Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, duc de Morny
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Charles Auguste Louis Joseph Demorny/de Morny, 1st Duc de Morny (September 15-16 1811 in Switzerland – March 10, 1865 in Paris) was a French statesman. He was the natural son of Hortense de Beauharnais (wife of Louis Bonaparte, and queen of Holland) and Charles Joseph, comte de Flahaut, and therefore half-brother of Emperor Napoleon III.
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[edit] Biography
He was born in Switzerland,[1] and his birth was duly registered in a misleading certificate which made him the legitimate son of Auguste Jean Hyacinthe Demorny, described as a landowner of St. Domingo. M. Demorny was in fact an officer in the Prussian army and a native of St. Domingo, though he owned no land there or elsewhere.
After a brilliant school and college career he received a commission in the army, and next year entered the staff college. The comte de Morny, as he was called by a polite fiction, served in Algeria in 1834-35 as aide-de-camp to General Camille Alphonse Trezel, whose life he saved under the walls of Constantine.
When he returned to Paris in 1838 he secured a solid position in the business world by the establishment of a major beet-sugar industry at Clermont in the Auvergne, and by writing a pamphlet Sur la question des sucres in 1838. In these and other lucrative speculations he was helped by the beautiful and wealthy wife of the Belgian ambassador, Charles Aimé Joseph Le Hon, Comte Le Hon (Belgium, January 10, 1792 - Tournai, April 30, 1868), Françoise Mosselman (Paris, May 28, 1808 - Paris, March 2, 1880) until there were few great commercial enterprises in Paris in which he did not have an interest.
Françoise Mosselman, of Belgian origin but born in France, was daughter of François Dominique Mosselman (1754 - 1830) and wife Marie-Louise Tacque, and sister of Louise Mosselman, married to Denis Sauvage, both born in 1800 (great-great-grandparents of Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing), Jeanne Mosselman, married to Henri Fontenilliat (1793 - 1864), maternal grandparents of Jean Casimir-Perier, François Alfred Mosselman (Paris, 1810 - 1867), married to Claire Gazzani (1814 - 1856), and Flore Mosselman (1800 - 1834), married in 1823 to her cousin as his first wife Théodore Mosselman du Chenoy (Brussels, November 20, 1804 - May 27, 1876), by whom she had issue, two children who died in teenagehood: Jules (1824 - 1839) and Léon-Marie (1825 - 1843). Although she had two children from her marriage - Eugène Le Hon, born in 1827, and Louis Xavier Léopold Alfred Le Hon, born in 1832 and married to Amélie de Sangro de Gensano - a third child Louise Le Hon (Paris, July 15, 1838 - Paris, February 9, 1931) was her daughter by de Morny. She married in Paris on June 11, 1856 Stanislaus August Friedrich Joseph Telemach Luci, later Poniatowski, 3rd Fürst Poniatowski, 3rd Principe di Monte Rotondo (Florence, November 9, 1835-Paris, January 6, 1908), by whom she had issue.
Although he sat as deputy for Clermont-Ferrand from 1842 onwards he took at first no important part in party politics, but he was heard with respect on industrial and financial questions. He supported the government of Louis Philippe, because revolution threatened his commercial interests, but before the catastrophe of 1848, by which he was temporarily ruined, he meditated conversion to the legitimist cause represented by the comte de Chambord. His attitude was expressed by the mot with which he is said to have replied to a lady who asked what he would do if the Chamber were "swept out." "Range myself on the side of the broom handle," was his answer. Presently he was admitted to the intimate circle of Louis Napoleon, and he helped to engineer the coup d'état of December 2, 1851 on the morrow of which he received the ministry of the interior.
After six months of office, during which he had shown commendable moderation and tact to his political opponents, he resigned his portfolio, ostensibly because he disapproved of the confiscation of the Orleans property but really because Napoleon, influenced by Morny's rivals, resented his claim to a foremost place in the government as a member of the Bonaparte family. He then resumed his financial speculations, and when in 1854 he became president of the Corps Législatif, a position which he filled with consummate dignity and tact for the rest of his life, he used his official rank to assist his schemes.
