List of national mottos
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Many countries choose to include the national motto in the coat of arms. Here, the coat of arms of Antigua and Barbuda with the national motto, Each endeavouring, all achieving.
This page lists state and national mottos for the world's independent states. The mottos for some states lacking general international recognition and some extinct states are listed, but their names are not bolded.
A state motto is used to describe the intent or motivation of the state in a short phrase. For example, it can be included on a country's coat of arms, coins or banknotes. Some countries choose not to have a national motto.
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[edit] A
Algeria: بالشعب و للشعب (Arabic, By the people and for the people)[1]
Andorra: Virtus, Unita, Fortior (Latin, Virtue, Unity, Strength)[2]
Antigua and Barbuda: Each endeavouring, all achieving[3]
Argentina: En Unión y Libertad (Spanish, In Union and Liberty)[4]
Australia: none, formerly Advance Australia[5]
Austria: none. Formerly AEIOU, with one possible meaning being Austriae est imperare orbi universo (Latin, It is Austria's destiny to rule the world)
Austria-Hungary: Indivisibiliter ac Inseparabiliter (Latin, Indivisible and inseparable) [6]
Azerbaijan: none
[edit] B
Bahamas: Forward, Upward, Onward Together[7]
Bangladesh: none
Barbados: Pride and Industry[8]
Belarus: none
Belgium: Eendracht maakt macht, L'union fait la force and Einigkeit gibt Stärke (Dutch, French and German, Unity gives Strength)[9]
Belize: Sub umbra floreo (Latin, Under the shade I flourish)[10]
Benin: Fraternité, Justice, Travail (French, Fellowship, Justice, Labour)[11]
Bermuda: "Quo fata ferunt" (latin) wither the fates carry us
Bolivia: La Unión es la Fuerza (Spanish, Unity is Strength)[12]
Bosnia and Herzegovina: none
Botswana: Pula (Tswana, Rain)[13]
The national motto of Brazil, Ordem e progresso (Order and progress), is inscribed on the flag.
Brazil: Ordem e progresso (Portuguese, Order and progress)[14]
Brunei: Always in service with God's guidance[15]
Bulgaria: Съединението прави силата (Bulgarian, The Unity makes the strength)[16]
Burkina Faso: Unité, Progrès, Justice (French, Unity, Progress, Justice)[17]
Burundi: Unité, Travail, Progrès (French, Unity, Work, Progress)[18]
[edit] C
Cambodia: Nation, Religion, King[19]
Cameroon: Paix - Travail - Patrie (French, Peace, Work, Fatherland)[20]
Canada: A mari usque ad mare (Latin, From sea to sea)[21]
Central African Republic: Unité, Dignité, Travail (French, Unity, Dignity, Work)[22]
Chad: Unité, Travail, Progrès (French, Unity, Work, Progress)[23]
Chile: Por la razón o la fuerza (Spanish, By reason or by strength)[24]
Colombia: Libertad y orden (Spanish, Freedom and order)[25]
Comoros: Unité, Justice, Progrès (French, Unity, justice, progress)[26]
Confederate States of America: Deo Vindice (Latin, Under God, Our Vindicator)[27]
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Justice - Paix - Travail (French, Justice, Peace, Work)[28]
Republic of the Congo: Unité, Travail, Progrès (French, Unity, Work, Progress)[29]
Costa Rica: Vivan siempre el trabajo y la paz (Spanish, Long live work and peace)[citation needed]
Côte d'Ivoire: Union, Discipline, Travail (French, Unity, Discipline, Labor)[30]
Croatia:: Bog i Hrvati(Croatian, God and Croats)[citation needed]
- Vjera u Boga i hrvatska sloga (Croatian, Trust in God and croatian unity)[citation needed]
Cuba: Patria o muerte (Spanish, Homeland or death)[31]
Czech Republic: Pravda vítězí! (Czech, Truth prevails!)[32]
[edit] D
Denmark: None. Motto of Queen Margrethe II: Guds hjælp, Folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke (Danish, God's help, the love of the people, Denmark's strength)
Djibouti: Unity, Equality, Peace[33]
Dominica: Après le Bondie, C'est la Ter (French Patois, After the Good Lord, we love the Earth)[34]
Dominican Republic: Dios, Patria, Libertad (Spanish, God, Country, Liberty)[35]
[edit] E
East Timor: Honra, pátria e povo (Portuguese, Honour, homeland and people)[36]
Ecuador: Dios, patria y libertad (Spanish, God, homeland and liberty)[citation needed]
El Salvador: Dios, Unión, Libertad (Spanish, God, Union, Liberty)[37]
Equatorial Guinea: Unidad, Paz, Justicia (Spanish, Unity, Peace, Justice)[38]
Estonia: None
European Union: In varietate concordia (Latin for United in diversity, Unie dans la diversité, etc.Translated into the languages of the member states of the EU)[39]
The obverse of the French 1 euro coins displays the national motto, Liberté, égalité, fraternité (Liberty, equality, fraternity).
