Jubilee line

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Jubilee
Colour on map	Grey
Year opened	1979
Line type	Deep Level
Rolling stock	1996 Tube Stock
Stations served	27
Length (km)	36.2
Length (miles)	22.5
Depots	Neasden, Stratford Market[1]
Journeys made	127,584,000 (per annum)
Rail lines of Transport for London
London Underground lines   Bakerloo   Central   Circle   District   Hammersmith & City   Jubilee   Metropolitan   Northern   Piccadilly   Victoria   Waterloo & City Other lines   Docklands Light Railway   Tramlink   Overground
London Transport Portal

The Jubilee line is a line on the London Underground ("the Tube"), in the United Kingdom. It was built in two major sections - initially to Charing Cross in Central London, and later extended in 1999 to Stratford in East London. The later stations are generally notable for their exceptional size and safety features (both being attempts to future-proof the line). Out of 27 stations served, 13 are below ground. It is the sixth busiest line on the network.^{[citation needed]}

The Jubilee line is coloured silver/grey on the Tube map.

Contents 1 Up to 1939 2 1939 to 1979 3 1979 to 1999 4 The 2005 upgrade 5 Rolling stock 6 Future 7 Map 8 Stations 9 Gallery 10 References 11 External links

[edit] Up to 1939

The Metropolitan main line had been extended from Wembley Park to Stanmore, opening in 1932. The line, as with many others in the north-west London area, was designed to absorb commuter traffic from the new and rapidly expanding suburbs. The line presented the Metropolitan with a problem — so successful was the suburban traffic that by the early 1930s, the lines into Baker Street were becoming overloaded, a problem which was exacerbated by the post-war flight from the City to the West End.

The solution presented was an extension of the Bakerloo line, north from Baker Street to serve St. John's Wood and Swiss Cottage, thereby rendering the existing stations (Lords, Marlborough Road and Swiss Cottage) on the parallel route, redundant. The line would rise between the Metropolitan tracks at Finchley Road, providing cross-platform interchange with the Metropolitan line. Continuing north to Wembley Park, the Bakerloo was to provide intermediate service on the Metropolitan line, allowing Metropolian Line trains to run Wembley Park to Finchley Road non-stop, cutting seven minutes from journey times. At Wembley Park, the Bakerloo would run on to serve Kingsbury, Queensbury, Canons Park and Stanmore. The Bakerloo extension, built as above, opened in 1939.

[edit] 1939 to 1979

Original Jubilee Line plans
Legend Stanmore Canons Park Queensbury Kingsbury Wembley Park Neasden Dollis Hill Willesden Green Kilburn West Hampstead Finchley Road Swiss Cottage St. John's Wood Baker Street Bond Street Green Park Charing Cross Aldwych Ludgate Circus Cannon Street Fenchurch Street Surrey Docks (Surrey Quays) New Cross Gate New Cross Lewisham

The immediately pre- and post-war planning for the Tube network considered a series of new routes. The main results of this study concerned two major routes: the south to north-east "line C" (later constructed as the Victoria line) and lines 3 and 4, new cross-town routes, linking the north-east suburbs to Fenchurch Street, Wapping and variously Lewisham and Hayes.

The Fleet Line was mentioned in a 1965 Times article, discussing options after the Victoria line had been completed — suggesting that the Fleet Line could take a Baker Street-Bond Street-Trafalgar Square-Strand-Fleet Street-Ludgate Circus-Cannon Street route, then proceeding into south-east London. ^[2]

Line C opened as the Victoria line, in stages, between 1968 and 1972. Work on the north-east - south-west route continued.

In 1972 construction began on the new 'Fleet line'. Economic pressures, and doubt over the final destination of the line, had led to a staged approach. Under the first stage, the Baker Street to Stanmore branch of the Bakerloo Line was joined at Baker Street to a new 2.5-mile (4 km) segment into central London, with intermediate stops at Bond Street and Green Park and terminating at a new station at Charing Cross, thereby relieving pressure on the West End section of the Bakerloo Line between Baker Street and Charing Cross and also allowing increased frequencies on the section north of Baker Street.