Politics and high finance went hand in hand with Morny. In 1856, he was sent as special envoy to the coronation of Alexander II of Russia and brought home a wife, whom he married at St. Petersburg on January 7, 1857, Princess Sofia Sergeyevna Trubetskaya (Moscow, March 25, 1836 - Paris, August 8, 1896), only daughter of Prince Sergey Vasilyevich Trubetskoy (1814 - May 12 (April 30 Old Style), 1859), and wife Ekaterina Petrovna Mussina-Pushkina (February 1, 1816 - c. 1897), who by her connexions greatly strengthened his social position; Sophie was legally daughter of Prince Sergey Vasilyevich Trubetskoy, but may have been illegitimate daughter of Nicholas I of Russia. In 1862, Morny was created a Duke. It is said that he aspired to the throne of Mexico, and that the French expedition sent to place Maximilian on the throne was prompted by Napoleon's desire to thwart this ambition.
In any case, in spite of occasional disagreements, Morny's influence with the emperor remained great, and the liberal policies which he advocated enabled him to serve the imperial cause through his influence with the leaders of the opposition, the most conspicuous of whom, Émile Ollivier, was detached from his colleagues by his efforts. But while he was laying the foundations of the "Liberal Empire" his health, undermined by a ceaseless round of political and financial business, of gaiety and dissipation, was giving way, and was further injured by quack medicines. The emperor and the empress visited him just before his death in Paris on the 10 March 1865.
Morny's valuable collection of pictures was sold after his death. In spite of his undoubted wit and social gifts, Morny failed to secure the distinction he desired as a dramatist, and none of his pieces which appeared under the pseudonym of M. de St Rémy: Sur la grande route; M. Choufleuri restera chez lui le . . ., and the Finesses du man among others, met with success on the stage.
[edit] Thoroughbred horse racing
Morny played an important role in the development of the Thoroughbred horse racing and breeding industry in France. In 1860 he purchased the English Triple Crown champion West Australian and brought him to France for breeding purposes. In 1862 Morny built the Deauville-La Touques Race Course near Deauville. The Prix Morny is named in his honor.
[edit] Children by marriage
- Marie Eugenie de Morny (Paris, 1857 - Paris, 1883, married in Madrid, 1877 as his first wife José Ramón Gil Francisco de Borja Nicolás Osório y de Heredia, 9. Conde de La Corzana (Madrid, August 21, 1854 - Madrid, 1919), and had:
- Auguste Charles Louis Valentin de Morny, 2nd Duc de Morny (Paris, 1859 - Paris, 1920), married in Paris, 1886 Carlota de Guzmán-Blanco y de Ybarra (Caracas, 1869 - Courbevoie, 1939), and had:
- Serge de Morny (Paris, 1861 - Paris, 1922), unmarried and without issue
- Sophie Mathilde (Missy) de Morny (Paris, 1863 - Paris, 1944), married in Madrid, 1881 and divorced in 1903 Jacques Godart Marquis de Belbeuf (Paris, 1850 - Paris, 1906). She created a scandal at the turn of the 19th century by her lesbian affair with the French novelist Colette who had taken up work in the music halls of Paris in 1906 under her wing, and with whom she became romantically involved. In 1907, the two performed together in a pantomime entitled Rêve d'Égypte at the Moulin Rouge. Their onstage kiss nearly caused a riot, which the police were called in to suppress. As a result of this scandal, further performances of Rêve d'Égypte were banned and Colette and de Morny were no longer able to openly live together, though their relationship continued a total of five years.[2]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Frances Mossiker "Napoleon and Josephine".Page 361-362
- ^ Benstock, Shari (1986). Women of the Left Bank: Paris, 1900–1940. Texas: University of Texas Press, 48-49. ISBN 0-292-79040-6.
[edit] References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
