s | 10−24 s ... 10−22 s | 10−21 s ... 10−19 s | 10−18 s ... 10−16 s | 10−15 s ... 10−13 s | 10−12 s | 10−11 s | 10−10 s | 10−9 s | 10−8 s | 10−7 s | 10−6 s | 10−5 s | 10−4 s | 10−3 s | 10−2 s | 10−1 s Positive powers 1 s | 10 s | 102 s | 103 s | 104 s | 105 s | 106 s | 107 s | 108 s | 109 s | 1010 s | 1011 s | 1012 s | 1013 s |1014 s | 1015 s | 1016 s | 1017 s | 1018 s | 1019 s and more

[edit] Years

Orders of magnitude (time)

Factor (a)	Multiple	common units	orders of magnitude
10−50		Planck time, the shortest physically meaningful interval of time ≈ 1.71×10−50 a	10−50 a
10−24	1 yoctoannum	--	1 ya and less, 10 ya, 100 ya
10−21	1 zeptoannum	--	1 za, 10 za, 100 za
10−18	1 attoannum	--	1 aa, 10 aa, 100 aa
10−15	1 femtoannum	--	1 fa, 10 fa, 100 fa
10−12	1 picoannum	--	1 pa, 10 pa, 100 pa
10−9	1 nanoannum	1 second = 3.17 × 10-8 a ≈ 10-7.50 a	1 na, 10 na, 100 na
10−6	1 microannum	1 minute = 1.90 × 10-6 a 1 hour = 1.40 × 10-4 a	1 ua, 10 ua, 100 ua
10−3	1 milliannum	1 day = 2.73 × 10-3 a 1 week = 1.91 × 10-2 a	1 ma, 10 ma, 100 ma
100	1 annum	year = 1 annum decade = 10 anna century = 100 anna	1 a, 10 a, 100 a
103	1 kiloannum	millennium = 1000 anna	103 a, 104 a, 105 a
106	1 megaannum	epoch = 1,000,000 anna	106 a, 107 a, 108 a
109	1 gigaannum	aeon = 1,000,000,000 anna 1.37×1010 a ≈ 13.7 billion years, the approximate age of the universe	109 a, 1010 a, 1011 a
1012	1 teraannum	---	1012 a, 1013 a, 1014 a
1015	1 petaannum	---	1015 a, 1016 a, 1017 a
1018	1 exaannum	--	1018 a, 1019 a, 1020 a
1021	1 zettaannum	--	1021 a, 1022 a, 1023 a
1024	1 yottaannum	--	1024 a, 1025 a, 1026 and more

The pages linked in the right-hand column contain lists of times that are of the same order of magnitude (power of ten). Rows in the table represent increasing powers of a thousand (3 orders of magnitude).

Conversion from year to second is year × 31 557 600 using the Julian year. Conversion from log₁₀ year to log₁₀ second is approximately log₁₀ year + 7.50. Example conversion; 1 year = 10⁰ year = 10^{0 + 7.50} seconds = 10^{0.50 + 7}s = 3.16 * 10⁷s.

[edit] See also

• Natural history
• Geologic timescale
• Human timescales
• Logarithmic timeline
• Timeline of evolution
• Timeline of the Big Bang

• units
• Planck units

• second
• annum

[edit] External links

• Exploring Time from Planck time to the lifespan of the universe

[edit] Footnotes

1. ^ Wikipedia contributors. Planck time. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. December 7, 2007, 05:55 UTC. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Planck_time&oldid=176315682. Accessed December 19, 2007.
2. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Available at: http://www.bartleby.com/61/21/Y0022100.html. Accessed December 19, 2007. note: abbr. ys or ysec
3. ^ Shortest time interval measured. BBC News (25 February 2004).
4. ^ Fastest view of molecular motion. BBC News (4 March 2006).

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