Dominican American

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Dominican American
Alex Rodriguez Zoe Saldana
Notable Dominican Americans:
Alex Rodriguez • Zoe Saldana

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Flag of the Dominican Republic Flag of the United States
Total population

1,217,225
0.4% of the US population (2006)[1]
Regions with significant populations
New York City, New Jersey, South Florida
Languages
American English, Dominican Spanish
Religions
Predominately Roman Catholic, some adherents to Islam.[2]
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A Dominican American[3] (also Dominican-York)[4] is any United States citizen or non-citizen who has ancestry from the Dominican Republic.

Immigration records of Dominicans in the United States date from the late 1800s, and New York City had a Dominican community since the 1930s. From the 1960s onward, after the fall of the Rafael Trujillo military regime, large waves of migration have thoroughly transnationalized the Dominican Republic, metaphorically blurring its frontier with the United States. In 2006, there were approximately 1.2 million people of Dominican descent in the US, both native and foreign-born.[1]

Contents

[edit] History

Since the early 1960s, economic problems and political turmoil in the Dominican Republic have led to a vast migration of Dominicans to the U.S., mainly to East coast cities, particularly New York City and other places in New York; Paterson, New Jersey; South Florida (Miami and Fort Lauderdale); and Lawrence and Boston, Massachusetts. Smaller waves of Dominicans have gone to the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Houston, Texas; Washington D.C.; Kansas City, Missouri; and New Orleans, Louisiana metropolitan areas. Dominican Americans have settled in these areas largely because of the already existing and growing Latino community found in these places, having come on the heels of a similar migration of Puerto Ricans.

[edit] Demographics

Almost half of all the Dominican Americans today have arrived since the 1990s. New York City's Washington Heights neighborhood, on the northwestern tip of Manhattan, is so densely populated by Dominican Americans that it is sometimes referred to as Quisqueya Heights. (Quisqueya is a popular name for Hispaniola, the Caribbean island on which the Dominican Republic is located, that many believe derives from the island's original Taino name.) Dominican Americans are now the fifth-largest Hispanic group in the United States, after the Mexican American majority, Puerto Rican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Salvadoran Americans.[5]

Currently the largest concentrations of Dominican Americans are in New York (659,962), New Jersey (167,689), Florida (136,891), Massachusetts (83,700), Pennsylvania (36,091), Rhode Island (30,876), and Connecticut (17,213) — the seven U.S. states with 10,000 or more Dominican Americans. The Census Bureau estimated the nationwide Dominican American population at 1,217,225 in 2006.[6]

The 25 US communities with the highest percentage of people claiming Dominican ancestry are:[7]

  1. Haverstraw (village), New York 26.95%
  2. Lawrence, Massachusetts 22.47%
  3. Perth Amboy, New Jersey 18.81%
  4. Passaic, New Jersey 13.06%
  5. Sleepy Hollow, New York 12.67%
  6. Union City, New Jersey 11.46%
  7. Haverstraw (town), New York 11.13%
  8. Paterson, New Jersey 10.27%
  9. Bronx, New York 9.99%
  10. Manhattan, New York 8.87%
  11. Providence, Rhode Island 8.43%
  12. West New York, New Jersey 8.41%
  13. West Haverstraw, New York 8.17%
  14. Freeport, New York 7.37%
  15. Copiague, NY 6.57%
  16. Lynn, Massachusetts 6.2%
  17. New Brunswick, New Jersey 5.88%
  18. Weehawken, New Jersey 5.74%
  19. North Bergen, New Jersey 5.56%
  20. Salem, Massachusetts 5.39%
  21. Prospect Park, New Jersey 5.28%
  22. Guttenberg, New Jersey 5.09%
  23. Brentwood, New York 5.09%
  24. New York, New York 5.08%
  25. Miami Gardens, Broward County, Florida 4.62%

Since 1980, the Census Bureau has asked U.S. residents to classify their race separately from their Hispanic origin, if any. In 1990, 29.2% of Dominican Americans responded that they were white, while 30% considered themselves black. 39.8% of the total, composing a plurality, chose the "other" category.[8] The prevalence of the "other race" category probably reflects the large number of people with mixed African, White (chiefly European, and Amerindian ancestry, usually grouped under the folk term indio in the Dominican Republic, where 73% of the population are mixed African and European descent.[9]

[edit] Adjustment and development

A significant number of Dominican Americans are young first generation immigrants without a higher education. Many Dominican Americans also come from the rural countryside of the Dominican Republic. Many are poor, "undocumented", and have language barriers as well. Second generation Dominican Americans are overwhelmingly more educated than their first generation counterparts, as reflected by their higher incomes and employment in professional or skilled occupations. Over 21% of all second-generation Dominican Americans have college degrees, slightly below the national average (24%) but significantly higher than U.S.-born Mexican Americans (13%) and U.S.-born Puerto Rican Americans (12%).[10]

On the other hand, problems affecting the Dominican American community include a high rates of high school dropouts, poverty, unemployment, and crime, including the growth of gangs.[11]

[edit] Participation in U.S. Politics

The U.S. House of Representatives does not yet have a Dominican American member, although at least two dozen Dominican Americans are elected as councilmembers, county legislators, and state legislators throughout the United States. The majority of Dominican elected officials are in New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Maryland, and Massachusetts. There are also Dominican Americans elected in New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and Puerto Rico.[12]

The electoral participation of Dominicans in the United States may improve as a result of the 1994 approval of dual citizenship by the Dominican legislature, which makes it easier for migrants to become U.S. citizens without relinquishing their Dominican nationality. A 1997 Dominican law, which took effect in 2004, allows Dominicans living abroad to retain their Dominican citizenship and voting rights, even if they become citizens of another country. Traditionally, Dominicans living in the United States are passionately involved in politics "back home," but unlike other Spanish-speaking ethnic groups, such as Cuban Americans and Mexican American, Dominican Americans are not as inclined to take an active part in U.S. politics, partly because many dream of eventually returning to the island.[11]

[edit] Dominican American Culture

Music is the heart of the Dominican culture.[citation needed] Dominican music includes merengue and bachata, a modification of bolero. Bachata, as well as hip hop and reggaeton, has become popular among many Dominican American youth.