The new tube was to offer cross-platform interchange between the Bakerloo and Fleet at Baker Street, as pioneered on the Victoria line. The work was completed in 1979. As part of the works, Trafalgar Square (Bakerloo) and Strand (Northern) stations were combined into a single station complex, Charing Cross. The existing Charing Cross station on the sub-surface District and Circle lines was renamed Embankment.

The new line was to have been called the Fleet line^[3] after the River Fleet, but the project was renamed as the Jubilee Line for Queen Elizabeth II's 1977 Silver Jubilee following a pledge made by the Conservatives in the Greater London Council election of 1977. The original choice of battleship grey for the line's colour was based on the naval meaning of the word fleet; this became a lighter grey, representing the silver colour of the Jubilee itself.

The previous Charing Cross station, on the Circle, District, Bakerloo and Northern lines, was renamed Embankment. The new Charing Cross tube station created a new interchange, amalgamating the stations of Strand on the Northern line and Trafalgar Square on the Bakerloo.

The line was officially opened by the Prince of Wales on 30 April 1979, with passenger services operating from 1 May 1979,^[4][5]

[edit] 1979 to 1999

The Jubilee line of 1979 was to be the first phase of the project, but lack of funds meant that no further progress was made until the late 1990s. Phase 2 would have extended the line along Fleet Street to stations at Aldwych, Ludgate Circus, Cannon Street, Fenchurch Street, St Katharine Docks, Wapping and then under the River Thames to New Cross, terminating at Lewisham with the possibility of taking over the National Rail services to Hayes (Kent). An alternative plan was devised in the late 1970s to extend the Jubilee line parallel to the River Thames: this would have taken the line from Wapping to Thamesmead via Surrey Docks North, Canary Wharf, North Greenwich, Custom House, Silvertown, Woolwich Arsenal and to Thamesmead. However the 'River Line' extension, as it was called, was deemed too expensive and construction of the extension never proceeded.

Changes in land use, particularly the urban renewal of the Docklands area, caused the project to extend the line beyond Charing Cross to change considerably in the 1990s. The Jubilee Line Extension, opened in three stages in 1999, split from the existing line at Green Park, creating a one-station branch to Charing Cross, which is now closed (although it is still maintained for reversing trains at times of disruption, and for occasional use as a film set). The line extends as far as Stratford, with ten intermediate stations. With the extension in place, the Jubilee line became the only line on the London Underground network that has interchanges with all other lines; it was joined in this distinction by the Central line when the East London line closed for transfer to London Overground.

[edit] The 2005 upgrade

The Jubilee line closed for a scheduled five-day period starting on 26 December 2005 in order to add an extra carriage to each of the six-car trains. The line had to be closed while this work was done as six and seven car trains could not run in service at the same time because the platform edge doors at Jubilee Line Extension stations could not cater for both train lengths simultaneously. Additionally, an extra four complete trains were added to the fleet, bringing the total to 63. The result is a 17% increase in capacity at peak times, allowing 6,000 more passengers per day to use Jubilee Line services. The signalling system was also upgraded. Work was completed and the line reopened two days ahead of schedule, on 29 December 2005.

[edit] Rolling stock

When the Jubilee line was opened, it was operated by 1972 stock. In 1984 this was partially replaced by the new 1983 Stock, the displaced 1972 Stock being transferred to the Bakerloo line. The 1983 Stock proved to be unreliable and troublesome in service,^{[citation needed]} with single-leaf doors making passenger loading and unloading a slower process than on other stock with wider door openings. With the construction of the Jubilee line Extension, the opportunity was taken to introduce new trains, and today the line is worked by 1996 stock, which is similar to the 1995 Stock in use on the Northern line. The new stock has internal displays and automated announcements to provide passengers with information on the train's route - at first they simply listed the destination of the train, and subsequently also listing the name of the next station and interchanges there. Subsequent modifications also made the text scroll across the internal display instead of just appear in it.

