Miami University

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Coordinates: 39°30′43″N 84°44′05″W / 39.511905, -84.734674

Miami University
Seal of Miami University

Latin: Universitas Miamiensis
Motto: Prodesse Quam Conspici
Motto in English: To Accomplish Rather Than To Be Conspicuous
Established: 1809
Type: Public
Endowment: $320,188,000[1] (2007)
President: David C. Hodge
Staff: 1,400 system-wide
Students: 20,126 system-wide
Undergraduates: 18,863 system-wide; 14,265 Oxford
Postgraduates: 1,642 system-wide
Location: Oxford, Ohio,
Hamilton, Ohio,
Middletown, Ohio,
Differdange, Luxembourg
Campus: 2,000 acres (8 km²)
Athletics: 15 NCAA Division I / Bowl Subdivision[2] teams in the Mid-American Conference
Colors: Red and White            
Nickname: RedHawks
Mascot: Swoop the RedHawk
Affiliations: Miami University System, University System of Ohio
Website: www.muohio.edu
Image:mulogo2.gif

Miami University (colloquially and incorrectly referred to as Miami of Ohio for clarification purposes) is a selective coeducational public university founded in 1809 in the college town of Oxford, Ohio with its primary focus on educating undergraduates.[3][4]

Contents

[edit] Overview

The tenth public college founded in the United States, Miami University dates back to a grant of land made for its support by the United States Congress and signed by George Washington on May 5, 1792. The university's first president, Robert Hamilton Bishop, envisioned Miami as the "Yale of the West" and planned the first several buildings accordingly.[5]

Miami is located in southwestern Ohio approximately thirty miles (50 km) northwest of Cincinnati. The Miami in this school's name refers to the Miami River valley, cut by two medium-sized rivers, the Little Miami River and the Great Miami River, that flow through southwestern Ohio; the rivers were in turn named after the Miami Indians who lived in the area before European settlement.

Miami is currently ranked 67th[6] among 252 "National Universities" according to U.S. News & World Report. In this same report the university ranks, tied with Clemson University, as 27th[7] among public National Universities. BusinessWeek ranks the undergraduate business program for the Farmer School of Business at 24th[8] among U.S. business schools, 8th among public business schools, and 1st among Ohio business schools.

The Phi Delta Theta Gate was built through contributions by the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity, which was founded at Miami in 1848.
The Phi Delta Theta Gate was built through contributions by the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity, which was founded at Miami in 1848.

Miami University is reputed to be one of the most beautiful university campuses, as poet Robert Frost described Miami as "the most beautiful college there is."[9] The campus features modified Georgian revival red brick buildings on an open, tree-shaded campus void of high rise skyscraper dormitories. Miami is also striking in that the entire campus is consistent in design and appearance except for the buildings on the former Western College campus and the Miami University Art Museum. Parts of the campus can be seen in the 1991 film Little Man Tate with Jodie Foster, which was largely filmed on the Oxford campus.

Miami was named one of eight original "Public Ivys" in Richard Moll's 1985 book, The Public Ivys: America's Flagship Undergraduate Colleges. Miami is known as the "Cradle of Coaches" because several prominent football coaches were student/athletes and/or coaches at Miami before achieving greater fame at more prominent college programs or the National Football League. Among these coaches were Earl Blaik, Paul Brown, Sid Gillman, Woody Hayes, Ara Parseghian, Weeb Ewbank, Bo Schembechler, Randy Walker, Ron Zook, and Joe Novak.

Miami graduated an American President, Benjamin Harrison, placing the school in a prestigious category of Presidential alma maters. Miami is only one of four colleges (Stanford, Michigan, and the U.S. Naval Academy) to produce both a U.S. President and a Super Bowl winning quarterback (Ben Roethlisberger). It is also the alma mater of many U.S. Senators, U.S. Representatives, U.S. military leaders, State Governors and Fortune 500 business executives.

For many years, the athletic teams at Miami were nicknamed Redskins, but in 1997 the nickname was changed to RedHawks. Some controversy surrounded this change and some aspects of the old identity persist. The RedHawks compete in NCAA Division I in all sports (I-A in football). Miami's primary conference is the Mid-American Conference; its hockey program is a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association.

Miami is also known for its School of Education, housed in McGuffey Hall, named for Professor William Holmes McGuffey, who taught there and wrote America's most widely used pioneer text books - the McGuffey Readers - while at the school.

