Tuxedo Mask
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Tuxedo Mask | |
|---|---|
| Sailor Moon character | |
 Tuxedo Mask/Tuxedo Kamen, as depicted in the manga. |
|
| First appearance | (See below) |
| Created by | Naoko Takeuchi |
| Played by | (See below) |
| Profile | |
| Aliases | Mamoru Chiba Prince Endymion King Endymion Moonlight Knight (anime) Dark Prince Endymion (PGSM) Endou |
| Age | 17-19 (manga)[1] Early twenties (anime)[citation needed] |
| Date of birth | August 3 (Leo) |
| Affiliations | Sailor Team Dark Kingdom (while brainwashed) Shadow Galactica (manga) |
| Abilities | Various, mostly natural; psychometry |
| English adaptation | |
| Name | Darien Chiba/Shields |
| Aliases | Prince Darien (DIC dub) |
Tuxedo Mask (タキシード仮面 Takishīdo Kamen?) is the primary male protagonist of the Sailor Moon metaseries. His real name is Mamoru Chiba (地場 衛 Chiba Mamoru?, Darien in the English versions), but he disguises himself in order to support the series' central heroines, the Sailor Senshi. Wearing a mask to conceal his identity, he interferes with enemy operations and offers the Senshi advice, sometimes physically aiding them in battle.
English-speaking fans use both "Tuxedo Mask" and the Japanese "Tuxedo Kamen" when calling this character by his codename. He is best known as he appears in the anime — a mysterious, rose-throwing source of encouragement.
Contents |
[edit] Profile
Mamoru Chiba is the major romantic interest of Usagi Tsukino. He is often portrayed as stoic, steady and introverted. When he was young his parents died in a car crash. This blocked his childhood memories of his current lifetime and opened up the memories of his previous life as Prince Endymion.[2] When this happened he started to see Princess Serenity in his dreams. Early in the manga, he seeks the Silver Crystal because he is convinced that this will restore his memories fully. He also is the character that gets brainwashed and captured the most throughout the series.
Mamoru and Usagi are boyfriend and girlfriend during the series. They were not always on good terms--in both the manga and anime he and Usagi were antagonistic towards each other when they first met and only developed romantic feelings later on. For the manga those feelings developed before their identities were discovered;[3] for the anime they showed shortly before their identities were revealed in an elevator.[4] Once they became a couple, they became deeply devoted to each other and their love survives many trials. In the manga they briefly show jealousy in Volume 8, Act 25. Also in the anime they break up in Episode 61, but get back together in Episode 77 when King Endymion sent nightmares to Mamoru making him believe if he stayed with Usagi, she would die. He is always addressed as Mamo-chan by Usagi throughout the series during this time period (Chibiusa also addresses him with this nickname later on). After dating for two years, Mamoru gives Usagi an engagement ring at an airport. [5] The couple eventually gets married. In the future, they become king and queen and have a child together whom they name, Small Lady, but is in the majority of the series known as Chibiusa.
The manga develops Mamoru more extensively, showing that the car crash happened on his birthday and gives a glimpse of his parents.[6] Mamoru also struggles with his identity throughout the manga, first as who he really is, then later if he's in the way of the Sailor Soldiers.[7] A fair amount of subtle characterization is made for Mamoru, and later extending his role within the manga as to who he is.[8] He also is given the power of psychometry, which also showed up in the anime, but was not given a name. This manifests in his ability to see and read dreams (Such as Chibiusa's), heal people and monitor the status of the Earth. This was not fully developed until the Black Moon arc, and was used occasionally throughout the series.[9] Mamoru also has his left ear pierced in the manga, a trait that does not carry over to his anime counterpart.