[edit] F
Fiji: Rerevaka na Kalou ka Doka na Tui (Fijian, Fear God and honour the Queen)[40]
Finland: none
France: Liberté, égalité, fraternité (French, Liberty, equality, brotherhood)[41]
[edit] G
Gabon: Union, Travail, Justice (French, Union, Work, Justice)[42]
Gambia: Progress, Peace, Prosperity[43]
Georgia: ძალა ერთობაშია! (Dzala ertobashia) (Georgian, Strength is in Unity)[44]
Germany: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit (German, Unity and Justice and Freedom)
Ghana: Freedom and Justice[45]
Greece:
- Ελευθερία ή θάνατος (transliterated as Eleutheria i thanatos) (Greek: Liberty or death, Freedom or Death)
- Ισχύς Μου Η Αγάπη Του Λαού (transliterated as Ischis Mou I Agapi Tou Laou) (Greek: My Power [is] the Love of the People), Royal Motto under the Glücksburg dynasty
- Patris, Thriskeia, Oikogeneia (Greek: Fatherland, Religion, Family) (during the Greek military junta of 1967-1974)
Grenada: Ever Conscious of God We Aspire, and Advance as One People[46]
Guatemala: Libre Crezca Fecundo (Spanish: Grow Free and Fertile)[47]
Guinea: Travail, Justice, Solidarité (French, Work, Justice, Solidarity)[48]
Guinea-Bissau: Unidade, Luta, Progresso (Portuguese, Unity, Struggle, Progress)[49]
Guyana: One people, one nation, one destiny[50]
[edit] H
Haiti: L'union fait la force (French, Unity makes strength)[51]
Holy See: none
Honduras: Libre, Soberana E Independiente(Spanish, Free, sovereign and independent)[52]
Hungary: none, formerly Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae (Latin, Kingdom of Mary, the Patron of Hungary)
[edit] I
Iceland: Með lögum skal land byggja (Upon law shall a country be built"
India: सत्यमेव जयते (Satyameva Jayate) (Sanskrit, Truth alone triumphs)[53]
Indonesia: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Old Javanese, Unity in diversity)[54]
Iran:
- de facto: Esteqlāl, āzādī, jomhūrī-ye eslāmī[55] (Persian, Independence, freedom, (the) Islamic Republic)
- de jure: Allaho Akbar (Arabic, God is Great)[56]
- The imperial motto, before the Islamic revolution, was Marā dād farmūd-o khod dāvar ast (Persian, Justice He bids me do, as He will judge me).[57]
Iraq: الله أكبر (Allahu Akbar) (Arabic, God is Great)[58]
Ireland: none
Israel: none
Italy: none
[edit] J
Jamaica: Out of many, one people[59]
Japan: none.
Jordan: الله الوطن المليك (Allah, Alwattan, Almaleek) God, country, sovereign
The motto of Kiribati, Te mauri, te raoi ao te tabomoa (Health, Peace and Prosperity), is shown on the coat of arms.