The Miami Student claims to be is the oldest university newspaper, tracking its founding to 1826 although Dartmouth College's student newspaper contests this claim as being the oldest college newspaper.

Freedom Summer training was at Western College now a campus in the summer of 1964.

[edit] History

Elliott Hall was modeled after Yale's Connecticut Hall.
Elliott Hall was modeled after Yale's Connecticut Hall.

Miami University was first provided for under the Northwest Ordinance, which would regulate the free states of the Midwest. On May 5, 1792, "the President of the United States was authorized to grant letters patent to John Cleves Symmes and his associates . . . provided that the land grant should include one complete township . . . for the purpose of establishing an academy and other public schools and seminaries of learning. After Ohio became a state in 1803, the State legislature assumed responsibility for making sure that John Cleves Symmes would set aside a township of land for the support of an academy. Such a law was passed by the State legislature April 15, 1803. . . . Finally, on February 17, 1809, the State legislature created Miami University and provided that one complete township in the State of Ohio in the district of Cincinnati was to be vested in Miami University for its use, benefit, and support."[1] This was known as the "College Township".

The 7th oldest public university in the nation, Miami University took students from all over the West, and was known as the "Yale of the Early West". It was at one point the 4th largest university in the United States after Harvard, Yale, and Dartmouth. As the East-West rivalries subsided, but the North-South rivalries surged, Miami University split apart at the time of the Civil War. Most graduates volunteered for the Union, more than any other school except the military academies. The majority of those that didn't, primarily from Southern states (such as Jefferson Davis' nephew) volunteered in the Confederate armies. Because its students had left for war, because many alumni and professors died in the War, because the West opened up to other universities, and because Southern families no longer sent their sons to the North for an education, "Old Miami" passed on and Miami University nearly died. The university, unable to pay its huge debts, closed in 1873 and did not reopen until 1885.

Alumni Hall
Alumni Hall
The "Beta Bells" of Miami University were built with funds donated by the Beta Theta Pi fraternity on its Centennial in 1939.
The "Beta Bells" of Miami University were built with funds donated by the Beta Theta Pi fraternity on its Centennial in 1939.

With the help of alumni and Ohio legislators, "New Miami" was restarted as a coeducational school of education and liberal arts. Although the Ohio State University, then the Ohio Agriculture and Mechanical College (Ohio A&M), had been launched in the interim, Miami University gained a fair share of Ohio students by the 1890s, and by the 1950s had massively grown.

Over the course of the twentieth century, Miami has absorbed two women's colleges located in Oxford: Oxford College (1854–1929) and Western College for Women (1853–1974, a daughter school of Mount Holyoke. Oxford was also home to Oxford Theological Seminary (1838–1858) and the Oxford Female Institute (1849–1867). Miami University was coeducational long before most schools in the Ivy League. Miami has been a non-sectarian school as were other pioneer universities in the Midwest, though its early leaders were often Presbyterians. Miami University's current enrollment is approximately 15,000 undergraduates and 1,400 graduate students. In addition to its Oxford campus, Miami has additional campuses in Hamilton and Middletown, Ohio, and a European Center in Differdange, Luxembourg.

Miami University is known around the Greek World for the Miami Triad, three fraternities founded in the 19th century that spread throughout the United States, and is called "Mother of Fraternities." These were Beta Theta Pi (1839), Sigma Chi (1855), and Phi Delta Theta (1848). The Delta Zeta sorority was also founded at Miami University in 1902 as was the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity in 1906. Alpha Delta Phi was the first fraternity to arrive on campus in 1833. Phi Delta Theta was founded in Elliott Hall and two of Phi Kappa Tau's four founders lived in the same room at the time of its founding.

In an effort to make college more affordable to Ohio students, Miami offers a varied in-state tuition based on financial need as well as state-identified key areas of study including engineering and mathematics. In 2007-08, the highest tuition paid by Ohioans is $11,643; 60 percent pay less, as low as $8,900. Ohio families earning $35,000 or less annually pay no tuition courtesy of the Miami Access Initiative.

[edit] Miami University System

[edit] Academic Divisions

Miami University has six academic divisions—the College of Arts & Science, the Farmer School of Business, the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, the School of Education, Health, and Society, the School of Fine Arts, and the Graduate School.

