Jayne Mansfield in popular culture

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Main article: Jayne Mansfield

Actress, singer, Playboy Playmate and stage show performer Jayne Mansfield, despite her limited success in Hollywood, had an enormous impact on popular culture of the late 1950s, and has remained a popular subject in popular culture ever since. During a period between 1956 and 1957, there were about 122,000 lines of copy and 2500 photographs that appeared in newspapers.[1] Dennis Russel, in an article on her in the St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture (1999), said that "Although many people have never seen her movies, Jayne Mansfield remains, long after her death, one of the most recognizable icons of 1950s celebrity culture."[1] In the 2004 novel Child of My Heart by Alice McDermott, a National Book Award winning writer, the 1950s is referred to as "in those Marilyn Monroe/Jayne Mansfield days".[2] R. L. Rutsky[3] and Bill Osgerby[4] has claimed that it was Mansfield along with Marilyn Monroe and Brigitte Bardot who made the bikini popular. M. Thomas Inge describes Mansfield, Monroe and Jane Russell as personification of the bad girl in popular culture, as opposed to Doris Day, Debbie Reynolds, Natalie Wood personifying the good girl.[5] Mansfield, Monroe and Barbara Windsor has been described as representations of a historical juncture of sexuality in comedy and popular culture.[6] Evangelist Billy Graham once said, "This country knows more about Jayne Mansfield's statistics than the Second Commandment."[1] As late as the mid-1980s she remained one of the biggest TV draws.[7] As an indication of her impact on popular culture today, more than two generations later, there are numerous cultural references to the Hollywood sex symbol and Playboy Playmate in recent films, books, TV and music, as exemplified in the following references.

Contents

[edit] Physical assets

Jayne Mansfield in her first Playboy pictorial. This pictorial and an earlier pictorial of Marilyn Monroe was part of the emerging trend that gave birth to the large-breasted feminine ideal and men's magazines like Rogue, Nugget and Dude
Jayne Mansfield in her first Playboy pictorial. This pictorial and an earlier pictorial of Marilyn Monroe was part of the emerging trend that gave birth to the large-breasted feminine ideal and men's magazines like Rogue, Nugget and Dude[8][9]

Physical features of the voluptous[10][11] actress became subjects of humor or fascination in popular culture in a number of ways. In a 1950s Trans World Airlines advertisement Mansfield is shown in a low-cut bodice, facing TWA crews, with the copy reading "quite... roomy... perfect".[12] In her time she was often referred to by a variety of nicknames to that end, including Miss Negligee, Miss Nylon Sweater, Miss Freeway, Miss Electric Switch, Miss Geiger Counter, Miss 100% Pure Maple Syrup, Miss 4th of July, Miss Tomato and Miss United Dairies.[13][14][15] Numerous show biz people were dubbed as Jayne Mansfield over the time, including Italian actress Marisa Allasio,[16] Hollywood starlet Dee Gardner,[17] and professional wrestler Missy Hyatt[18].

Her bosom was so much a part of her public persona that talk-show host Jack Paar once welcomed the actress to The Tonight Show by saying, "Here they are, Jayne Mansfield", a line was written for Paar by Dick Cavett which became the title of her biography by Raymond Strait.[19] Joan Jacobs Brumberg describes the 1950s as "an era disntiguished by its worship of full-breasted women", and attributes the paradigm shift to Mansfield and Monroe.[20] Patricia Vettel-Becker makes that observation more specific by attributing the phenomenon to Playboy and the appearance of Mansfield and Monroe in the magazine.[21] Anita Ekberg[22] and Bettie Page[23] are also added to the list of catalysts besides Mansfield and Monroe. Drawing on the Freudian concept of fetishism, British Science Fiction writer and socio-cultural commentator J. G. Ballard commented that Mae West, Mansfield and Monroe's breasts "loomed across the horizon of popular consciousness."[24] It has been claimed that her bosom was a major force behind the development of the 1950s brassieres, including the "Whirlpool bra", Cuties, the "Shutter bra", the "Action bra", latex pads, cleavage revealing designs and uplift outline.[25][26]