[edit] K
Kenya: Harambee (Swahili, Let's work together)[60]
Kiribati: Te mauri, te raoi ao te tabomoa (Kiribati, Health, Peace and Prosperity)[61]
North Korea: 강성대국 (强盛大國, Gang Seong Dae Guk) (Korean, Prosperous and great country)
South Korea: 홍익인간 (弘益人間, Hong Ik In Gan) (Korean, Benefit all mankind)
Kuwait: none
[edit] L
Laos: Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity[62]
Latvia: Tēvzemei un Brīvībai (Latvian, For Fatherland and Freedom)[citation needed]
Lesotho: Khotso, Pula, Nala (Sotho, Peace, Rain, Prosperity)[63]
Lebanon: All for our nation
Liberia: The love of liberty brought us here[64]
Liechtenstein: Für Gott, Fürst und Vaterland (German, For God, Prince and Fatherland)[citation needed]
Lithuania: Tautos jėga vienybėje (Lithuanian, The strength of the nation lies in unity)
Luxembourg: Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn (Luxembourgish, We wish to remain what we are)[65]
[edit] M
Macedonia: Слобода или Смрт (Sloboda ili Smrt)- Freedom or Death[citation needed]
Madagascar: Tanindrazana, Fahafahana, Fandrosoana (Malagasy, Ancestral-land, Liberty, Progress)[66]
Malawi: Unity and Freedom[67]
Malaysia: Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu (Malay, Unity is Strength)[68]
Mali: Un peuple, un but, une foi (French, One people, one goal, one faith)[69]
Mauritania: شرف إخاء ع or Honneur, Fraternité, Justice (Arabic and French, Honor, Fraternity, Justice)[70]
Mauritius: Stella Clavisque Maris Indici (Latin, Star and key of the Indian Ocean)[71]
Mexico: None
Monaco: Deo juvante (Latin, With God's help)[72]
Montenegro: Čojstvo i junaštvo / Чојство и јунаштво (Serbian, Manliness and heroism )[citation needed]
Morocco: الله، الوطن، الملك (Arabic, God, the Country, the King)[73]
[edit] N
Namibia: Unity, liberty, justice[74]
Nauru: God's will first[75]
Nepal: जननी जन्मभूमिष्च स्वर्गादपि गरियसि (Sanskrit, Mother and motherland are greater than heaven)[76]
Netherlands: Je maintiendrai, Ik zal handhaven (French, Dutch I will stand fast)[77]
New Zealand: none[78]
Nicaragua: En Dios Confiamos (Spanish, In god we trust)[79]
Niger: Fraternité, Travail, Progrès (French, Fraternity, Work, Progress)[80]
Nigeria: Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress[81]
Norway: none Royal motto: Alt for Norge (Norwegian, Everything for Norway)
[edit] O
Oman: none
[edit] P
The coat of arms of Panama displays the national motto, Pro mundi beneficio (Latin for For the benefit of the world).
Pakistan: Ittihad, Yaqeen-mukkam, Nizam (Urdu, Unity, Faith, Discipline)[82]
Panama: Pro mundi beneficio (Latin, For the benefit of the world)[83]
Papua New Guinea: Unity in Diversity[citation needed]
Paraguay: Paz y justicia (Spanish, Peace and justice)[84]
Philippines: Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa (Tagalog, For God, People, Nature and Country)[85]
- Former: Isang bansa, isang diwa (Tagalog, One nation, one spirit)
Poland: no official motto (see Unofficial mottos of Poland).