The College of Arts and Science is the oldest and largest college at Miami, with nearly half of the undergraduate student body enrolled. The college offers 56 majors, 48 minors, and 2 co-majors (Environmental Science and Environmental Principles & Practice). Ten of the eleven doctoral degrees offered by Miami are provided through the College of Arts and Science.[10]

Miami's Farmer School of Business offers eight majors, and is ranked by U.S. News & World Report (as of 2007) as 21st among the top public universities in the nation.[11][12] The School also offers graduate MBA, Accountancy, and Economics degrees. Although the Farmer School of Business is currently housed in multiple academic buildings on campus, construction is underway on Farmer Hall, which "will house all aspects of the Farmer School of Business under one roof, enabling us to pursue our mission and make significant progress in achieving our goal of excellence in business education."[13]

The School of Engineering & Applied Sciences offers 12 accredited majors at the Oxford Campus[14], and recently moved into the new Engineering Building—a $22 million-dollar facility finished in 2007[15]. The School also offers masters degrees in Computer Science and Paper & Chemical Engineering[16]

The School of Education, Health, and Society–formerly known as the School of Education & Allied Professions–offers 26 undergraduate degrees[17] spanning areas from teacher education, kinesiology & health, educational psychology, and family studies & social work.[18] As of fall 2007, nearly 2,800 undergraduates were enrolled in the School.[19]

Miami's School of Fine Arts comprises four departments–Architecture & Interior Design, Music, Theater and Art. Each department has it's own admission requirements separate from the standard admissions requirements for the University. Art majors choose a concentration in areas such as ceramics, metals, photography, printmaking, sculpture, graphic design, and interior design. Music majors specify either music performance or music education.[20].

Miami offers master's degrees in 50 areas of study, and doctoral degrees in 11. In order to enroll in graduate courses, students must first be accepted into The Graduate School, and then into the department through which the degree is offered.[21] For all students (in-state and out-of-state), tuition for the Graduate School is roughly the same as for an undergraduate degree. Out-of-state students still pay approximately $13,000 more than in-state students.[22][23]

[edit] Mission statement

The mission of Miami University is to preserve, add to, evaluate, and transmit the accumulated knowledge of the centuries; to develop critical thinking, extend the frontiers of knowledge, and serve society; and to provide an environment conducive to effective and inspired teaching and learning, promote professional development of faculty, and encourage scholarly research and creativity of faculty and students.

Miami University logo
Miami University logo

Miami's primary concern is its students. This concern is reflected in a broad array of efforts to develop the potential of each student. The University endeavors to individualize the educational experience. It provides personal and professional guidance; and, it offers opportunities for its students to achieve understanding and appreciation not only of their own culture but of the cultures of others as well. Selected undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs of quality should be offered with the expectation of students achieving a high level of competence and understanding and developing a personal value system. Since the legislation creating Miami University stated that a leading mission of the University was to promote "good education, virtue, religion, and morality", the University has been striving to emphasize the supreme importance of dealing with problems related to values.

Miami is committed to serve the community, state, and nation. It offers access to higher education, including continuing education, for those who can benefit from it, at a reasonable cost, without regard for race, creed, sex, or age. It educates men and women for responsible, informed citizenship, as well as for meaningful employment. It provides both disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to the pursuit of knowledge and to the solving of problems. It sponsors a wide range of cultural and educational activities which have significance beyond the campus and the local community.[2]


[edit] Alma Mater

The alma mater was written by Alfred H. Upham, the 16th President of Miami[24]. His original verses are as follows:

Old Miami from thy hillcrest,
Thou hast watched the decades roll,
While thy sons have quested from thee,
Sturdy hearted, pure of soul.

Aging in thy simple splendor,
Thou the calm and they the storm;
Thou didst give them joy in conquest,
Strength from thee sustained their arm.

Now of late thyself envigored,
Larger usefulness awaits;
Hosts assemble for thy blessing,
Youth and maiden throng thy gate.

Thou shalt stand a constant beacon,
Crimson tow'rs against the sky;
Men shall ever seek thy guiding,
Pow'r like thine shall never die.

Chorus*:
Old Miami! New Miami!
Days of old and days to be;
Weave the story of thy glory,
Our Miami, here's to thee!

*The chorus is sung between each verse and at the end.

The Miami Men's Glee Club often performs the alma mater at University events such as convocation, guest lectures, or commencement. A sample of the glee club singing the alma mater can be heard here. In 1989, after consultation of alumni, faculty, students, and staff, four additional verses were added to the alma mater[25]. It is customary to play the first verse and chorus of the alma mater at the end of Miami athletic events, usually when the marching band or pep band is present.