The anime tends not to develop Mamoru as much, however, he is shown to be more social than his manga counterpart. He's interested in a variety of subjects and is shown as smart.[10] He also dated Rei Hino for a short time before all the past life identities were revealed, but the relationship did not develop very deeply; Rei and Mamoru broke up after it was discovered that Usagi was Princess Serenity.[11]
Tuxedo Mask's importance in the manga is significantly larger. In fact, many of Sailor Moon's transformations and final victories come as a result of her and Tuxedo Mask fusing their powers together. In the final battle against the Dark Kingdom, Queen Metaria absorbed Sailor Moon and Tuxedo Mask into her body. However, they were able to combine their powers through the Silver Crystal to destroy Queen Metaria from within.[12] He also combines his power into Super Sailor Moon's last item in the manga with the rest of the soldiers using the Golden Crystal.[13] In the Infinity story arc, he combined his powers with Sailor Moon to create the next septer.[14]
The manga tends to show Mamoru as quiet, studious, mysterious and stoic. He is often shown being admired by the student body of his high school for these qualities.[15] The anime also tends to make him appear in every episode to save Sailor Moon's life. He did have a few attacks that resemble what would seem like some of the attacks in the manga, but these are not given actual names within the anime.
The dub did not make too many significant changes to his character. He is a bit more extroverted than his original anime counterpart in the voicing. Darien was more likely to yell and get annoyed than Mamoru of the anime, who was often quiet and distant, even when he was annoyed. A line was also added to an episode in the dub that claimed Darien used to be a model, but this was never referred to again. The original line had Mamoru talking about the attractiveness of a girl's character being more important than physical beauty.[16] It also invented karate as one of his hobbies, which was only mentioned in one episode and never mentioned in the original.[specify]
In the musicals, Mamoru protects Usagi and is generally by her side. Several of his relationships change from musical to musical, however. For example, in one musical it's revealed that Queen Beryl was Mamoru's fiancé from his time as Prince of the Earth. Associating with the Moon Kingdom was against Earth law, and Endymion violated this law when he associated with Princess Serenity. In this version of events, Serenity and Endymion are outlaws (similar to Romeo and Juliet) who drive an otherwise innocent woman, Beryl, to evil by making her jealous.[17] Sailor Pluto also reveals that she is in love with Endymion, though she has contented herself with watching from afar.[18]
Another variation occurs in the Ryuusei Densetsu musical, when Mamoru is not killed by Galaxia and instead is able to fight alongside the Senshi. Mamoru is typically very involved in Senshi battles, fighting alongside the Senshi as opposed to his anime role of throwing a rose and then letting Sailor Moon deliver the finishing blow.
Tuxedo Mask always gets his own song, though they vary from musical to musical. In one musical, there were multiple songs as both the present Mamoru appeared as Tuxedo Mask and later King Endymion appeared in disguise as Space Knight to look out for Chibiusa.[19]
In the live action version, Mamoru is a much more silent, yet dedicated person. He is in search of the Silver Crystal due to his amnesia and dreams that told him that the magical object could restore his memories. To do this, he donned the Tuxedo Kamen disguise and became a thief, searching for the legendary crystal. Once his memories of his past and present lives were restored, he assumed his Endymion form to help the Senshi and tried his best to protect Usagi from the dangers of overusing the Silver Crystal. However, this went a bit too far when he joined the Dark Kingdom to understand more of the link between the Silver Crystal and Metaria. Learning that the Silver Crystal made Metaria stronger every time Sailor Moon used it, Endymion took Metaria into his body before succumbing to its dark power. Now an evil parody of himself, Dark Prince Endymion, he almost killed Sailor Mercury when Sailor Moon was forced to kill him to stop Metaria. He was revived once Sailor Moon managed to finally control the Crystal's power and destroyed Metaria for good.
[edit] Aspects and forms
| Form | Manga | Anime | Live-action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mamoru Chiba | Act 1 | Ep. 1 | Act 1 |
| Tuxedo Mask | Act 1 | Ep. 1 | Act 1 |
| Prince Endymion | Act 9 | Ep. 35 | Act 25 |
| Evil/Dark Endymion | Act 10 | Ep. 36 | Act 48 |
| Moonlight Knight | -- | Ep. 49 | -- |
| King Endymion | Act 18 | Ep. 83 | -- |
As a character with different incarnations, special powers, transformations and a long lifetime virtually spanned between the Silver Millennium era and the 30th century, Mamoru gains multiple aspects and aliases as the series progresses.