In the short story by Graham Greene, May we borrow your husband?, a character comments on her breasts as, "Everybody could grow them big except me. I am no Jayne Mansfield, I can tell you."[27] In the 2001 fiction and poetry collection of Zaffi Gousopoulos, The I. V. Lounge Reader, a character tries out lipsticks in Mansfield colors and lifting underwear to empasize her femininity.[28] "All women aspire to be Jayne Mnasfield", says a charatcer in Drake Worthington's 2002 book, St. Vincent's Manhattan, while trying out a bra.[29] In the Seinfeld episode "The Implant" Jerry quips "you know that Jayne Mansfield had some big breasts!" to girlfriend Teri Hatcher as he tries to figure out if her breasts are in fact real.[30][31] Mansfield Domes are the unofficial names of two prominent granite mounds located in Yosemite National Park.[32] In Toni Morrison's Beloved a character comments "Yeah, while I'm nursing. I feel like Jayne Mansfield" when her son comments on how big her breasts are.[33]

Mansfield's bottom is repeatedly referred to in popular culture as well. On an episode of Gilmore Girls, Lorelai goes fishing with Alex. She catches a fish, brings it home and names it Jayne Mansfield because she had a "great tail switch."[34] In a sketch entitled The Worst Job I Ever 'Ad in the 1976 LP Derek and Clive Live by comedians Peter Cook and Dudley Moore, known as Derek and Clive, Clive (Cook) had the terrible job of retrieving lobsters from Mansfield's derrière.[35]

[edit] Life and career

Mansfield's public persona and career image became another subject in popular culture. Francesca Lia Block's Weetzie Bat books often refer to Mansfield; there characters Dirk and Weetzie watch The Girl Can't Help It, and the Witch Baby's mother is part of a sinister cult that masquerades as a Jayne Mansfield fan club. In Lynda Curnyn's 2004 novel, Bombshell, the character Grace is advised not to become a Jayne Mansfield when it is suspected that she is pregnant without a boyfriend or a husband.[36] Mansfield's films and events of her life also became subjects of inspiration in popular culture. In the 1963 movie, The Stripper, the aspiring stripper Lila Green, played by Joanne Woodward, is mistaken as Mansfield.[37] In the 2005 novel Who Wrote the Book of Love? by Lee Siegel, Lucky Lee, an American boy in Southern California in the 1950s, becomes infatuated with Marilyn Monroe and Mansfield in his journey through sexual enlightenment.[38] In the book Lucky Lee uses famous quotes from films and literature - like "Wow! What a body!" and "Me Tarzan, you Jayne!"[39] to allude to Mansfield.[40]

Acquaintance with Anton LaVey of the Church of Satan remains much in discussion
Acquaintance with Anton LaVey of the Church of Satan remains much in discussion

Mansfield's publicity antics are another recurring theme in popular culture.[1] On the season 32 episode of Saturday Night Live hosted by Alec Baldwin (with musical guest Christina Aguilera), one of the commercial bumpers has Alec Baldwin PhotoShopped into the famous picture of Sophia Loren staring at Mansfield's chest at Romanoff's in Beverly Hills. It was a direct reference to publicity stunt of Mansfield in April 1957 intended to deflect attention from Loren during a dinner party in the Italian star's honor. Photographs of the encounter were published around the world. The most famous image showed Loren raising a contemptuous eyebrow at the American actress who, sitting between Loren and her dinner companion, Clifton Webb, had leaned over the table, allowing her breasts to spill over her low neckline and exposing one nipple.[41] The meeting between Mansfield and Anton LaVey, the founder and high priest of the Church of Satan, was a much publicized and oft quoted event of her life, as well as the history of the Church.[42][43]