[edit] Fight Song

Miami's fight song was composed in 1908 by Professor of Geology Raymond H. Burke. Before the music was composed, students sang the words to the tune of "Oh My Darling Clementine"[26]. The lyrics are as follows:

Love and honor to Miami,
Our college old and grand,
Proudly we shall ever hail thee,
Over all the land.

Alma mater now we praise thee,
Sing joyfully this lay,
Love and honor to Miami,
Forever and a day.

[edit] Presidents of Miami

  1. Robert Hamilton Bishop, 1824-1841
  2. George Junkin, 1841-1844
  3. Erasmus D. MacMaster, 1845-1849
  4. William C. Anderson, 1849-1854
  5. Orange Nash Stoddard, 1854 (pro tempore)
  6. John W. Hall, 1854-1866
  7. Robert B. Stanton, 1868-1871
  8. Andrew Dousa Hepburn, 1871-1873 (pro tempore; later considered to be regular)
  9. Robert W. McFarland, 1885-1888 (pro tempore; later considered to be regular)
  10. Ethelbert D. Warfield, 1888-1891
  11. William Oxley Thompson, 1891-1899
  12. David Stanton Tappan, 1899-1902
  13. Guy Potter Benton, 1902-1911
  14. Edgar Ewing Brandon, 1909-1910 (acting), 1927-1928 (acting)
  15. Raymond M. Hughes, 1911-1913 (acting), 1913-1927
  16. Alfred H. Upham, 1928-1945
  17. Alpheus K. Morris, 1945-1946 (acting)
  18. Ernest H. Hahne, 1946-1952
  19. John D. Millett, 1953-1964
  20. Charles Ray Wilson, 1964-1965 (acting)
  21. Phillip R. Shriver, 1965-1981
  22. Paul G. Pearson, 1981-1992
  23. Paul G. Risser, 1993-1995
  24. Anne Hopkins, December 1995-July 1996 (acting)
  25. James C. Garland, 1996-June 2006
  26. David C. Hodge, July 2006 - present

[edit] Commencement speakers

[edit] Athletics

Main article: Miami RedHawks
A football game at Yager Stadium
A football game at Yager Stadium

Miami University has a rich history of intercollegiate athletics and today fields a Division I (FBS for football) athletic program in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) East Division. The now demolished Miami Field, built in 1895, was the second oldest college football facility in the nation edged only by the University of Pennsylvania's Franklin Field. There are men's sports teams for baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, ice hockey, swimming and diving, and track and field. For women, Miami offers basketball, cross country, field hockey, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, volleyball, synchronized skating, track and field, and tennis. Though not the proper way to refer to the school, Miami is sometimes referred to as Miami of Ohio or Miami (OH) to distinguish it from the University of Miami in Florida[3]. Miami is well known among the sports world for its reputation as the Cradle of Coaches and is one of only 13 schools in the nation to have a Division I-A football team as well as Division I basketball and ice hockey teams.

Miami historically has had some of the highest graduation rates of student-athletes in the NCAA, second only to Navy. Football and Ice Hockey are the most popular according to the student body. Miami is a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA). Fred C. Yager Stadium is the main football facility on the Oxford campus.

Track and Cross Country have been prominent over the last decade, producing several All-Americans and multiple top 3 conference finishes. Daniel Huling recently placed third in the steeple chase at the US Championships. Previous alumni include Brian Godsey (former world record holder in the backwards 800m, 3000m, video confirmation by Assistant T&F Coach Ceith Creekmur), Steve Padgett (a sub 9-minute two-miler in high school), David Mitchell (an All-American in NCAA Cross-country).

Miami has two college sports rivalries: one with the University of Cincinnati called the 'Battle for the Victory Bell' and another with Ohio Bobcats called the 'Battle of the Bricks.'

Miami and the University of Cincinnati square off each fall for the famed Victory Bell. The original bell hung in Miami's Harrison Hall (Old Main) near the site of the first football game in 1888 and was used to ring in Miami victories. The traveling trophy tradition began in the 1890s when some Cincinnati fans, purportedly led by local gunslinger Jeff Orlick, "borrowed" the bell. The bell went to the winner of the annual game for the next 40 years until it mysteriously disappeared in the 1930s. The original bell reappeared in 1946 and is on display in the lobby of the Murstein Alumni Center in Oxford. The current trophy is a replica of the original bell and is kept in the possession of the winning team each year. One side of the bell is painted red and black and shows Cincinnati's victories while the other side is red and white and shows Miami's victories. Miami leads the series 59-44-7 and has won three of the last four games. The Miami-Cincinnati series ranks fifth on the list of the most played rivalries in college football and the oldest rivalry west of the Allegheny Mountains. Of the more than 30 rivalries that include at least 89 games, none are older than Miami vs. Cincinnati.

