Orders of magnitude (mass)

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Orders of magnitude
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angular velocity
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density
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mass
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Conversion of units
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SI
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Planck units

To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various mass levels between 10⁻³⁶ kg and 10⁵³ kg.

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
10−36	1.783×10−36 kg	One eV/c², the mass equivalent of one electronvolt of energy.
	3.6×10−36 kg	Electron neutrino, upper limit on mass (2 eV/c²)
10−35
10−34
10−33
10−32
10−31	9.11×10−31 kg	Electron (511 keV/c²), the lightest elementary particle with a measured nonzero rest mass.
10−30
10−29
10−28	1.9×10−28 kg	Muon (106 MeV/c²)
10−27 yoctogram (yg)	1.661×10−27 kg	Atomic mass unit (u) or dalton (Da)
	1.673×10−27 kg	Proton (938.3 MeV/c²)
	1.674×10−27 kg	Hydrogen atom, the lightest atom
	1.675×10−27 kg	Neutron (939.6 MeV/c²)
10−26	1.15×10−26 kg	Lithium atom (6.941 u)
	2.99×10−26 kg	Water molecule (18.015 u)
	7.95×10−26 kg	Titanium atom (47.867 u)
10−25	1.79×10−25 kg	Silver atom (107.8682 u)
	1.6×10−25 kg	Z boson (91.2 GeV/c²)
	3.1×10−25 kg	Top quark (173 GeV/c²), the heaviest known elementary particle
	3.2×10−25 kg	Caffeine molecule (194 u)
	3.45×10−25 kg	Lead-208 atom, the heaviest stable isotope known

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
10−24 zeptogram (zg)
10−23
10−22	1.1×10−22 kg	Haemoglobin A molecule in blood
10−21 attogram (ag)
10−20	10−20 kg	A small virus
10−19

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
10−18 femtogram (fg)
10−17	1.1×10−17 kg	Mass equivalent of one joule
	4.6×10−17 kg	Mass equivalent of a calorie
10−16	7×10−16 kg	Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterium
10−15 picogram (pg)
10−14
10−13

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
10−12 nanogram (ng)	10−12 kg	Average human cell (1 nanogram)
10−11
10−10	3.5×10−10 kg	Small grain of sand (0.063 mm diameter, 350 nanograms)
10−9 microgram (µg)	2×10−9 kg	Mass of human ovum, uncertainty in the mass of the prototype kilogram (2 micrograms)
10−8	2.2×10−8 kg	Planck mass
10−7

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
10−6 milligram (mg)	1–2×10−6 kg	Typical mass of a mosquito (1–2 milligrams)
10−5 centigram (cg)	1.1×10−5 kg	Large grain of sand (2 mm diameter, 11 milligrams)
10−4 decigram (dg)	1.5×10−4 kg	Typical amount of caffeine in one cup of coffee (150 milligrams)
	2×10−4 kg	Metric carat (200 milligrams)
10−3 gram (g)	10−3 kg	One cubic centimeter of water (1 gram)
	8×10−3 kg	Typical coins: euro (7.5 grams) and U.S. dollar (8.1 grams)
10−2 decagram (dag)	1.2–4×10−2 kg	Adult mouse (Mus musculus, 12–40 grams)
	2.4×10−2 kg	Amount of ethanol in one drink (24 grams)
	2.8×10−2 kg	Ounce (avoirdupois) (28.35 grams)
10−1 hectogram   (hg)	0.15 kg	Human kidney (150 grams)
	0.454 kg	Pound (avoirdupois) (454 grams)

[edit] 1 kg and more

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
1 kg kilogram (kg)	1 kg	One litre of water, approx.
	3 kg	Newborn human baby
	4.0 kg	Women's shotput
	5–7 kg	Housecat
	7.26 kg	Men's shotput
101	10–30 kg	A CRT computer monitor or television set
	15–20 kg	Medium-sized dog
	70 kg	Adult human; large dog
102	180–250 kg	Mature lion, female (180 kg) and male (250 kg)
	700 kg	Dairy cow
	907.18474 kg	1 short ton (2000 pounds - U.S.)
103 megagram (Mg)	1000 kg	Metric ton/tonne; one cubic metre of water
	1016.0469088 kg	Ton (British) / 1 long ton (2240 pounds - U.S.)
	800–1600 kg	Typical passenger automobiles
	3000–7000 kg	Adult elephant
	5000 kg	A teaspoon (5 ml) of white dwarf material (5 tonne)
104	1.1×104 kg	Hubble Space Telescope (11 tonnes)
	1.2×104 kg	Largest elephant on record (12 tonnes)
	1.4×104 kg	Big Ben (Bell) (14 tonnes)
	4.4×104 kg	Usual maximum gross mass (truck + load combined) of a Semi-trailer truck (44 tonnes)
	6.0×104 kg	Largest Meteorite, Hoba West Meteorite (60 tonnes)
	8–10×104 kg	Largest known dinosaur, the Argentinosaurus (80–100 tonnes)
105	1.8x105 kg	Largest animal, the blue whale (180 tonnes)
	1.87×105 kg	International Space Station (187 tonnes)
	6×105 kg	Antonov An-225 (the world's heaviest aircraft) maximum take-off mass (600 tonnes); payload: 250 tonnes