She remains a recurring character in works of fiction. In the 11th episode of the second season of TV series Goodnight Sweetheart - titled Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (19993) - Diana Kent plays the role of Mansfield in a time travel story. In the same episode John Evans plays the role of Winston Churchill.[44] She also was a character in Underworld, a 2005 novel by Don DeLillo. [45] In 2002 detective novel by Max Allan Collins, Chicago Confidential, the series private investigator Nathan Heller falls in love with Mansfield, becomes friends with Frank Sinatra and is threatened by Joseph McCarthy.[46]

Mansfield also features in numerous works of art and entertainment in general. She is mentioned in the third sketch of the 48th show of the second season of the The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show (also featuring Wailing Whale episodes 5 & 6), which was first released on May 13 1961. Mansfield also helped unveil a Rocky & Bullwinkle statue on Sunset Boulevard. On the Married with Children season 3 episode "A Dump of My Own," Al Bundy says that when he was young he had two dreams and one of them was to become an astronaut and land on the planet Jayne Mansfield. In the episode of Frasier, "The Impossible Dream", Mansfield is mentioned by Marty, stating that an example of a fun dream would be in the jungle with Jayne Mansfield and her getting bit by a snake. In the 2001 film Vixen Highway, Ann Tait plays the role of a Dr. Jayne Mansfield.[47] Writer-artist Jack Kirby of Marvel Comics drew inspiration from the strong-woman image of Jayne Mansfield in designing the character Susan Storm of the Fantastic Four.[48]

[edit] Death

The fatal motor accident that killed Mansfield and spread the rumors of her decapitation had been the subject of many plots and scenes. In the film To Wong Foo, Thanks For Everything! Julie Newmar, Miss Vida Boheme (Patrick Swayze) remarked while trying out a vintage pink convertible, "I feel like Miss Jayne Mansfield in this car!" Noxeema Jackson (Wesley Snipes) replied "Uh oh, Jayne Mansfield, not a good auto reference."[49] In Severance: Stories, the 2006 story book containing 62 postmortem monologues, each 240-words long, by Robert Olen Butler, a Pulitzer Award winning writer, Mansfield's death is included along with James Dean, John the Baptist, Maximilien Robespierre, Marie Antoinette, Cicero and others.[50] The underride guard, a strong bar made of steel tubing fitted underneath the rear portion of a semi-trailer, is also known a Mansfield bar, commemorating her accident that occurred before the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act required underride guards on semi-trailers.[51][52]

In the 1994 film Leprechaun 2, directed by Rodman Flender, a character degrades the leprechaun by saying, "If hearing the actual sound of Jayne Mansfield's head being severed from her body is too intense for you, well then, you know, more power to ya."[53] The accident is also referred to in the 1998 film One of Them.[54] In Money, Love: A Novel by Brad Barkley, the character Roman organizes a show of Celebrity Death Cars, including that of Dean and Mansfield, to win back his love interest Gladys.[55] In the song Movie Star by the rock band Cracker sang, "Well the movie star, well she crashed her car, but everyone said she was beautiful even without her head, everyone said she was dangerous", making an allusion to the accident. In the 2003 single, "Overdrive," Katy Rose sang, "I'm sitting in Jayne Mansfield's car." The Hollywood Forever Cemetery,[56] where she is interned, is describes as one of the sights to see in California by the regional tourist guide by Lonely Planet.[57]

In David Cronenberg's 1996 film Crash based on the J. G. Ballard's 1973 novel Crash, Seagrave, a stunt driver, recreates Mansfield's fatal accident and kills himself in the process,[58] to which his partner Vaughn says in frustration, "You did the Jayne Mansfield crash without me?"[59] Differing from the book the storyline of the film revolves around these two partners recreating fatal celebrity disasters, in the name of their project they call retrospectives, including those of James Dean, Grace Kelly, Albert Camus and John F. Kennedy.[60] The film was nominated for the Golden Palm at the Cannes Film Festival, it instead won the Special Jury Prize for daring, audacity, and originality.[61]

