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Trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis is the name of several diseases in vertebrates caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma. More than 66 million women, men, and children in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa suffer from human African trypanosomiasis which is cause by either Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. The other human form of trypanosomiasis, called Chagas disease, causes 21,000 deaths per year [1] mainly in Latin America.
[edit] Human trypanosomiases
[edit] Animal trypanosomiases
Chagas endemic zones (in red)
- Nagana, or Animal African trypanosomiasis, also called 'Souma' or 'Soumaya' in Sudan.
- Surra
- Mal de caderas (of central South America)
- Murrina de caderas (of Panama; Derrengadera de caderas)
- Dourine
- Cachexial fevers (various)
- Gambian horse sickness (of central Africa)
- Baleri (of Sudan)
- Kaodzera (Rhodesian trypanosomiasis)
- Tahaga (a disease of camels in Algeria)
- Galziekte, galzietzke (bilious fever of cattle; gall sickness of South Africa)
- Peste-boba (of Venezuela; Derrengadera)
[edit] Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosing African trypanosomiasis requires the documentation of T.brucei in blood smears, lymph node aspirates, or CSF. [2] American trypanosomiasis is currently treated with a variety of antifungal agents, including Benznidazole and Nifurtimox.
[edit] References
- Report on Trypanosomes, Thomas, (London, 1905)
- Tropical diseases, Sir Patrick Manson, (fifth edition, London, 1914)
- Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, C. W. Daniels, (New York, 1914)
- The Trypanosomiases, I. Maudlin, P.H. Holmes, M.A. Miles (Wallingford, 2004)
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ Maya J.D.et al. 2007. Mode of Action of natural and synthetic drugs against Trypanosoma cruzi and their interaction with the mammals hosts. Comparative Biochemistry and physiol. Part A, 146: 601-620
- ^ Pepin J.2007 Editorial commentary Combination therapy for sleeping sickness:A wake up call. J Inf. dis.195,311-313