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
106 gigagram (Gg)	1.25×106 kg	Trunk of the Giant Sequoia tree named General Sherman (1250 tonnes)
	1.5×106 kg	Individual gate of the Thames Barrier
	2.041×106 kg	Launch mass of the Space Shuttle (2041 tonnes)
	6×106 kg	Largest clonal colony, the quaking aspen named Pando (6000 tonnes)
107	1.1×107 kg	Annual production of Darjeeling tea (11,000 tonnes)
	2.6×107 kg	RMS Titanic (26,000 tonnes)
	9.97×107 kg	Heaviest train ever (99,700 tonnes): Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record
108	6.5×108 kg	Largest ship, Knock Nevis, when fully loaded (650,000 tonnes)
109 teragram (Tg)	4.3×109 kg	Amount of matter converted into energy by the Sun each second
	6×109 kg	Great Pyramid of Giza
1010	6×1010 kg	Amount of concrete in the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest concrete structure
1011	2×1011 kg	Amount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2 km³)
	3×1011 kg	Total mass of the human world population
	5×1011 kg	Total biomass of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, thought to be the most plentiful creature on the planet

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
1012 petagram (Pg)	3.91×1012 kg	World oil production in 2001
	5.5×1012 kg	A teaspoon (5 ml) of neutron star material (5000 million tonne)
	~1×1012 kg	The mass of a primordial black hole with an evaporation time equal to the age of the universe
1013
1014	2–3×1014 kg	Amount of rock that exploded in the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in 1815
1015 exagram (Eg)	1×1015 kg	Estimated total world coal reserves economically accessible using current mining technology
1016	1×1016 kg	951 Gaspra, the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft
1017	1.6×1017 kg	Prometheus (moon), a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of Saturn's F Ring.

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
1018 zettagram (Zg)	5×1018 kg	Earth's atmosphere
	5.7×1018 kg	Hyperion, a moon of Saturn
1019	3×1019 kg	3 Juno, the fifth largest asteroid in the main Asteroid Belt
1020	8.7×1020 kg	Ceres, the largest asteroid in the main Asteroid Belt (now officially a dwarf planet)
1021 yottagram (Yg)	1.35×1021 kg	Earth's oceans
	1.6×1021 kg	Charon, the moon of Pluto
	2.3×1021 kg	Total mass of the Asteroid Belt
1022	1.3×1022 kg	Pluto
	1.5×1022 kg	Triton, largest moon of Neptune
	7.35×1022 kg	Earth's Moon
1023	1.3×1023 kg	Titan, largest moon of Saturn
	1.5×1023 kg	Ganymede, largest moon of Jupiter
	3.2×1023 kg	Mercury
	6.4×1023 kg	Mars

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
1024	4.9×1024 kg	Venus
	6.0×1024 kg	The Earth
1025	3.0×1025 kg	Lowest estimate of the mass of the Oort cloud
	8.7×1025 kg	Uranus
1026	1.0×1026 kg	Neptune
	5.7×1026 kg	Saturn
	6.0×1026 kg	Highest estimate of the mass of the Oort cloud
1027	1.9×1027 kg	Jupiter
1028	1–17×1028 kg	Brown dwarf stars
1029	3.4×1029 kg	Barnard's Star, a near red dwarf star

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
1030	2×1030 kg	Sun; one solar mass
	2.9×1030 kg	Chandrasekhar limit (1.44 solar masses)
1031	4×1031 kg	Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star
1032
1033
1034
1035

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
1036	7.4×1036 kg	The supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy, associated with the radio source Sagittarius A*
1037
1038		Typical mass of a globular cluster
1039
1040	3.6×1040 kg	Mass of OJ287, the largest measured supermassive black hole
1041	3.6×1041 kg	Visible mass of the Milky Way galaxy

Factor (kg)	Value	Item
1042	2×1042 kg	Total mass of the Milky Way galaxy
1043
1044
1045
1046	2×1046 kg	Virgo Supercluster
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052	3×1052 kg	Mass of the observable universe

[edit] External links

• Mass units conversion calculator
• Mass units conversion calculator JavaScript