[edit] Punk rock inspiration

Cover for Kiss Them for Me, a Siouxsie & the Banshees singles inspired by Jayne Mansfield
Cover for Kiss Them for Me, a Siouxsie & the Banshees singles inspired by Jayne Mansfield

Mansfield became an inspiration for musicians in the punk rock genre. The Mansfields, a punk band, who take their name from the actress, released titles Jayne's Laugh and Jayne Mansfield Was A Punk.[62][63] St. Jayne, a punk band from Cleveland, Ohio was also named after her.[64] Another band of the genre called it self Jane Mansfield's Head in 1980s.[65] In 1989, the band L.A. Guns released The Ballad of Jayne and the next year the cyberpunk band Sigue Sigue Sputnik released Hey Jane Mansfield Superstar. Masons, punk band form Tucson, Arizona, toured in 2000 playing three songs dedicated to her - Bombshell, Crash My Car and The Witch.[66] The Motors, a British pub rock/punk band, had their billboard campaign I lost my head over The Motors featuring a picture of Jayne Mansfield banned.[67] German punk band The Bates has recorded a tune called The Lips of Jayne Mansfield, featured in the 1990 album Shake.[68][69] The Dave Brothers, a punk rock band in the late 1990s had a Sunday show on radio station KRCL (106 FM, later taken over by KCGL) called the Church of Jayne Mansfield and distributed her posters for promotion.[70][71] The Village Voice compared punk pornographer Bruce LaBruce to Mansfield.[72] Marc Bolan, one of the most influential artists of glam rock that spawned the punk, compared the demise of Elvis Presley to Jayne Mansfield.[73] The Japanese female garage punk band The 5.6.7.8's wrote a song titled "I Walk Like Jayne Mansfield", which is featured in the movie Kill Bill Vol. 1, directed by Quentin Tarantino. Katy Rose mentions Mansfield in her song Overdrive.

The post-punk band Siouxsie and the Banshees picked the title of number-one single Kiss Them for Me (included in their album Superstition) Mansfield's 1957 film Kiss Them for Me.[74] Lyrics of the song uses Mansfield's catchword "divoon", and refers to her heart-shaped swimming pool, her love of champagne and parties, and to the grisly automobile accident which claimed her life in 1967. In Grok, a novel by Tom Maremaa, a character plays the CD and asks, "Yes, kiss them for me — I may be delayed."[75]

[edit] Magazines

June 1963 issue of Playboy featuring Mansfield on cover and The Nudest Jayne Mansfield pictorial
June 1963 issue of Playboy featuring Mansfield on cover and The Nudest Jayne Mansfield pictorial

The magazine that ignited her career, Playboy, featured her on numerous issues. It has been conjectured that Playboy was a pioneer in starting an American "breast fetish" which has exaggerated the importance of large breasts[76][77] and both Jayne Mansfield and Marilyn Monroe, fetured in the early issues of the magazine, played a significant role in the process.[78] In July 1963, her naked pictures were printed with a description that went, "enjoying the luxuries of a bubble bath and a double bed".[79] The pictorial titled "The Nudest Jayne Mansfield" was banned, and Hugh Hefner, the publisher, was arrested by Chicago Police. The trial resulted in a hung jury that votes 7 to 5 for acquittal.[80] In the Lee Siegel novel Who Wrote the Book of Love?, the character Lucky Lee turns the issue of Playboy into a bribe to meet a girl.[81] Since that Jayne Mansfield fiasco Playboy was scrutinized by the Customs Department issue-by-issue till 1967, and they found 51 issues out of 51 objectionable.[79]