Almost 90% of all Dominican Americans are Roman Catholics. Dominican Catholics are involved in the cult of the saints, and the cult of the national virgins, Altagracia and Mercedes, which are as strong symbols of Dominican identity as the Dominican flag.

Dominican food typically features white rice, beans, yucca, plantains, mangu, beef, and sancocho.

The Dominican Day Parade is one of the biggest parades in New York City.

[edit] Notable Dominican Americans

The Dominicans and Dominican Americans have made great strides in the field of baseball as it is the top sport in the Dominican Republic. Sammy Sosa, Alex Rodriguez, Alfonso Soriano, Pedro Martínez, Vladimir Guerrero,David Ortiz, Miguel Tejada, Albert Pujols, Manny Ramírez and Hall of Fame member Juan Marichal are just a few of the many famous Dominican baseball players. Baseball isn't the only sport with Dominican American figures, the NBA has Charlie Villanueva, born and raised in Elmhurst, Queens, NY. also Francisco Garcia and Al Horford. Luis Flores played one season in the NBA before goin to Europe...he attended Manhattan College. In the NFL there is Luis Castillo of the San Diego Chargers and Tutan Reyes of the Carolina Panthers.

Dominican Americans have also contributed major literary works on their experiences in the US. Two of the best known are Julia Alvarez, author of In the Time of the Butterflies, and Pulitzer Prize-winner writer Junot Diaz, author of Drown. Oscar De La Renta is one of the most recognized names in the fashion industry.

Among the many well known Dominican American politicians include former New York City Councilman Guillermo Linares (currently Commissioner of Immigrant Affairs for the City of New York), New York State Assemblyman Adriano Espaillat, New York State Assemblyman Jose Peralta, New York City Councilman Miguel Martinez, New York City Councilwoman Diana Reyna, Rhode Island State Senator Juan Pichardo, Rhode Island State Representative Grace Diaz, Trenton NJ Councilman Manuel Segura, Allentown, PA Councilman Julio Guridy, Massachusetts State Representative William Lantigua, first Dominican Supreme Court Judge Rolando T. Acosta and many more. Dr. Rosa Perez-Perdomo, who is Secretary of Health for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is the highest ranking Dominican appointed official in the United States as she is the only gubernatorial cabinet-level appointment in the country.[13] Dr. Eduardo Sanchez was Commissioner of Health for the state of Texas from 2001 to 2006.[14]

Zoe Saldaña is a young promising actress born in New Jersey to Dominican immigrants. Michelle Rodriguez, born of a Dominican mother and a Puerto Rican father, is well known for her roles in the television series Lost and movies The Fast and the Furious, S.W.A.T., and Resident Evil. Merlin Santana was a well-known actor from New York City whose parents are Dominican. His most notable role was as Romeo on the Steve Harvey Show. He died in November 2002.

Many Dominicans exist in the New York rap scene. J. R. Writer of Dipset is Dominican and fellow member Juelz Santana also is mixed with Dominican ancestary. Fabolous and AZ are also half African American Half Dominican rappers from New York. Magic Juan, formerly of the merengue hip-hop group Proyecto Uno, is considered to be the pioneer behind the growth of merenhouse and merenrap. JuJu from the Beatnuts is also Dominican.

[edit] Authors

[edit] Motion Picture & Television Personalities

[edit] Notable and Newsworthy Personalities

[edit] Prominent Political Figures (present)

[edit] Singers and Musicians

[edit] Sports

[edit] Notes and References

  1. ^ a b United States - Selected Population Profile in the United States (Dominican (Dominican Republic)). Retrieved on 2007-12-18.
  2. ^ Latino Americans Embracing Islam
  3. ^ The term "Dominican" also refers to people from the Commonwealth of Dominica.
  4. ^ The terms "Dominican American" and "Dominican York" are rarely used within the community in the US. Recent studies in New York suggest most favored calling themselves simply "Dominican" - see Jorge Duany, El Barrio Gandul, Economia subterranea y migracion indocumentada en Puerto Rico, 1995
  5. ^ B03001. HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN - Universe: TOTAL POPULATION. 2006 American Community Survey. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-05-01.
  6. ^ Custom Table - American FactFinder; C03001. HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN. 2006 American Community Survey, 2006 Puerto Rico Community Survey. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-05-01.
  7. ^ Ancestry Map of Dominican Communities. Epodunk.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-26.
  8. ^ Rodriguez, Carla E. (2000). Changing Race: Latinos, the Census, and the History of Ethnicity in the United States. New York University Press, p. 9. 
  9. ^ (June 17, 2002) Latinos: Remaking America. Berkeley: University of California Press. 
  10. ^ Castro, Max J. (2002). The Dominican Diaspora Revisited, Dominicans and Dominican-Americans in a New Century. 
  11. ^ a b Yahaira Castro (2004-10-26). FRONTLINE/WORLD . Election 2004 - Dominican Republic. Retrieved on 2008-06-09.
  12. ^ DANR - Dominican American National Roundtable. Retrieved on 2008-06-09.
  13. ^ Dr. Rosa Perez-Perdomo addresses DANR 10th Annual National Conference.
  14. ^ Dr. Eduardo Sanchez addresses DANR 8th Annual National Conference.

[edit] External links


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