The Battle of the Bricks is an annual all-sports rivalry competition between the Ohio Bobcats and the Miami RedHawks athletic programs. The name "Battle of the Bricks" evolved from each school's reputation of a pristine campus of red brick buildings. Each varsity athletic competition in which the Bobcats and RedHawks meet, including tournament play, is counted as part of the year's series record. At the conclusion of each academic year, the school with the most varsity wins takes the trophy back to its campus for the following year.

In October 2006 the Goggin Ice Center, a $34 million hockey arena seating 3,642 spectators, was christened. The old arena was opened in 1976, and closed in mid-2006, giving way to the new arena. It is now home to both the Miami University men's Ice Hockey team and the Women's Synchronized Skating team, which is the largest women's sport on campus. The Miami University Senior Synchronized Skating team has earned a spot in the World Synchronized Skating Championships in five of the past seven seasons. The RedHawks have finished among the top four teams at the past two World Championships, including a silver-medal 2nd-place finish at the 2007 World Synchronized Skating Championships -- the first time a U.S. team has medalled at the event. In its past five appearances at the World Synchronized Skating Championships, Miami has finished no lower than ninth. The collegiate Synchronized Skating team has won an unparalleled 10 U.S. championship titles since the division was created 12 seasons ago. The newly formed junior level team has also won great acclaim, earning a spot to compete internationally as part of Team USA in its first season (2006-2007).

Notable sports alumni include Ben Roethlisberger, the current quarterback of the Pittsburgh Steelers, Ara Parseghian, a former Notre Dame football coach, Milt Stegall, the current all time touchdown leader in the CFL, Weeb Ewbank, a former New York Jets football coach, Paul Brown, the founder of the former Cleveland Browns and Cincinnati Bengals, Charlie Leibrandt, a Major League Baseball pitcher, Ron Harper, a former NBA basketball player, Wally Szczerbiak, a basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Ira Newble, hockey players Kevyn Adams, Andy Greene, Brian Savage, Dan Boyle and Bo Schembechler, a former Miami and University of Michigan football coach.

[edit] Recognition

Harrison Hall at Sunset
Harrison Hall at Sunset

The Fiske Guide To Colleges rates Miami with 4.5 stars out of a possible 5 and cites it as a "rising star among state universities."[citation needed] In 2006, Kiplinger ranked Miami 38th among all American public four-year universities for "top flight academics and affordable costs," the top ranking of an Ohio college. In 2003, The Wall Street Journal named Miami a "feeder school" and ranked it 22nd among public universities in their article titled "Want to go to Harvard Law?"[27]

A July 2006 New York Times article cited Miami University as a "hidden gem" stating the "focus is truly on educating undergraduates. This is a medium-size institution with the advantages that confers but it still has the feel of a small liberal arts college."[28] The Kaplan-Newsweek College Catalog calls Miami a "hidden treasure-terrific schools that deserve more national attention".

A 2004 article from The Education Trust, a non-profit program of the American Association for Higher Education, praised Miami University for its statistically superior graduation rates among both its student body and student athletes. [29]

At the same time, The Princeton Review ranks Miami University first for little race/class interaction, fourth for homogeneous student population, 15th for alternative lifestyle rejection, and 20th for students dissatisfied with financial aid.

In 2007, Business Week released their official rankings of the top undergraduate business schools in the United States and Miami's Farmer School of Business ranked 35th among all American universities, 12th among all public universities and 1st among all Ohio universities.[30] Also, The Public Accounting Report named Miami's undergraduate accountancy program 12th in the nation[31] The business school is endowed by Richard T. Farmer, founder and chairman of the Cintas Corporation and one of the wealthiest men in Ohio (according to Forbes).[32]

Miami also offers one of the nations largest senior scholarships, the Goldman Prize[4]. The prize is awarded to one graduating senior and is valued at $26,000 for use in a year long independent research study.