Portugal: none
[edit] Q
Qatar: none
[edit] R
- Roman Republic and Roman Empire: Senatus Populusque Romanus (Latin, The Senate and people of Rome, often abbreviated SPQR)
Romania: none; formerly Nihil Sine Deo (Latin, Nothing without God)
Rwanda: Unity, Work, Patriotism[86]
[edit] S
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: حرية ديمقراطية وحدة (Hassānīya Arabic, Liberty, Democracy, Unity)[87]
Saint Kitts and Nevis: Country Above Self[88]
Saint Lucia: The land, the people, the light[89]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Pax et justitia (Latin, Peace and justice)[90]
Samoa: Fa'avae i le Atua Samoa (Samoan, God be the Foundation of Samoa)[91]
San Marino: Libertas (Latin, Liberty)[92]
Saudi Arabia: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله (lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadu-r-rasūlu-llāhi) (Arabic, (from the shahada) There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet)[93]
Senegal: Un peuple, un but, une foi (French, One people, one goal, one faith)[94]
Serbia: Само Слога Србина Спашава (Serbian), "Only Unity Saves the Serbs"
Seychelles: Finis coronat opus (Latin, The end crowns the work)[95]
Sierra Leone: Unity, freedom, justice[96]
Singapore: Majulah Singapura (Malay, Onward Singapore)[97]
Slovakia: Afferant Montes Pacem Populo (Latin, May mountains bring people peace)
Slovenia: none
Solomon Islands: To lead is to serve[98]
South Africa: !ke e: /xarra //ke (/Xam, Diverse people unite or Unity in Diversity)[99]
- Former: Ex Unitate Vires (Latin, From unity, strength, from 1910-2000)
Soviet Union: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Russian, Proletarians of all countries, unite!)
Spain: Plus Ultra (Latin, Further beyond)[100]
- Former: Una, grande y libre (Spanish, One, great and free, during Spanish State)[100]
Sudan: النصر لن (Al-Nasr Lana: Arabic, Victory is Ours)[101]
Suriname: Justitia, pietas, fides (Latin, Justice, piety, loyalty)[102]
Swaziland: Siyinqaba (Swati, We are the fortress)[103]
Sweden: royal motto: För Sverige - i tiden (Swedish, For Sweden - With the times) (See all royal mottos)
Switzerland: Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno (Latin: One for all, all for one...(traditional, but not official))
Syria: Wahdah, Hourriah, Ishtirakiah (Arabic, Unity, Freedom, Socialism) Ba'th Party motto
The coat of arms of Tuvalu displays the national motto, Tuvalu mo te Atua (Tuvalu for the Almighty).
[edit] T
Tanzania: Uhuru na Umoja (Swahili, Freedom and Unity)[104]
Thailand: ชาติ ศาสนา พระมหากษัตริย์ (Thai, Nation, Religion, King)
Togo: Travail, Liberté, Patrie (French, Work, liberty, homeland)[105]
Tonga: Ko e ʻOtua mo Tonga ko hoku tofiʻa (Tongan, God and Tonga are my Inheritance)[106]
Trinidad and Tobago: Together we aspire, together we achieve[107]
Tunisia: Order, Freedom, and Justice[108]
Turkey: Egemenlik kayıtsız şartsız milletindir. (Turkish, Sovereignty rests unconditionally with the nation)[109]
and Yurtta sulh, cihanda sulh. (Turkish, Peace in the homeland, peace in the world.)[110]
Tuvalu: Tuvalu mo te Atua (Tuvaluan, Tuvalu for the Almighty)[111]
[edit] U
Uganda: For God and My Country[112]
Ukraine: none
United Kingdom: Dieu et mon droit (French, God and my right, Royal motto)[113]
The national motto of the United States is In God we trust, as shown on the reverse of the United States one-dollar bill.
United States: In God We Trust (official) and E pluribus unum (Latin, Out of many, one) (de-facto)
- See also list of U.S. state mottos
Uruguay: Libertad o Muerte (Spanish, "Liberty or Death")[114]
[edit] V
Vanuatu: Long God yumi stanap (Bislama, Let us stand firm in God)[115]
Venezuela: Dios y Federación (Spanish, God and Federation)
Vietnam: Ðộc lập, tự do, hạnh phúc (Vietnamese, Independence, Liberty and Happiness)
[edit] Y
Yemen: None
Yugoslavia: Bratstvo i jedinstvo (Brotherhood and unity)
[edit] Z
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[edit] References
- ^ Constitution of Algeria. Retrieved on 2006-08-03.(Arabic)
- ^ Constitution de la Principauté d'Andorre. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.(French)
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - Antigua and Barbada. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ As shown on the back of coins; see for instance this photo of a 1992 25 centavos coin.