Playboy issues featuring Mansfield include February 1955 (Playmate of the Month), February 1956, February 1957, February 1958, December 1958, February 1960 (The best of Jayne Mansfield), July 1963 (the issue that had Hugh Hefner arrested), Annual 1964 (first issue of The best of Playboy), December 1965, Newsstand Special 1989 (100 Beautiful Women), January 1994 and Newsstand Special 1999 (45th Anniversary Special), as well as the Playboy calendar in 1959. Numerous other magazines featured her on the cover. These include: Hollywood Studio Magazine: Then And Now (May 1987, Volume 20, No. 5.), Life Magazine (April 23, 1956), Modern Man: The Adult Picture Magazine (March 1966), Photo-Rama Magazine (Volume 6, No. 16) and Playboy (June 1963). In August, 1980, the girly magazine High Society published a special Jayne Mansfield Collectors' Edition, which also features Seca.

[edit] Documentary coverage

Kenneth Anger's magnum opus Hollywood Babylon featuring Mansfield on the cover
Kenneth Anger's magnum opus Hollywood Babylon featuring Mansfield on the cover

In 1980, a TV film was made on her life - The Jayne Mansfield Story - which was nominated for three Emmy Awards in the categories for hair, makeup and costume. In the film directed by Dick Lowry, Mansfield is played by Loni Anderson and her husband Mickey Hargitay is played by Arnold Schwarzenegger.[82] In 1988, her story and archival footage was a part of TV documentary Hollywood Sex Symbols.[83] In the 1987 TV series Biography an episode titled Jayne Mansfield: Blonde Ambition featured her life.[84] In the same year her story was a part of the documentary Hollywood Uncensored, directed by James Forsher, which also featured stories about Carroll Baker, Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell.[85] The first film documentary on her, The Wild, Wild World of Jayne Mansfield, started with herself working in the film, but it was finished in 1968 after her death and had to make use of archival footage.[86]

Numerous books has been written on her life and career. These include: Jayne Mansfield (May mann; Pocket; 1974), Jayne Mansfield: A biography (May Mann; Abelard-Schuman; 1974), The tragic secret life of Jayne Mansfield (Raymond Strait; Regnery; 1974), Jayne Mansfield and the American fifties (Martha Saxton; Houghton Mifflin; 1975), Jayne Mansfield (Jean-Pierre Jackson; Edilig; 1984), Sexbomb: The Life and Death of Jayne Mansfield (Guus Luitjters, Gerard Timmer; Citadel; 1988), Here They Are Jayne Mansfield (Raymond Strait, S.P.I. Books; 1992), Jayne Mansfield Vs. Mamie Van Doren: Battle of the Blondes (A Pictorial History) (Alan Betrock; Shake Books; 1993), Jayne Mansfield: A Bio-Bibliography (Jocelyn Faris; Greenwood Press; 1994), Man Enough to Be Woman (Jayne County, Rupert Smith; Serpent's Tail; 1996), Sex Lives of the Hollywood Goddesses 2 (Nigel Cawthorne; Prion; 2004), and Diamonds to Dust: The Life and Death of Jayne Mansfield (Frank Ferruccio; Outskirts Press; 2007).

