Vickers Vildebeest
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- Vildebeest redirects here. You may be looking for Wildebeest.
| Vildebeest / Vincent | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Type | Torpedo Bomber / Army Co-operation |
| Manufacturer | Vickers |
| Maiden flight | 1928 |
| Introduction | 1933 |
| Retired | 1942 |
| Primary users | Royal Air Force Royal New Zealand Air Force Spain |
The Vickers Vildebeest and the similar Vickers Vincent were two very large 2- to 3-seat single-engined British biplanes designed and built by Vickers and used as a light bomber, torpedo bomber and in the army cooperation roles. While first flown in 1928, it remained in service at the start of the Second World War, with the last Vildebeests flying against Japanese forces over Singapore and Java in 1942.
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[edit] Design and development
Designed against RAF specification 24/25, for a land based torpedo bomber to replace the Hawker Horsley the prototype Vildebeest, the Vickers Type 132, was first flown in April 1928, powered by a Bristol Jupiter VIII radial engine. [1] After initial evaluation, the Vildebeest was shortlisted for evaluation with the Blackburn Beagle and Handley Page Hare. As the Jupiter VIII was prone to vibration, a second prototype was fitted with a Armstrong Siddeley Panther engine, and this was selected as the winner of the contest.
The Vildebeest had an all metal, fabric covered airframe, with single bay unstaggered wings. An initial production order was placed in 1931 for nine aircraft, with deliveries starting in September 1932.
[edit] Vildebeest Variants
The Vildebeest was built in progressive Marks.
- Mark I
- 22 for RAF.
- Mark II
- 30 for RAF.
- Mark III
- 193 for RAF, 10 of which were diverted to the RNZAF as well as 12 originally ordered by the RNZAF, which had folding wings and the ability to carry drop tanks.
- Mark IV
- 18 for RAF, 17 of which were diverted to the RNZAF, receiving Bristol Pegasus engines of higher power. It was initially intended to replace the Fairey IIIF.
[edit] Vincent
The Vincent was developed from the Vildebeest as a Westland Wapiti replacement to satisfy operational requirement 16/34. Differences were minimal. All had the 660 hp Bristol Pegasus IIM3A. Early Vincents carried a message pick-up hook and fuel links for a drop tank and deleted the torpedo attachments. Between 1934 and 1936, 196 Vincents were built for the RAF or converted from Vildebeest - 60 or 62 of these machines, (depending on source), were passed on to the RNZAF.
[edit] Operation history
[edit] United Kingdom
The type was purchased in moderately large numbers by the Royal Air Force from 1931 and used as a torpedo bomber. It entered service with No. 100 Squadron in 1932. Trials were conducted in India with a Vildebeest in the Army co-operation role leading to the 'development' of the Vincent, by deleting the torpedo equipment and adding provision for a drop tank instead. 101 Vildebeest and Vincents remained in service at the outbreak of World War II, serving in Aden, Iraq, Sudan and Egypt. British machines in Singapore saw action against the Japanese invasion fleet off Malaya in December 1941. Operational use ended in 1942, and the last hacks were retired in 1944.
[edit] Spain
The Vildebeest was ordered by Spain in 1934 and licence production of 27 Vildebeest was undertaken in Spain by CASA most receiving the Hispano-Suiza HS 600 inline engine, though some other engines were also used. Around 20 survived to fight on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War, some equipped with floats. A Vildebeest was the first victim of Francoist ace Joaquin Garcia-Morato.
[edit] New Zealand
99 were purchased by the Royal New Zealand Air Force for coastal defence from 1935. Kiwi Vildebeest were also used for photo mapping. A few were used for maritime patrols against German surface raiders, and Japanese submarines, (a handful were based in Fiji in December 1941), but the main war time role of the New Zealand aircraft was as particularly unwieldy pilot trainers, until replaced by North American Harvards in 1942.
[edit] Operators
- Royal Air Force
- No. 5 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 7 Squadron RAF - Vildebeests used for trials
- No. 8 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 22 Squadron RAF - Vildebeest
- No. 27 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 28 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 31 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 36 Squadron RAF - Vildebeest
- No. 42 Squadron RAF - Vildebeest
- No. 45 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 47 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 55 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 84 Squadron RAF - Vincent. Vildebeests used for tropical trials
- No. 100 Squadron RAF - Vildebeest
- No. 207 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 223 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 244 Squadron RAF - Vincent
- No. 273 Squadron RAF - Vildebeest
- No. 1430 Flight RAF
[edit] Survivors
A Vildebeest/Vincent composite airframe is being restored by the Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum at Wigram from the substantially complete remains of Vildebeest Mark III NZ102, but incorporating parts identified as coming from Vildebeest NZ105 and Vincents NZ355 and 357. A Vincent (NZ311) has nearly completed restoration to static display by the Subritzky family near Auckland, New Zealand. A Spanish Vildebeest is rumoured to have survived.
[edit] Specifications (Vildebeest III)
General characteristics
- Crew: three, pilot, navigator, and observer
- Length: 36 ft 8 in (11.18 m)
- Wingspan: 49 ft 0 in (14.94 m)
- Height: 14 ft 8 in (4.47 m)
- Wing area: 728 ft² (68 m²)
- Empty weight: 4,773 lb (2,165 kg)
- Loaded weight: 8,500 lb (3,856 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: lb (kg)
- Powerplant: 1× Bristol Pegasus II-M3 radial, 635 hp (474 kW)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 143 mph (230 km/h)
- Range: 630 mi (1,014 km)
- Service ceiling 17,000 ft (5,182 m)
- Rate of climb: 630 ft/min (3.2 m/s)
- Wing loading: 12 lb/ft² (57 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 0.07 hp/lb (0.12 kW/kg)
Armament
- 1× fixed, forward-firing .303 Vickers machine gun
- 1× flexible, rearward-firing .303 Lewis machine gun
- 1,000 lb (454 kg) of bombs or
- 1 × 18 in (457 mm) torpedo
[edit] See also
Related development
- Vickers Type 132
- Vickers Type 204
- Vickers Type 245
Comparable aircraft
Related lists
[edit] References
- ^ Mason, Francis K (1994). The British Bomber since 1914. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, p,200-203. ISBN 0 85177 861 5.
[edit] External links
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