[edit] Greek Life

Miami University is home to the only endowed fraternity and sorority life and leadership office, The Cliff Alexander Office of Fraternity and Sorority Life and Leadership with about one out of three Miami undergraduate students claiming membership in a Greek letter society. This puts Miami among the top public universities in America in student Greek letter organization member percentage with the spring semester (when fraternity/sorority recruitment is held) percentage in some years having been possibly the highest of any public university in the nation.[33] A current roster of active general Greek letter societies include:

Interfraternity Council-member Fraternities

Panhellenic Council-member Sororities

Professional and Fraternities and Sororities

[edit] Notable campus features

  • Phi Delta Theta Gates
  • Beta Theta Pi Campanile
  • The Upham Arch
  • The Tri-Delt Sundial, decorated with Turtles. This landmark tells the correct time four times a year.
  • MacCracken Hall and Central Quad
  • Verlin L. Pulley Carillon and Clock Tower
  • McGuffey Hall, named for Miami professor William Holmes McGuffey author of the McGuffy readers
  • The Hub

[edit] Closing of Western College Program

On June 23, 2006, the Board of Trustees passed a controversial decision to remove the Western College Program as a separate college within Miami University.[34] Originally founded in the early 19th century as the Western College for Women by westward travelers from Mount Holyoke College, the women's college functioned for more than 100 years until financial difficulties forced the Western College For Women into near bankruptcy. Through a partnership between Miami University and the Western College for Women, Miami agreed to purchase the Western College for Women and promised to preserve its unique character. It operated as the School of Interdisciplinary Studies for more than 30 years until 2006 when it ceased being a separate academic division. The Western Campus, its distinctive stone buildings and bridges providing a contrast to the red brick of the main campus, remains a part of Miami University.

[edit] Historic landmarks

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ North American University Endowment Figures
  2. ^ NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Teams
  3. ^ Business Profile Miami University, accessed June 29, 2007
  4. ^ UNF finds role model in university in Ohio, accessed July 6, 2007
  5. ^ Ohio statesmen Phillip Shriver, accessed 6 September 2006
  6. ^ Top Public National Universities. U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.
  7. ^ 2008 USN&WR Rankings. U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.
  8. ^ Undergrad Rankings. Business Week. Retrieved on 2008-3-14.
  9. ^ http://www.miami.muohio.edu/president/ Accessed 2008-04-06. Miami University Office of the President.
  10. ^ College of Arts & Science. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  11. ^ Undergraduate Program: Majors. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  12. ^ Prospective Students. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  13. ^ Building a Better Future. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  14. ^ SEAS: Undergraduate Degrees. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  15. ^ Capital Improvement Projects. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  16. ^ SEAS: Graduate Degrees. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  17. ^ About Us: School of Education, Health, and Society. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  18. ^ Majors, Minors, Degrees & Licensures. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  19. ^ About Us: School of Education, Health, and Society. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  20. ^ Miami University School of Fine Arts: Prospective Students. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  21. ^ (2006) The Miami Bulletin 06-08, 193. 
  22. ^ Miami University Undergraduate Admission: Fees and Financial Aid. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  23. ^ Miami University Graduate School: Fees and Financial Aid. Retrieved on 2008-04-06.
  24. ^ Havighurst, Walter (1984). The Miami Years: 1809-1984. Oxford Printing Company, 198. 
  25. ^ The Sounds of Miami. Retrieved on 2008-04-01.
  26. ^ (2007) The Miamian. 
  27. ^ Want to go to Harvard Law? The Wall Street Journal Classroom Edition. Accessed 21 July 2006.
  28. ^ Miami University News
  29. ^ [http://www2.edtrust.org/NR/rdonlyres/11B4283F-104E-4511-B0CA-1D3023231157/0/highered.pdf Education Trust Graduation Rate Model Institutions]
  30. ^ Undergrad Rankings, BusinessWeek Online. Accessed 21 July 2006.
  31. ^ Miami's Top Accounting Program
  32. ^ Forbes' List of the World's Richest People, 2003. Accessed 21 July 2006.
  33. ^ http://www.units.muohio.edu/saf/GRA/Facts-Statistics/all%20campus%20gpa_population%20history.pdf
  34. ^ Keep Western Whole. Accessed July 21, 2006.
  • Bert S. Barlow, W.H. Todhunter, Stephen D. Cone, Joseph J. Pater, and Frederick Schneider, eds. Centennial History of Butler County, Ohio. Hamilton, Ohio: B.F. Bowen, 1905.

[edit] External links

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