Jyutping

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Jyutping
Traditional Chinese: 粵拼
Simplified Chinese: 粤拼

Jyutping (sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993. Its formal name is The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme. The LSHK promotes the use of this romanization system.

The name Jyutping is a contraction consisting of the first Chinese characters of the terms jyut jyu (粵語, meaning "Cantonese") and ping jam (拼音 "phonetic alphabet").

Chinese romanization
Mandarin for Standard Mandarin
    Hanyu Pinyin (ISO standard)
    EFEO
    Gwoyeu Romatzyh
        Spelling conventions
    Latinxua Sin Wenz
    Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
    Chinese Postal Map Romanization
    Tongyong Pinyin
    Wade-Giles
    Yale
    Legge romanization
    Simplified Wade
    Comparison chart
Cantonese for Standard Cantonese
    Guangdong Romanization
    Hong Kong Government
    Jyutping
    Meyer-Wempe
    Sidney Lau
    S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols)
    S. L. Wong (romanisation)
    Standard Cantonese Pinyin
    Standard Romanization
    Yale
    Barnett-Chao
Wu
    Long-short (romanization)
Min Nan
for Taiwanese, Amoy, and related
    Pe̍h-oē-jī
For Hainanese
    Hainanhua Pinyin Fang'an
For Teochew
    Peng'im
Min Dong for Fuzhou dialect
    Foochow Romanized
Hakka for Moiyan dialect
    Kejiahua Pinyin Fang'an
For Siyen dialect
    Phak-fa-sṳ
See also:
   General Chinese (Chao Yuenren)
   Cyrillization
   Xiao'erjing
   Zhuyin
   Romanisation in Singapore
   Romanisation in Taiwan
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Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See Help:IPA for a pronunciation key.

Note that the "j" used by this romanization system is the "j" used by IPA, which is equivalent to the "y" used by English speakers or most Chinese romanization systems.

Jyutping input method is the only Cantonese input method available in Microsoft's Vista products.

Contents

[edit] Initials

b
/p/
巴		 p
/pʰ/
怕		 m
/m/
媽		 f
/f/
花
d
/t/
打		 t
/tʰ/
他		 n
/n/
那		 l
/l/
啦
g
/k/
家		 k
/kʰ/
卡		 ng
/ŋ/
牙		 h
/h/
蝦
gw
/kʷ/
瓜		 kw
/kʷʰ/
誇		 w
/w/
蛙		  
z
/ts/
渣		 c
/tsʰ/
叉		 s
/s/
沙		 j
/j/
也

[edit] Finals

aa
/aː/
沙		 aai
/aːi/
徙		 aau
/aːu/
梢		 aam
/aːm/
三		 aan
/aːn/
山		 aang
/aːŋ/
坑		 aap
/aːp/
圾		 aat
/aːt/
剎		 aak
/aːk/
客
  ai
/ɐi/
西		 au
/ɐu/
收		 am
/ɐm/
心		 an
/ɐn/
新		 ang
/ɐŋ/
笙		 ap
/ɐp/
濕		 at
/ɐt/
失		 ak
/ɐk/
塞
e
/ɛː/
些		 ei
/ei/
四		 eu
/ɛːu/
掉[1]		 em
/ɛːm/
舐[2]		   eng
/ɛːŋ/
鄭		 ep
/ɛːp/
夾[3]		   ek
/ɛːk/
石
i
/iː/
詩		   iu
/iːu/
消		 im
/iːm/
閃		 in
/iːn/
先		 ing
/ɪŋ/
星		 ip
/iːp/
攝		 it
/iːt/
洩		 ik
/ɪk/
識
o
/ɔː/
疏		 oi
/ɔːi/
開		 ou
/ou/
蘇		   on
/ɔːn/
看		 ong
/ɔːŋ/
桑		   ot
/ɔːt/
喝		 ok
/ɔːk/
索
u
/uː/
夫		 ui
/uːi/
灰		     un
/uːn/
寬		 ung
/ʊŋ/
鬆		   ut
/uːt/
闊		 uk
/ʊk/
叔
oe
/œː/
鋸		         oeng
/œːŋ/
商		     oek
/œːk/
削
  eoi
/ɵy/
需		     eon
/ɵn/
詢		     eot
/ɵt/
摔		  
yu
/yː/
書		       yun
/yːn/
孫		     yut
/yːt/
雪		  
      m
/m̩/
唔		   ng
/ŋ̩/
吳		      
  • The finals m and ng can only be used as standalone nasal syllables.
  • ^ ^ ^  Referring to the colloquial pronunciation of these words.

