Biloxi, Mississippi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Biloxi, Mississippi | |
| Nickname: Seafood Capital of the World | |
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| County | Harrison |
| Incorporated | in 1838 as a township. |
| Government | |
| - Mayor | A.J. Holloway (R) |
| Area | |
| - City | 114 sq mi (195 km²) |
| - Land | 38.0 sq mi (98.5 km²) |
| - Water | 8.5 sq mi (22.0 km²) |
| Elevation | 20 ft (6 m) |
| Population (2005) | |
| - City | 48,972 (2,005 estimation) |
| - Density | 4,330.5/sq mi (1,672/km²) |
| - Metro | 255,383 |
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) |
| - Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) |
| Area code(s) | 228 |
| FIPS code | 28-06220 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0667173 |
| Website: http://www.biloxi.ms.us/ | |
Biloxi (pronounced /bəˈlʌksi/) is a city in Harrison County, Mississippi, in the United States.[1] The 2000 census recorded the population as 50,644. Biloxi is co–county seat with the larger city Gulfport, in the Gulfport–Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Gulfport–Biloxi–Pascagoula, Mississippi Combined Statistical Area.
The beachfront of Biloxi lies directly on the Mississippi Sound, with barrier islands scattered off the coast and into the Gulf of Mexico.
Keesler Air Force Base lies within the city and is home to the 81st Training Wing of the U.S. Air Force.
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[edit] Geography
Biloxi is located at (30.412029, -88.927829)[2] and has an elevation of 20 feet (6.1 m)[3].
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 46.5 mi²(120.5 km² ). 38.0 mi² (98.5 km²) of it is land and 8.5 mi² (22.0 km²) of it is water. The total area is 18.27% water.
[edit] Colonial era
The history of Biloxi, Mississippi, spans more than 300 years.
The first permanent settlement in French Louisiana was founded at Fort Maurepas, now in Ocean Springs, Mississippi and referred to as Old Biloxi, in 1699 under the direction of Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, with Louisiana separated from Spanish Florida at the Perdido River near Pensacola (founded 1559 & again 1698).
The name of Biloxi in French was "Bilocci" (with "fort Maurepas"),[4] and the name was sometimes translated into English as "Fort Bilocci" on maps updated circa year 1710/1725.[5][6]
In 1720, the administrative capital of French Louisiana was moved to Biloxi(Presently Ocean Springs) (or Bilocci) from Mobile (or Mobille). French Louisiana (part of New France) was known in French as La Louisiane in colonial times, but in modern times is called "La Louisiane française" to distinguish from the modern state of Louisiana (also "Louisiane" in French).[4]
Due to fears of tides and hurricanes in the 1700s, the capital of French Louisiana was later moved by colonial governor Bienville, in 1723, from Biloxi to a new inland harbor town named La Nouvelle-Orléans (New Orleans), built for the purpose in 1718-1720.
In 1763, France had to cede French Louisiana east of the Mississippi River, except for New Orleans, to Great Britain. At that same time, the king Louis XV of France sold Louisiana west of the Mississippi, including New Orleans, to Spain.
[edit] Recent History and Hurricane Katrina
With the introduction of gambling in Mississippi in the 1990s, Biloxi became an important center for casinos; the hotels and complexes brought millions of dollars in tourism revenue to the city. The more famous casino complexes were the Beau Rivage casino resort, the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino (Biloxi), Casino Magic, Grand Casino, Isle of Capri Casino Resort, Boomtown Casino, President Broadwater Casino Resort, and Imperial Palace. Like Tunica County in the northern part of the state, Biloxi and the surrounding Gulf Coast region was considered a leading gambling center in the Southern United States until many casinos were damaged or destroyed by Hurricane Katrina. Of the casinos that were located in Biloxi, eight have reopened since Katrina. They are: the Grand Biloxi Casino Hotel Spa(formerly known as Grand Casino Biloxi), the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino, the Isle of Capri Casino and Resort, the Palace Casino Resort, the IP Casino Resort Spa (formerly known as Imperial Palace), Treasure Bay Casino, Boomtown Casino, and the Beau Rivage, which re-opened on the first anniversary of Hurricane Katrina.[7]
On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina hit the Mississippi Gulf Coast with high winds, heavy rains and a 30-foot storm surge, causing massive damage to the area. Katrina came ashore during the high tide of 6:56AM, +2.3 feet more.[8] Commenting on the power of the storm and the damage, Mayor A.J. Holloway said, "This is our tsunami" [1]. Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour was quoted as saying the destruction of the Mississippi coastline by Hurricane Katrina looked like an American Hiroshima.