[edit] Tuxedo Mask
Tuxedo Mask is a disguise Mamoru created for himself in order to hunt for the Silver Crystal incognito and, later, assist the Sailor Senshi in battle. In addition to his white mask, he wears a black tuxedo with a black cape (lined red), and in the anime and live-action series carries a black cane which he uses like a sword.
In the manga he starts out as an ordinary thief who is trying to get the Silver Crystal. Luna initially tells Usagi not to trust him, but relents when they begin to fall in love and his true identity is revealed. His assistance is not confined to that of a rescuer so much as in the anime—it is frequently Sailor Moon who saves him from danger.
The anime has him standing on poles, defying gravity, and being more of a "swoop-in" type. Here he is less developed, and has no special powers or named attacks, but remains a constant force in helping the Sailor Senshi throughout the series when they are in trouble. At the beginning he can't control the transformation and his body automatically (and painfully) transforms if Sailor Moon is in danger. By the end of the first story arc he can willingly activate the transformation; in a stylized henshin sequence, this is indicated by pulling a rose out of his pocket, which then changes colors, and his tuxedo and mask fly in.[20] Later in the series he is shown transforming instantaneously.[21]
His role as a hero is reinforced in the fourth story arc, especially in the manga, where it is revealed that he possesses the Golden Crystal—the Sailor Crystal of the Earth.
[edit] Prince Endymion
Endymion (エンディミオン Endimion?, called Prince Darien in the English-language anime) was the Crown Prince of planet Earth during the Silver Millennium. He had four guardians, the Shitennou, who protected him just as the Guardian Senshi did Serenity, the Princess of the Moon. He and Princess Serenity fell in love, and often disobeyed their parents when it came to seeing one another. Partly because of this, the Dark Kingdom was able to create war between the Earth and Moon; the Shitennou defected to help the Dark Kingdom, but Endymion fought for peace and swore to protect Princess Serenity. In the manga, Beryl killed Endymion and upon witnessing this, Princess Serenity killed herself in sorrow. In the anime, Queen Metaria killed them both. Prince Endymion is reincarnated in the 20th century as Mamoru Chiba.
In the manga, Prince Endymion is often portrayed as the silent protagonist, his past life shrouded in mystery. Mamoru usually does not transform into Prince Endymion willfully as a power up. He was brainwashed by Queen Metaria of the Dark Kingdom for a while during the first story arc, and was referred to as "Endou." Endou was supposed to be a friend of Motoki's, but the original Endou was killed by the evil Mamoru, and Motoki was brainwashed into believing dark Mamoru was his friend Endou. During his time serving the Dark Kingdom Mamoru appears as an evil form of Endymion, to emotionally unhinge Sailor Moon during combat.[22] In the anime, Mamoru can transform into Prince Endymion. Often this occurs when Sailor Moon transforms into Princess Serenity. As in the manga, he wears black armor.
In the live-action series, Endymion wears white, and after obtaining this form it becomes Mamoru's primary combat form. He seems to gain the power of teleportation, a power shared by the Shitennou. After he takes Metaria into his body the armor becomes black, and gains a shroud and black versions of some of the accessories the Shitennou wear. Remnants of the white armor can be seen underneath.
[edit] King Endymion
Later in the series, Mamoru is shown as King Endymion, King of 30th century Crystal Tokyo. He is the husband of Neo-Queen Serenity, and father of Chibiusa. As king of Crystal Tokyo his royal garments are a white and lavender tuxedo, as well as a royal staff. When first introduced in the manga, he was a computer mirage of himself.
King Endymion's first appearance is at the end of manga Act 18. He is not actually in a physical form but a spiritual entity guarding the Crystal Castle while his real body sleeps. During this time he helps to guide the Sailor Senshi and his past self against the evil Dead Moon Kingdom. It is then revealed to the Senshi that Mamoru never aged due to the Silver Crystal's power. It is the ghost of King Endymion who instructs Tuxedo Mask in the first use of his attack "Tuxedo La Smoking Bomber." Prince Endymion becomes King at the end of the battle with the Dead Moon Circus when Helios, the priest of his former home, Elysion, hands him his sacred golden crystal atop his king's staff, after which both Tuxedo Mask and Sailor Moon turn into their respective future selves, all of the Sailor Senshi transform into their princess forms, and Artemis states "it's like a coronation ceremony". In the manga Mamoru is never seen in his kingly vestments again.