[edit] Tones

There are nine tones in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese. However, as three of the nine are Ru tones (入聲), which only appear in syllables ending with p, t, and k, they do not have separate tone numbers in Jyutping (though they do in Yale; these are shown in parentheses in table below).

Tone name Yīn Píng
(陰平)		 Yīn Shàng
(陰上)		 Yīn Qù
(陰去)		 Yáng Píng
(陽平)		 Yáng Shàng
(陽上)		 Yáng Qù
(陽去)		 Yīn Rù
(陰入)		 Zhōng Rù
(中入)		 Yáng Rù
(陽入)
Tone Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 (7) 3 (8) 6 (9)
Tone name in English high level or high falling mid rising mid level low falling low rising low level entering high level entering mid level entering low level
Contour 55 / 53 35 33 22 / 21 13 22 5 3 2
Character Example 分 粉 訓 焚 奮 份 忽 發 佛
Example fan1 fan2 fan3 fan4 fan5 fan6 fat1 faat3 fat6

[edit] Comparison with Yale Romanization

Jyutping and the Yale romanization system represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:

  • The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, w.
  • The vowel: aa (except when using alone), a, e, i, o, u,yu.
  • The nasal consonant: m, ng.
  • The coda: i, u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.

But they have difference with the following exceptions:

  • The vowels eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping, while the eu represents both vowels in Yale.
  • The initial j represents /j/ in Jyutping while y is used instead in Yale.
  • The initial z represents /ts/ in Jyutping while j is used instead in Yale.
  • The initial c represents /tsʰ/ in Jyutping while ch is used instead in Yale.
  • In Jyutping, if no consonant precedes the vowel yu, then the initial j is appended before the vowel. In Yale, the corresponding initial y is never appended before yu under any circumstances.
  • Jyutping defines three finals not in Yale: eu /ɛːu/, em /ɛːm/, and ep /ɛːp/. These three finals are used in colloquial Cantonese words, such as deu6 (掉), lem2 (舐), and gep6 (夾).
  • To represent tones, only tone numbers are used in Jyutping while Yale originally uses tone marks together with the letter h (though tone numbers can be used in Yale as well).

[edit] Comparison with Standard Cantonese Pinyin

Jyutping and the Standard Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:

  • The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, j, w.
  • The vowel: aa, a, e, i, o, u.
  • The nasal consonant: m, ng.
  • The coda: i (except of being the coda /y/ in Jyutping), u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.

But they have some differences:

  • The vowels oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while the eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping.
  • The vowel y represent /y/ in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while both yu (use in nucleus) and i (use in coda) is used in Jyutping.
  • The initial dz represents /ts/ in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while z is used instead in Jyutping.
  • The initial ts represents /tsʰ/ in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while c is used instead in Jyutping.
  • To represent tone, numbers 1 to 9 are usually used in Standard Cantonese Pinyin (as in Yale), though substituting 1, 3, and 6 for 7, 8, and 9 is acceptable. However, only numbers 1 to 6 are used in Jyutping.

[edit] Examples

Traditional Simplified Romanization
廣州話 广州话 gwong2 zau1 waa2
粵語 粤语 jyut6 jyu5
你好 你好 nei5 hou2

Try to write an old Chinese poem:

春曉　　孟浩然 Ceon1 Hiu2　　Maang6 Hou6jin4
春眠不覺曉， Ceon1 min4 bat1 gok3 hiu2,
處處聞啼鳥。 cyu3 cyu3 man4 tai4 niu5.
夜來風雨聲， Je6 loi4 fung1 jyu5 sing1,
花落知多少？ faa1 lok6 zi1 do1 siu2?

[edit] Jyutping input method

The Jyutping method (traditional Chinese: 粵拼輸入法) refers to a family of input methods based on the Jyutping romanization system.

The Jyutping method allows a user to input Chinese characters by entering the jyutping of a Chinese character (with or without tone, depending on the system) and then presenting the user with a list of possible characters with that pronunciation.

[edit] List of Cantonese phonetic methods

[edit] External links