- ^ As shown on the 1908 coat of arms of Australia
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms.
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - The Bahamas. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - Barbados. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs Belgium
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - Belize. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ La Constitution de la République du Bénin. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ As shown on the coins; see for example Banco Central de Bolivia : Moneda de 10 Centavos. Retrieved on 2006-08-04.(Spanish)
- ^ As shown on the Coat of arms of Botswana.
- ^ http://www.brasilemb.org/profile_brazil/brasil_ejournal_maxwell.shtml
- ^ The Government of Brunei Darussalam - National Flag and Crest. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
- ^ About Bulgaria: National Symbols - Flag, coat of arms, anthem. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
- ^ Présidence du Burkina Faso - Les armoiries. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.(French)
- ^ Article 7 of Constitution de la République du Burundi (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-08-05.(French)
- ^ Constitution of Cambodia. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
- ^ La Constitution du Cameroun (French). Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
- ^ The Canada Encyclopedia: A Mari usque ad Mare. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
- ^ Constitution de Centrafrique (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-08-08.(French)
- ^ Constitution de la République du Tchad 1996. Retrieved on 2006-08-08.(French)
- ^ As shown on the Coat of arms of Chile.
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms of Colombia.
- ^ As shown on the Coat of arms of Comoros.
- ^ As shown on the seal of the Confederate States of America.
- ^ Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo. Retrieved on 2006-08-08.(French)
- ^ Constitution de la République du Congo. Retrieved on 2006-08-08.(French)
- ^ La Constitutioni de la République de Côte d'Ivoire. Retrieved on 2006-08-08.(French)
- ^ As shown on the obverse of the coins; see this photo of a 1992 coin. Retrieved on 2006-09-26.
- ^ As shown on the Flag of the president of the Czech Republic
- ^ Constitution de la République de Djibouti. Retrieved on 2006-08-08.(French)
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - Dominica. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Article 93 of Constitución politica de la Republica Domenica de 2002. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.(Spanish)
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms.
- ^ Casa Presidencial - Bandera Nacional de El Salvador. Retrieved on 2006-08-14.(Spanish)
- ^ Constitution of Equatorial Guinea. Retrieved on 2006-08-15.
- ^ Europa - The symbols of EU. Retrieved on 2006-08-15.
- ^ National Symbols ) Fiji Government Online. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Embassy of France in the U.S. - Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood
- ^ Constitution de la République Gabonaise. Retrieved on 2008-01-19.
- ^ Seatle Gambia Association - Coat of Arms of The Gambia. Retrieved on 2006-08-15.
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms of Georgia
- ^ Republic of Ghana: The Ghana Coat of Arms. Retrieved on 2006-08-16.
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - Grenada. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Banco de Guatemala - Bills and Currency in Current Circulation. Retrieved on 2008-03-11.
- ^ OIF - Guinée : Loi fondamentale. Retrieved on 2006-08-22.(French)
- ^ Article 21 of Constitution de la Guinée-Bissau. Retrieved on 2006-08-22.(French)
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - Guyana. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - Haiti. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Secretaría General del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana - República de Honduras - Simbolos Patrios. Retrieved on 2006-08-22.(Spanish)
- ^ National Portal of India : Know India : National Symbols. Retrieved on 2006-08-22.
- ^ Article 36A of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
- ^ Encyclopedia of Religious Practices
- ^ Article 18 of the constitution states that "The Official Flag of Iran is composed of green, white, and red colors, with the special emblem of the Islamic Republic, together with the State Motto."