In the anime, King Endymion is only shown in the future as the father of Small Lady and the King of Crystal Tokyo. He is never shown to fight in battle, and again, as before is first shown as a computerized image. From what Diana says in SuperS, the King likes to fake being sick along with the Queen to get out of attending "stuffy" meetings, and is always just fine after they're through. In the English dub, he was not referred to as Endymion; only the "King of the Earth" or "The King".
[edit] Moonlight Knight
The Moonlight Knight (月影の騎士 tsukikage no naito?, literally "knight of moon shadow") appears only in the anime for the first half of Sailor Moon R, the Makaiju arc. When Usagi wished to be a normal girl at the end of the first series, everyone's memories were hidden, including Mamoru's. However, Mamoru subconsciously still wanted to protect Usagi, so his memories separated from him and concentrated into the Moonlight Knight. The Moonlight Knight could co-exist in the same space and time as Mamoru. Like with Tuxedo Mask, Usagi thought every cute guy she knew was him, and was surprised when she discovered who he was. Once Mamoru recovered his memories, the Moonlight Knight disappeared and rejoined with Mamoru. Mamoru returned to being Tuxedo Mask after that point. The Moonlight Knight mainly dresses in Arabian robes and carries a saber. He also throws white roses, instead of Tuxedo Mask's trademark red roses. Moonlight Knight may be a reference to Moonlight Mask, another Japanese superhero.
[edit] Special powers and items
Even in civilian form, Mamoru demonstrates a variety of psychic powers throughout each series. In both the anime and manga, he uses psychometry to read past, present, and future events through touch,[23] and heals others' wounds through psychokinesis.[24] Inconsistently, he is shown teleporting; just once in the anime, while under Queen Beryl's power,[25] and several times as Prince Endymion in the live-action series.
Mamoru also demonstrates a spiritual connection with Usagi, as he can detect when she has transformed into Sailor Moon.[26] Early on in the anime series, before they are friends, this connection forcibly transforms Mamoru into Tuxedo Mask so that he can protect her.[27] In later episodes he seems to have control over his transformations, although he still shows up shortly after the start of most any battle, no matter how far he is away from the action.[28]
On one occasion in the anime, Tuxedo Mask is given a stylized transformation sequence, with his tuxedo and accessories forming around him as he flings a rose. No special phrase is shouted, although his voice actor jokingly ad-libbed the line, "Tuxedo Power! Make up!"[29] He is also given a joke transformation in the live-action series, using the same phrase, which is a part of an outrageous story he tells Usagi about how he became Tuxedo Mask. This transformation is initiated with a special band-aid, and the sequence consists of Mamoru pulling on his pants and coat with dramatic flair.[30]
Once transformed, Tuxedo Mask displays additional powers. In the anime, these are mainly physical, while in the manga they are rare and magical. His iconic mainstay in the anime is the use of roses, thrown like darts to injure or distract enemies.[31] He can also twirl them or throw a wide array to block attacks,[32] or can throw many at a time to pin an enemy down.[33] He seems to have an unlimited supply of these roses, which are preternaturally strong and embed themselves in most any material, including concrete. In addition, when Mamoru takes on different forms or aspects, his roses change color accordingly. Tuxedo Mask's roses are red, the evil Prince Endymion's are black (and electrified), and the Moonlight Knight's are white.
His secondary weapon is his cane, which is often used as a sword,[34] and which can extend its length, either to attack or to rescue people.[35] As both Prince Endymion and Moonlight Knight, he uses real swords of different styles. His only named attack in the anime is "Tuxedo Action," which appears in the Sailor Moon R movie and consists of spinning a top at his enemy.
In the manga, Tuxedo Mask can blast energy from his hand, crying "Tuxedo La Smoking Bomber!" He also has a combination attack with his daughter, Sailor Chibi Moon: "Pink Sugar Tuxedo Attack."[36] This attack is reproduced in the musicals.