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d Russell, Dennis (1999). Jayne Mansfield - St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. Gale. Retrieved on 2007-11-28. 
  2. ^ Child of My Heart on Amazon.com; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  3. ^ R. L. Rutsky; High Techne: Art and Technology from the Machine Aesthetic to the Posthuman; page 19; University of Minnesota Press; 1999
  4. ^ Bill Osgerby; Playboys in Paradise: Masculinity, Youth and Leisure-Style in Modern America; page 109; Berg Publishers; 2001
  5. ^ M. Thomas Inge; Handbook of American Popular Culture; page 1432; Greenwood Pub Group; 1989
  6. ^ Stephen Wagg; Because I Tell a Joke Or Two: Comedy, Politics, and Social Difference; page 73; Routledge; 1998
  7. ^ Todd Gitlin; Inside Prime Time; page 196; Routledge; 1994
  8. ^ Martin Halliwell, American Culture in the 1950s, page 42, Edinburgh University Press. 2007
  9. ^ Barbara Klinger, Melodrama and Meaning, page 53, Indiana University Press, 1994
  10. ^ "Jayne Mansfield sets the pace for women who aspired to voluptuous curves" - Jane Farrell-Beck, Colleen Gau; Uplift: The Bra in America; page 116; University of Pennsylvania Press; 2002
  11. ^ "A voluptuous ideal exemplified by Marilyn Monroe and Jayen Mansfield" - Julien S. Murphy; Feminist Interpretations of Jean-Paul Sartre; page 104; Penn State Press; 1999
  12. ^ A. Robert Lee; The Beat Generation Writers; page 181; Pluto Press; 1996
  13. ^ Paula Munier; On Being Blonde: Wit and Wisdom from the World's Most Infamous Blondes; page 76; Fair Winds; 2004
  14. ^ Jayne Mansfield on Everything2; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  15. ^ Autumn Stephens; Drama Queens: Wild Women of the Silver Screen; page 49; Conari; 1998
  16. ^ Marisa Allasio on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  17. ^ Dee Gardner on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  18. ^ Hyatt, Missy, Salzberg, Charles, Goldblatt, Mark; Missy Hyatt: First Lady of Wrestling; page 78
  19. ^ "Country Boy", Time, 28 January 1966
  20. ^ Katherine J. Parkin; Food Is Love: Advertising and Gender Roles in Modern America; page 1973; University of Pennsylvania Press; 2007
  21. ^ Patricia Vettel-Becker; Shooting from the Hip: Photography, Masculinity, and Postwar America; page 107; University of Minnesota Press; 2005
  22. ^ Beth L. Bailey; From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America; page 73; Johns Hopkins University Press; 1988
  23. ^ Martin Halliwell; American Culture in the 1950s; page 42; Edinburgh University Press; 2007
  24. ^ Linda S. Kauffman; Bad Girls and Sick Boys: Fantasies in Contemporary Art and Culture; page 72; University of California Press; 1998
  25. ^ Anne Massey; Hollywood Beyond the Screen: Design and Material Culture; page 156; Berg Publishers, Oxford; 2000
  26. ^ Jane Farrell-Beck, Colleen Gau; Uplift: The Bra in America; pages 116-118; University of Pennsylvania Press; 2002
  27. ^ Graham Greene; Collected Short Stories; page 278; Penguin Classics
  28. ^ Zaffi Gousopoulos; The I. V. Lounge Reader; page 175; Insomniac Press; 2001
  29. ^ Drake Worthington; St. Vincent's Manhattan; page 688; iUniverse; 2002
  30. ^ Seinfeld quotes: Season 4; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  31. ^ Seinfeld scripts: The Implant; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  32. ^ "A Pair of More Recent Place Names", Yosemite 47(19):9 by Jim Snyder
  33. ^ Paula Gallant Eckard, Maternal Body and Voice in Toni Morrison, Bobbie Ann Mason, and Lee Smith, page 93, University of Missouri Press, 2002
  34. ^ The new house band chez Tarantino, Simon Bartz, Japan Times, 2003-11-16; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  35. ^ Live Derek and Clive on Amazon.com; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  36. ^ Lynda Curnyn; Bombshell; page 119; Red Dress Ink; 2004
  37. ^ The Stripper on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  38. ^ Who Wrote the Book of Love? on Amazon.com; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  39. ^ In the book it is spelled Jayne, not Jane, to make a pun
  40. ^ Lee Siegel; Who Wrote the Book of Love?; page 151; University of Chicago Press; 2005