- ^ Iranian Empire (Pahlavi dynasty): Imperial standards. Retrieved on 2007-05-03.
- ^ As shown on the flag of Iraq.
- ^ Independence
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms of Kenya
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms of Kiribati
- ^ Laos - Foreign Investment Management Cabinet: Politics. Retrieved on 2006-08-22.
- ^ Lesotho Embassy in Washington - Lesotho Fact Sheet. Retrieved on 2006-08-22.
- ^ Liberian President Sirleaf Addresses Joint Session of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-08-22.
- ^ Luxembourg Tourist Office in London: Luxembourg - Small and Beautiful. Retrieved on 2006-08-22.
- ^ Article 4 of Constitution de la République de Madagascar. Retrieved on 2006-08-22.(French)
- ^ As shown on the Malawi coat of arms
- ^ Government of Malaysia - Malaysian flag and crest. Retrieved on 2006-08-23.
- ^ Article 25 of La constitution du Mali. Retrieved on 2006-08-26.(French)
- ^ Article 9 of Constitution de la Republique islamique de Mauritanie. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.(French)
- ^ The Republic of Mauritius Web Portal - Coat of Arms. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
- ^ Monaco en un clin d'œil!. Retrieved on 2006-08-03. (French)
- ^ Gouvernement Du Royaume Du Maroc: Monarchy
- ^ Namibia in a Nutshell - Symbols. Retrieved on 2006-08-23.
- ^ As shown on the Coat of arms of Nauru
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms of Nepal.
- ^ The Dutch royal house: The royal coat of arms. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ [[cite web|url=http://www.mch.govt.nz/about/faq.html|accessdate=2008-03-11|New Zealand Ministry for Culture and heritage - FAQ}}
- ^ As shown on the Córdoba (bank notes and coins); see for example Banco Central de Nicaragua
- ^ Constitution du 18 juillet 1999. Retrieved on 2006-08-23.(French)
- ^ Article 15 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Retrieved on 2006-08-23.
- ^ Information of Pakistan: Basic Facts. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ As shown on the Coat of arms of Panama
- ^ Consulado General de la República del Paraguay. Retrieved on 2006-08-26.(Spanish)
- ^ Section 40 of Republic Act No. 8491: An act prescribing the code of the national flag, anthem, motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices of the Philippines (DOC). Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
- ^ Article 6 of Constitution de la République du Rwanda. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.(French)
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms of the SADR
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - St. Kitts and Nevis. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - Saint Lucia. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Government of Samoa - Crest. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
- ^ As shown on the Coat of arms of San Marino
- ^ As shown on the flag of Saudi Arabia.
- ^ Gouvernement du Sénégal - La Constitution : Titre Premier. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
- ^ As shown on the Coat of arms of Seychelles
- ^ National Constitution of Sierra Leone. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ As shown on the Coat of arms of Singapore
- ^ As shown on the Coat of arms of Solomon Islands
- ^ Embassy of the Republic of South Africa in Washington D.C. - South Africa's Coat of Arms. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
- ^ a b Spain: Symbols - The national coat of arms. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
- ^ As shown on the Coat of arms of Sudan
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - Suriname. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Swaziland National Trust Commission - General Swaziland Information: Social. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
- ^ Tanzania National website: Country profile. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ La constitution togolaise. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.(French)
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms of Tonga
- ^ Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat - Trinidad and Tobago. Retrieved on 2006-08-02.
- ^ Site du gouvernement tunisien - Armoiries. Retrieved on 2006-08-23.(French)
- ^ Presidency of the Republic of Turkey. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Wikipedia, Turkey. Retrieved on 2007-02-09.
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms of Tuvalu
- ^ Delegation of the European Commission to Uganda. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
- ^ royal.gov.uk - Coats of arms. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
- ^ Discover Uruguay. Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
- ^ United Nations Human Rights Website - Core Document Forming Part of the State Parties - Vanuatu. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms of Zambia
- ^ As shown on the coat of arms of Zimbabwe