On the morning of August 31, 2005, in an interview on MSNBC, Governor Barbour stated that 90% of the buildings along the coast in Biloxi and neighboring Gulfport had been destroyed by the hurricane. Several of the "floating" casinos were torn off their supports and thrown inland, contributing to the damage. All coastal churches were destroyed or severely damaged.
Many churches were damaged, including St. Michael's Catholic Church (see photo at right), which was gutted by the storm surge, breaking the entry doors and stained-glass windows along the first floor; however, the interior was later removed, and the structure was still solid enough to allow repairing the church.
Hurricane Katrina damaged over 40 Mississippi libraries, flooding several feet in the Biloxi Public Library and breaking windows, beyond repair, requiring a total rebuild.[9]
Hurricane-force winds persisted for 17 hours and tore the branches off many coastal oak trees, but the tree trunks survived the 30-foot flood and many have since regrown smaller branches. Some reconstructed homes still have the antebellum appearance, and miles inland, with less flooding, shopping centers have re-opened.
Harrison County Coroner Gary T. Hargrove told the mayor and City Council that Hurricane Katrina had claimed 53 victims in Biloxi, as of January 30, 2006. Of the 53 confirmed fatalities in Biloxi, a figure that includes one unidentified male, Hargrove said the average age was 58, with youngest being 22 and oldest, 90; and 14 were females and 39 were males.
Biloxi is also the site of a well-known memorial to the Katrina victims, built by the crew and volunteers of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. [2]
Multiple plans have been laid out to rebuild the waterfront areas of Biloxi, and the federal government has recently announced that it is considering giving up to 17,000 Mississippi coast homeowners the option to sell their properties so that a vast hurricane-protection zone can be implemented.[10] Meanwhile, the city of Biloxi is rapidly implementing plans to allow the redevelopment of commercial properties south of highway 90.[11]
[edit] Demographics
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1870 | 954 |
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| 1880 | 1,540 | 61.4% | |
| 1890 | 3,234 | 110% | |
| 1900 | 5,457 | 68.7% | |
| 1910 | 8,049 | 47.5% | |
| 1920 | 10,937 | 35.9% | |
| 1930 | 14,850 | 35.8% | |
| 1940 | 17,475 | 17.7% | |
| 1950 | 37,425 | 114.2% | |
| 1960 | 44,035 | 17.7% | |
| 1970 | 48,486 | 10.1% | |
| 1980 | 49,311 | 1.7% | |
| 1990 | 46,319 | −6.1% | |
| 2000 | 50,644 | 9.3% | |
| Est. 2006 | 44,342 | −12.4% | |
Biloxi is the smaller of two principal cities of the Gulfport-Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Gulport-Biloxi-Pascagoula Combined Statistical Area.
As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 50,644 people, 19,588 households, and 12,379 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,331.8/sq mi (514.2/km²). There were 22,115 housing units at an average density of 581.6/sq mi (224.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 71.43% White, 19.04% African American, 0.49% Native American, 5.11% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.43% from other races, and 2.38% from two or more races. 3.65% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 19,588 households, out of which 31.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.8% are non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.6% had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size is 3.02.
In the city the population was spread out with 24.2% under the age of 18, 14.3% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 101.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,106, and the median income for a family was $40,685.
Males had a median income of $28,046 versus $21,267 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,809. 14.6% of the population and 11.2% of families lived below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 19.6% of those under the age of 18 and 11.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Biloxi is served by Gulfport, Mississippi's Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport.