  41. ^ Shelley Winters; Shelley II: The Middle of My Century; page 286; Simon and Schuster; 1989
  42. ^ James R. Lewis; Legitimating New Religions; page 108; Rutgers University Press; 2003
  43. ^ James R. Lewis; Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion, Folklore, and Popular Culture; page 146; ABC-CLIO; 2001
  44. ^ Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  45. ^ Interview of Don DeLillo
  46. ^ Chicago Confidential on Amazon.com; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  47. ^ Vixen Highway on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  48. ^ Mike Gartland, The Collected Jack Kirby Collector (ed. Jack Kirby and John Morrow), page 41, TwoMorrows Publishing, 2006
  49. ^ To Wong Foo, Thanks For Everything! Julie Newmar on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  50. ^ Severance: Stories on Amazon.com; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  51. ^ Underride Guard on Everything2; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  52. ^ Reauthorization of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; page 39; United States, Congress Committee on Commerce; 1997
  53. ^ Leprechaun 2 Quotes on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  54. ^ One of Them on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  55. ^ Money, Love: A Novel on Amazon.com; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  56. ^ Official site for Hollywood Forever Cemetery
  57. ^ Andrea Schulte-Peevers; California; page 512; Lonely Planet; 2006
  58. ^ Botting, Fred & Wilson, Scott. Automatic lover. Screen, Vol 39, 1998. (Oxford U. Press)
  59. ^ Crash quotes on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  60. ^ James E. Swearingen and Joanne Cutting-Gray, Extreme Beauty: Aesthetics, Politics, Death, pages 85-86, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002
  61. ^ Crash (1996/I) IMDb Awards: Crash (1996)
  62. ^ J. Adrian Stanley, Mansfields want to make you a star Find articles (from the The Gazette, Colardo Spring, 2004-08-24); Retrieved 2007-12-06
  63. ^ The Mansfields: Jayne Mansfield
  64. ^ St. Jayne on CD Baby; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  65. ^ RetroCursh: Jayne Mansfield
  66. ^ Ron Bally, Rhythm & Views, Tucson Weekly, 2000-03-16; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  67. ^ The Motors on Amazon.com; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  68. ^ Shake by the Bates, product description on Amazon.com
  69. ^ Jayne Mansfield: Biography, NetGlimpse
  70. ^ SLC Punk and the New Wave
  71. ^ Occuclt Fourm
  72. ^ Bruce Labruce, The Wild, Wild World of Fanzines; A Queer Romance: Lesbians, Gay Men and Popular Culture (ed. Paul Burston, Colin Richardson); Routledge; 1995
  73. ^ Marc Bolan: The Final Years, A Marc Bolan Information Page; Retrieved: 2007-12-06]]
  74. ^ Superstition Trivia, The Banshee and Other Creatures, Retrieved: 2008-03-08
  75. ^ Tom Maremaa, Grok, page 673, iUniverse, 2000
  76. ^ Robert T. Francoeur, Becoming a Sexual Person, page 95, John Wiley and Sons, 1984
  77. ^ Carolyn Latteier, Breasts: The Women's Perspective on an American Obsession, page 117, Haworth Press, 1998
  78. ^ Patricia Vettel-Becker, Shooting from the Hip: Photography, Masculinity, and Postwar America, page 107, University of Minnesota Press, 2005
  79. ^ a b Barbara Sullivan, The Politics of Sex: Prostitution and Pornography in Australia Since 1945, page 78, Cambridge University Press, 1997
  80. ^ Andrew Breitbart and Mark Ebner, Hollywood, Interrupted: Insanity Chic in Babylon: the Case Against Celebrity, page 153, John Wiley and Sons, 2004
  81. ^ Lee Siegel, Who wrote the book of love?, page 229
  82. ^ The Jayne Mansfield Story on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  83. ^ Hollywood Sex Symbols on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  84. ^ Biography - Jayne Mansfield: Blonde Ambition on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  85. ^ Hollywood Uncensored on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29
  86. ^ The Wild, Wild World of Jayne Mansfield on Internet Movie Database; Retrieved: 2007-11-29

[edit] External links