Mamoru's most important magical possession in the manga is the Golden Crystal, which serves as both his star seed and as the Sailor Crystal of the Earth. He uses it in combination with Sailor Moon's Silver Crystal to defend the solar system.[37] In the anime, although Mamoru has the "golden star seed" of Earth, it is a separate item from the Golden Crystal, which instead is possessed by Pegasus and can be used by people with good intentions.[38]
[edit] Development
Takeuchi designed the character as her own ideal of a man,[39] describing him as "strong, silent, unshakeable, a little like Captain Harlock".[40] In his persona as Tuxedo Mask, he was originally supposed to "have more mysteries and take a greater role".[41]
The name "Mamoru Chino" was the prototypical name for Makoto Kino.[42] The kanji in Mamoru's surname translate as "earth" (地 chi?) and "place" (場 ba?). Together, they form the term "local", with a pun on his identity as Endymion, Prince of Earth. His given name, meaning "protect" (衛 mamoru?), is a reflection of his personality and role in the series. His name in the English version of the anime, Darien, also means "protector". He rarely uses his surname, but when he does it is retained as Chiba; however, he was given the full name Darien Shields for the English manga. In DiC's first promo for the dub, he was referred to as "The Masked Tuxedo". A preliminary dub name for Mamoru, that appeared on Kodansha's English website in an advertisement for the series, was said to be Mark.
Naoko Takeuchi's original codename for Tuxedo Mask was "Mysterious 2098 Face". She later expressed bewilderment at herself for the idea.[43]
Tohru Furuya expressed in a making of extra that he had an influence on the development of the anime persona of Tuxedo Mask. When asked if there are any differences between the anime and manga counterparts, he answered, "I'm driving" was his adlib. Because of this, Tuxedo Mask became more comical. [44]
The name Endymion is particularly appropriate, as a reference to Greek mythology. The Greek Endymion is the lover of Selene, Greek goddess of the moon.
[edit] Reception and influence
The official Sailor Moon character popularity polls listed Mamoru Chiba, Tuxedo Mask, and Endymion as separate entities. In 1992, readers ranked Tuxedo Mask as the twelfth most popular character, Prince Endymion as the fifteenth most popular character, and Mamoru Chiba as the sixteenth most popular character out of thirty eight choices.[45] One year later, now with fifty choices, King Endymion was the eighteenth most popular character, while Tuxedo Mask and Mamoru were the twentieth and twenty-first respectively.[46] Moonlight Knight, being an anime only form, was never included in the manga popularity polls.
Although Takeuchi herself was fond of Mamoru, she has said that friends complained to her about Usagi being in love with "such a useless guy".[47]
He has been described as being both a "dashing hero" and a "boy-damsel in distress".[48]
[edit] Actors
In the Japanese anime series and movies, Mamoru Chiba is voiced by veteran voice actor Tōru Furuya.[49]
In the English adaptations, the voice of "Darien Chiba" is providced by Rino Romano (episodes 1-11), Toby Proctor (episodes 12-65) and Vince Corazza (episodes 66-159, and the movies).[50]
In the stage musicals, Mamoru has been played by 8 actors: Mizuki Sano, Yuuta Mochizuki, Yuuta Enomoto, Hironari Amano, Hidemasa Edo, Kenji Urai, Yuu Shirota, and Gyo Miyamoto.[51] Creator Naoko Takeuchi has described Sano's portrayal of Mamoru as "a cute, sweet boy".[52] Yuuta Mochizuki, the longest-running among the musical actors, went on on to perform as King Endymion during Fumina Hara's musicals.[53]
In the live action series Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, Mamoru is played by Jyouji Shibue.[54](After PGSM, he went on to play Iori Izumi (Kamen Rider Ibuki) in Kamen Rider Hibiki. Tokusatsu fans jokingly call him "Tuxedo Kamen Rider.")[citation needed]
[edit] References
- ^ Sailormoon Channel. Retrieved on 2007-03-13. (Japanese) Official website. Mamoru's character profile is in the Moon Prism Box section.
- ^ Act 3, Volume 1
- ^ Volume 1 Act 3
- ^ Episode 34
- ^ Volume 16, Act 43
- ^ Volume 1 Act 3
- ^ Volume 13, Act 37 shows Mamoru sick in bed when the shitennou appear.