[edit] Education
The City of Biloxi is served by the Biloxi Public School District and the Harrison County School District.
[edit] Casinos
Biloxi has become home to several casino resort hotels, with 24-hour gambling, concert entertainment shows, and several restaurants. Some of the casino resorts are the following:[7]
- Imperial Palace re-opened as IP Hotel & Casino on Dec. 22, 2005.
- Isle of Capri Casino Resort re-opened in late December 2005.
- Palace Casino Resort re-opened in late December 2005.
- Beau Rivage Resort & Casino re-opened August 29, 2006, on the first anniversary of Hurricane Katrina.
- Boomtown Casino re-opened in 2006.
- Hard Rock Hotel & Casino, which had initially hoped to open for post-Katrina business in Summer 2006, but opened later than expected in June of 2007.
- Treasure Bay Casino Resort re-opened in summer 2006.
- Grand Biloxi is re-opened and has built a casino in its formerly named Bayview Hotel.
- Bacaran Bay Resort is being redesigned and will soon be under construction on Caillavet Street between IP Hotel and Casino and Beau Rivage.
- Jimmy Buffet's Margaritaville Casino and Resort, announced by Harrah's to be built on the site of the old Grand Casino Biloxi and Casino Magic properties.
- Island View Casino Resort is nearby Gulfport's only casino and home to one of world-famous chef Emeril Lagasse's restaurants.
- The Silver Slipper was the first land-based casino to open following Hurricane Katrina. This beachfront resort is located in Bay St. Louis, west of Biloxi.
- Hollywood Casino is also a Bay St. Louis property that includes an on-site golf course and movie cinema decor.
- Biloxi's neighbor D'Iberville will be home to former MGM exec Peter Simon's newly approved casino The Monarch.
- D'Iberville will also be the future home of Royal D'Iberville Casino Resort, a newly approved project.
- Bayview Casino Resort will begin construction in January 2008 on the Back Bay of Biloxi.
- Vue Crescente Resort has begun its application to house a casino within its new twin 30 floor condo towers that are being built on the Back Bay of Biloxi.
- Tivoli Resort, The Ocean Club, and a Long Beach project are recently proposed casino additions to the metro area.
[edit] Transportation
Biloxi's main highway is U.S. Highway 90 (Beach Boulevard), which runs along the beach and by the casinos. It connects the city to Gulfport and points westward and to Ocean Springs and Pascagoula to the east. The Biloxi-Ocean Springs Bridge across Biloxi Bay was rebuilt following Hurricane Katrina, and was fully reopened in April 2008.
Through the northern sections of the city, Interstate 10 passes through, connecting the city to New Orleans, Louisiana, Houston, Texas, Mobile, Alabama and Jacksonville, Florida. Interstate 110 splits off from I-10 at D'Iberville and heads south across the Back Bay of Biloxi to U.S. 90 near Beau Rivage, providing the city with an important hurricane evacuation route.
Other highways serving the area include:
- Mississippi Highway 15 (Runs concurrent with I-110 for the first few miles)
- Mississippi Highway 67
[edit] Sports
In the center of what fisheries biologists term "The Fertile Fisheries Crescent", Biloxi offers some of the finest sportsfishing along the entire northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Spotted seatrout, red drum, Spanish and king mackerel, flounder, snapper, grouper, sharks, and more are all available to anglers during the fishing season. It is not known how Hurricane Katrina affected this ecosystem.
The city is home to the Mississippi Sea Wolves, an ECHL minor league hockey team.
[edit] Notable residents
- Matt Barlow, heavy metal singer
- Fred Haise, Apollo 13/Space Shuttle Enterprise astronaut
- Chris LeDoux, country singer
- Eric Roberts, actor
- Belladonna, adult film star
- Hector Camacho, former world champion boxer
- Jefferson Davis, US Army General and West Point graduate; first and only President of the Confederate States of America
- Damion Fletcher, University of Southern Mississippi award winning running back
- Jimmy Buffett, singer and writer
- George E. Ohr, artist who broke new ground in the late 1890s with his experimental modern clay forms
- Edward Charles Edmond Barq, entrepreneur and co-creator of Barq's Root Beer
- Robin Roberts,TV/Radio/Media personality for ABC and ESPN.