[edit] Future

The line is scheduled to switch to automatic train operation in 2009, using the SelTrac system currently on in use on the Docklands Light Railway.^[6] Equipment installation and testing for this began in late 2006.

The line was constructed to enable a branch extension to be built eastwards from North Greenwich to Thamesmead. At present there are no plans to construct this branch route.

[edit] Map

The TFL line diagram is available online.

[edit] Stations

Jubilee Line

Legend Stanmore Stanmore sidings Canons Park Queensbury Kingsbury Wembley Park Neasden Dollis Hill Willesden Green Kilburn West Hampstead Finchley Road Swiss Cottage St. John's Wood Baker Street Bond Street Green Park Green Park Junction Charing Cross (Closed 1999) Line ends short of Aldwych Westminster River Thames Waterloo Southwark ( Waterloo East) London Bridge Bermondsey Canada Water River Thames Canary Wharf River Thames North Greenwich for The O2 River Thames Canning Town West Ham Stratford Market Depot Stratford

Surface section

• Terminus: Stanmore opened December 10, 1932.
• Canons Park, opened December 10, 1932 (as Canons Park (Edgware)); renamed 1933.
• Queensbury, opened December 16, 1934.
• Kingsbury, opened December 10, 1932.
• Wembley Park , opened October 14, 1893.
• Neasden, opened August 2, 1880.
• Dollis Hill, opened October 1, 1909.
• Willesden Green, opened November 24, 1879.
• Kilburn opened November 24, 1879 (as Kilburn & Brondesbury); renamed September 25, 1950.
• West Hampstead , opened June 30, 1879.
• Finchley Road, opened June 30, 1879.

Tunnel section

• Swiss Cottage, opened November 20, 1939.
• St. John's Wood, opened November 20, 1939.
• Baker Street, opened May 1, 1979.
• Bond Street, opened May 1, 1979.
• Green Park, opened May 1, 1979.
• Charing Cross (former terminus), opened May 1, 1979; closed November 19, 1999
• Westminster opened December 22, 1999.
• Waterloo opened September 24, 1999.
• Southwark ( Waterloo East) opened November 20, 1999.
• London Bridge ( Trains to Gatwick) opened October 7, 1999.
• Bermondsey opened September 17, 1999.
• Canada Water opened September 17, 1999.
• Canary Wharf opened September 17, 1999.
• North Greenwich opened May 14, 1999.

Surface section

• Canning Town opened May 14, 1999.
• West Ham opened May 14, 1999.
• Terminus: Stratford opened May 14, 1999.

[edit] Gallery

Inside a 1996 Stock train on the Jubilee line.

1996 tube stock units stable at Stratford Market Depot.

A Jubilee line train calls at Canary Wharf station.

The ticket hall of Canary Wharf station.

Additional images are available from the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) case studies for the stations at Canary Wharf^[7], North Greenwich^[8], Southwark^[9], and Stratford^[10].

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• London Transport Museum Photographic Archive
  • Official opening of Jubilee Line
• Jubilee line, London Underground website
• Clive's UndergrounD Line Guides - Jubilee line
• London Review of Books piece, 20 January 2000
• Jubilee line extension photo gallery

West:	Crossings of the River Thames	East:
Westminster Bridge	Between Westminster and Waterloo	Bakerloo Line between Embankment and Waterloo
Rotherhithe Tunnel	Between Canada Water and Canary Wharf	Greenwich foot tunnel
Docklands Light Railway between Island Gardens and Cutty Sark	Between Canary Wharf and North Greenwich	Blackwall Tunnels
Blackwall Tunnels	Between North Greenwich and Canning Town	Thames Barrier