- ^ Volume 15, Act 42
- ^ Volume 5, Act 23; Episode 60
- ^ Episode 108
- ^ Episode 38
- ^ Volume 5, Act 13
- ^ Volume 15, Act 42
- ^ Episode 91
- ^ Volume 5, Act 16
- ^ Episode 17, Dub Episode 14
- ^ Sera Myu, Shin Densetsu Kourin
- ^ Onna No Ronsou. Retrieved on 2006-08-06. - A Sailor Pluto and Queen Beryl duet about their love for Endymion.
- ^ Sailor Moon Musical, Kaguya Shima Densetsu and its revision, Kaguya Shima Densetsu Kaiteiban.
- ^ Episode 34.
- ^ Episode 113.
- ^ Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon: Mixx magazine #4
- ^ As in manga Act 14 and anime Episode 61.
- ^ As in manga Act 14 and anime Episodes 125 and 148.
- ^ Episode 36.
- ^ First seen in anime Episode 13.
- ^ Episode 19.
- ^ Episode 91, Tuxedo Mask was no where in sight... and suddenly appears.
- ^ Liner notes, manga volume 3.
- ^ Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, Act Zero, Tuxedo Mask's Secret Birth.
- ^ First seen in Episode 1.
- ^ As seen in episodes 63 and 68.
- ^ Episode 101.
- ^ Episode 66
- ^ Episodes 83 and 90.
- ^ Takeuchi, Naoko (July 6, 1995, August 8, 1995). "The Lover of Princess Kaguya", Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 11. Kodansha. ISBN 4-06-178809-4.
- ^ Takeuchi, Naoko (July 5, 1996). "Act 42", Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 15. Kodansha. ISBN 4-06-178835-3.
- ^ Episode 163.
- ^ Interview of Naoko Takeuchi at the San Diego Comic-con
- ^ Holzer, Stefanie; Mrs. Okishita from Kodansha (translator) (July / August 1999). "Interview mit Naoko Takeuchi" (in German). AnimaniA (30).
- ^ Takeuchi, Naoko (August 1994). Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume I Original Picture Collection. Kodansha. ISBN 4-06-324507-1.
- ^ Takeuchi, Naoko (June 1997). Bishoujo Senshi Sailormoon Original Picture Collection Volume Infinity. Available at MangaStyle.net.
- ^ Takeuchi, Naoko (October 23, 2003). "Punch!", Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon shinsouban Volume 3. Kodansha. ISBN 4-06-334783-4.
- ^ "Sailor Moon Omake Making Of". Sailor Moon. Toei, Tokyo. ~05.08.1993. "I'm driving" was from episode 10. In the making of, they are recording episode 54.
- ^ Takeuchi, Naoko (April 6, 1993). Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 3. Kodansha. ISBN 4-06-178744-6.
- ^ Takeuchi, Naoko (July 6, 1994). Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 7. Kodansha. ISBN 4-06-178781-0.
- ^ Takeuchi, Naoko (August 1997). Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume V Original Picture Collection. Kodansha. ISBN 4-06-324522-5.
- ^ Clements, Jonathan; Helen McCarthy (2001-09-01). The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917, 1st ed., Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press, p. 338. ISBN 1-880656-64-7. OCLC 47255331.
- ^ Doi, Hitoshi. Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon. Retrieved on 2006-10-06.
- ^ Chiang, Jackie. The Sailor Senshi Page: North American Dub. Retrieved on 2006-10-31.
- ^ eternal.legend. Retrieved on 2006-11-04.
- ^ Takeuchi, Naoko (September 1996). Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume III Original Picture Collection. Kodansha. ISBN 4-06-324518-7.
- ^ Sailor Moon Musical, 1998 Shin Densetsu Kourin, 1999 Kaguya Shima Densetsu and 1999 Kaguya Shima Densetsu kaiteiban
- ^ Nae; wasurenagusa; Hui, Andrea. Shingetsu. Retrieved on 2006-10-31.
[edit] See also
- Endymion (crater) - a lunar crater.
- Endymion (mythology)
- Earth
- Black tie
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