Ashuri alphabet
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The Ashuri alphabet is a formal script used in certain Jewish ceremonial items, including Sefer Torah, Mezuzah, Tefillin & Megillah. It is also referred to as the “square” script or Assyrian script.
There are many rules concerning the proper formation of letters if the written text is to be valid for religious purposes. [1]
The Ashkenaz, Sefard, Chabad (Lubavitch), and Am Mizrachi (Iraqi Jews) each have their own calligraphic tradition in the method by which each letter is formed, however the final shape of each letter conforms to the legal standard regardless of the calligrapher. While the shapes of the letters are the same, styles can be quite different. Generally, while each tradition favors their own calligraphic style as preferable, none consider the tradition of the other posul (invalid) for Sifrei Torah (Torah scrolls) or any other ritually used scroll or parchment.
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