Malolos Congress
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The Malolos Congress was the constituent assembly of the First Philippine Republic. It drafted the Malolos Constitution.
Contents |
[edit] Political Constitution
Following the declaration of independence from Spain by the Revolutionary Government and the Philippine Malolos Congress election, 1898, a congress was held in Malolos, Bulacan in 1898-1899 to draw up a constitution for the First Philippine Republic. It was the first republican constitution in Asia. The document states that the people have exclusive sovereignty. It states basic civil rights, separated the church from the state, and called for the creation of an Assembly of Representatives which would act as the legislative body. It also calls for a Presidential form of government with the president elected for a term of four years by a majority of the Assembly.
[edit] Sessions
- Regular Session: September 15, 1898 – November 13, 1899
- Special Session: February 4, 1899
[edit] Legislation
[edit] Major legislation
| Legislation | Enactment | Ratification |
|---|---|---|
| Declaration of Independence[1] | June 12, 1898 | September 29, 1898 |
| Declaration of War against the United States[2] | June 2, 1899 | June 2, 1899 |
[edit] Malolos Constitution
| Malolos Constitution | Enactment | Ratification |
|---|---|---|
| Approval | September 15, 1898 | November 29, 1898 |
| Ratification | November 29, 1898 | January 21, 1899 |
[edit] Leadership
- President of the Revolutionary Government/First Philippine Republic:
- Prime Minister of the Revolutionary Government/First Philippine Republic:
-
- Apolinario M. Mabini
- Pedro A. Paterno elected on May 7, 1899
- President of the Assembly of Representatives:
[edit] Cabinet Members
- Minister of Finance:
-
- Mariano Trias y Closas
- Hugo Ilagan elected on May 7, 1899
- Minister of the Interior:
- Minister of War:
-
- Baldomero Aguinaldo y Baloy
- Mariano Trias y Closas elected on May 7, 1899
- Minister of Welfare:
-
- Gracio Gonzaga
- Minister of Foreign Affairs:
-
- Apolinario Mabini y Maranan
- Leon Ma. Guerrero elected on May 7, 1899
- Minister of Public Instruction:
-
- Aguedo Velarde
- Minister of Public Works and Communication:
-
- Maximo Paterno
- Minister of Public Works and Communication:
-
- Leon Ma. Guerrero
[edit] Members
List of congress members by province as of July 7, 1899.[3][4]
| Province | Elected | Appointed |
|---|---|---|
| Manila | 4 | 0 |
| Batangas | 4 | 0 |
| Bulacan | 4 | 0 |
| Cavite | 4 | 0 |
| Camarines | 4 | 0 |
| Ilocos Sur | 3 | 1 |
| Ilocos Norte | 6 | 0 |
| Laguna | 4 | 0 |
| Pampanga | 4 | 0 |
| Pangisinan | 2 | 2 |
| Iloilo | 0 | 4 |
| Cebu | 0 | 4 |
| Leyte | 0 | 4 |
| Albay | 4 | 1 |
| Cagayan | 1 | 2 |
| Bataan | 3 | 0 |
| Isabela | 2 | 1 |
| Union | 1 | 2 |
| Nueva Ecija | 3 | 0 |
| Tarlac | 3 | 0 |
| Zambales | 2 | 1 |
| Sorsogon | 0 | 3 |
| Negros Occidental | 0 | 3 |
| Negros Oriental | 0 | 3 |
| Samar | 0 | 3 |
| Capiz | 0 | 3 |
| Antigua | 0 | 3 |
| Bohol | 0 | 3 |
| Zamboanga | 0 | 3 |
| Mismis | 0 | 3 |
| Calamianes | 0 | 3 |
| Masbate | 0 | 3 |
| Mindoro | 1 | 2 |
| Morong | 2 | 0 |
| Lepanto | 3 | 0 |
| Batanes Islands | 1 | 1 |
| Nueva Vicaya | 1 | 1 |
| Abra | 1 | 0 |
| Padre Burgos (Benguet) | 1 | 2 |
| Catanduanes | 0 | 2 |
| Paragua | 0 | 2 |
| Totals | 68 | 68 |
| 136 | ||
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ The Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence
- ^ Pedro Paterno's Proclamation of War, MSC Schools, Philippines, June 2, 1899, <http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/pa990602.html>. Retrieved on 17 October 2007
- ^ Kalaw, Maximo M. (1927), The development of Philippine politics, Oriental commercial, p. 121, <http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=philamer;idno=AFJ2233.0001.001>. Retrieved on 22 March 2008 (citing Volume II, Galley 2 of Major J. R. M. Taylor's translation and compilation of captured insurgent records (Taylor 1907)
- ^ *War Department, Bureau of Insular Affairs (1907), “I. Telegraphic Correspondence of Emilio Aguinaldo, July 15, 1898 to February 28, 1899, Annotated”, in Taylor, John R.M., Compilation of Philippine Insurgent Records, Combined Arms Research Library, <http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/p4013coll11&CISOPTR=374&filename=374.pdf>. Retrieved on 10 March 2008
[edit] External links
- History of the Senate. Senate of the Philippines. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.
- The LAWPHi'L Project - Philippine Laws and Jurispudance Databank. Arellano Law Foundation. Retrieved on 2006-09-16.
[edit] Further reading
- Philippine House of Representatives Congressional Library
- The Presidents of the Senate of the Republic of the Philippines. ISBN 971-8832-24-6.
- Pobre, Cesar P.. Philippine Legislature 100 Years. ISBN 971-92245-0-9.
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