- Ronald Dupree a professional basketball player.
- 3 Doors Down, rock band
- Jessica Alba, actress
- Jimmy Bertrand, jazz drummer
- Ted Hawkins, singer/songwriter
- Danielle Fishel, actress/competitive eater
[edit] In fiction
- Jimmy Buffett commenting on his business ventures in Biloxi: “I have always considered myself a Gulf Coast kid. I was born there, grew up there and jumped on a stage for the first time there, before hitting the road. I have seen the world, traveled to distant shores, written a few songs and lived a few tall tales along the way, and now it is good to be coming back home.”
- Biloxi is the setting of Neil Simon's play and film Biloxi Blues, which starred Mathew Broderick. Biloxi Blues is the story of army recruits training at Keesler Field, the former name of the present day Keesler Air Force Base during World War II.
- Biloxi is the setting of several John Grisham novels, including The Runaway Jury, The Summons, The Firm, The Partner, and The Last Juror.
- In F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, a man named "Blocks" Biloxi from Biloxi, Mississippi crashes Tom and Daisy Buchanon's wedding.
- The G.I. Joe character Marvin F. Hinton ("Roadblock") was born in Biloxi, Mississippi.
- The film Private Benjamin starring Goldie Hawn is partially set in Biloxi.
- In the Twilight series, Alice Cullen has a niece living in Biloxi.
- In the show Family Matters, Steve Urkel's cousin Myrtle Urkel, who frequently chases Eddie Winslow when she visits Chicago, is from Biloxi, Mississippi.
- American singer/songwriter Jesse Winchester once wrote and recorded a song called Biloxi, for which he was inspired by a few images he saw of the city.
- RFC 3261 SIP: Session Initiation Protocol, the authors use Biloxi in an example to explain how a call is made through two SIP proxies.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Biloxi is pronounced /bəˈlʌksi/ or "Bah-luck-see".
- ^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ a b "La Louisiane française" (in French), by Virginie Tanlay, from book Histoire de la Louisiane, webpage: [flfa.free.fr/enquete7.htm flfa-enquete7]: states that Iberville chose "le site de Bilocci" (or Biloxi).
- ^ "Pas-Kaart Van de Golff van Mexico" (map from Amsterdam/1710), Edge of the Map Incorporated, 2007, webpage: Raremaps-Archive-3176.
- ^ "A New Map of as much of North & South America" (London/1725), Edge of the Map Incorporated, 2007, webpage: Raremaps-Archive-7278.
- ^ a b "Tentative re-opening plans for Biloxi casino resorts" (2006), City of Biloxi, www.Biloxi.ms.us, webpage:Biloxi-Casinos.
- ^ "2005 NOAA Tide Predictions: Biloxi (Cadet Point), Biloxi Bay" (2005), tide on 29-Aug-2005, NOAA, web: NOAA-tide-tables.
- ^ "Hurricane Katrina Related Damages to Public Libraries in Mississippi" (September 2005), Mississippi Library Commission, web:ALA-Katrina.
- ^ Gov't May Buy Thousands of Miss. Homes AP via Google News. Retrieved October 17, 2007.
- ^ Beachfront Development On Biloxi's Front Burner WLOX News. Retrieved on October 17, 2007.
- ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
[edit] References
- "Tentative re-opening plans for Biloxi casino resorts", City of Biloxi, April 2006, webpage: Biloxi-MS-Casinos.
[edit] External links
- Official web page
- Photographs of Hurricane Katrina's destruction on Mississippi's Gulf Coast from davidmetraux.com
- History of Biloxi's Jewish community (from the Institute of Southern Jewish Life)
- The Sun-Herald
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