Traditional Korean musical instruments
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Traditional Korean musical instruments comprise a wide range of string, wind, and percussion instruments.
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[edit] String
Korean string instruments include those that are plucked, bowed, and struck. Most Korean string instruments use silk strings, except as noted.
[edit] Plucked
- Gayageum (hangul: 가야금; hanja: 伽倻琴) - A long zither with 12 strings; modern versions may have 13, 17, 18, 21, 22, or 25 strings
- Geomungo (hangul: 거문고; hanja: 玄琴) - A fretted bass zither with six strings that is plucked with a bamboo stick
- Daejaeng (hangul: 대쟁; hanja: 大筝) - A long zither with 15 strings, slightly larger than the gayageum; it was used during the Goryeo period but is no longer usedphoto
- Seul (hangul: 슬; hanja: 瑟) - A long zither with 25 strings, derived from the Chinese se; used today only in Munmyo jeryeak (Confucian ritual music)photo
- Geum (hangul: 금; hanja: 琴) - A 7-stringed zither, derived from the Chinese guqin; also called chilheyongeum; used today only in Munmyo jeryeak (Confucian ritual music)photo
- Gonghu (hangul: 공후; hanja: 箜篌) - Harps (no longer used). There were four subtypes according to shape:
- Sogonghu (hangul: 소공후; hanja: 小箜篌; literally "small harp") - harp with angled sound box, 13 strings, and a peg that is tucked into the player's beltphoto
- Sugonghu (hangul: 수공후; hanja: 豎箜篌; literally "vertical harp") - vertical harp without sound box and 21 stringsphoto
- Wagonghu (hangul: 와공후; hanja: 臥箜篌; literally "lying down harp") - Arched harp with a large internal sound box and 13 stringsphoto
- Daegonghu (hangul: 대공후; hanja: 大箜篌) - large vertical harp with 23-strings
- Bipa (hangul: 비파; hanja: 琵琶) - A pear-shaped lute with four or five strings (subtypes include the 5-stringed hyangbipa, which is also called jikgyeongbipa; and the 4-stringed dangbipa); derived from the Chinese pipa; no longer used
- Wolgeum (hangul: 월금; hanja: 月琴) - A lute with a moon-shaped wooden body, four strings, and 13 frets; no longer used
- Cheolhyeongeum (hangul: 철현금; hanja: 鐵絃琴) - A steel-stringed zither plucked with a stick and played with a slide in the manner of a slide guitar, developed in the 20th centuryphoto 1photo 2
- Ongnyugeum (hangul: 옥류금; hanja: 玉流琴) - A large modernized box zither with 33 nylon-wrapped metal strings, developed in North Korea in 1973; pronounced ongryugeum in North Koreaphoto 1photo 2photo 3
[edit] Bowed
- Haegeum (hangul: 해금; hanja: 奚琴) - A vertical fiddle with two strings
- Ajaeng (hangul: 아쟁; hanja: 牙箏) - A bowed zither, derived from the Chinese yazheng
- Sohaegeum (hangul: 소해금) - A modernized fiddle with four strings; used only in North Koreaphoto 1photo 2
[edit] Struck
- Yanggeum (hangul: 양금; hanja: 洋琴) - A hammered dulcimer with metal strings, struck with a bamboo stick
[edit] Wind
[edit] Flutes
- Daegeum (hangul: 대금; hanja: 大琴 or 大笒) - A large transverse bamboo flute with buzzing membrane
- Junggeum (hangul: 중금; hanja: 中琴 or 中笒) - A medium-sized transverse bamboo flute without buzzing membrane
- Sogeum (hangul: 소금; hanja: 小琴 or 小笒) - A small transverse bamboo flute without buzzing membrane
- Danso (hangul: 단소; hanja: 短簫) - A small notched vertical bamboo flute
- Tungso (hangul: 퉁소; hanja: 洞簫) - A long notched vertical bamboo flute; originally called tongso; derived from the Chinese dongxiao
- Yak (hangul: 약; hanja: 籥) - A notched vertical bamboo flute with three finger holes; used in Confucian ritual music and dance
- Ji (hangul: 지; hanja: 篪) - An ancient vertical bamboo flute with a protruding notched blowhole and five finger holes (one in the back and four in the front), used only in aak; derived from the Chinese chí
- Jeok (hangul: 적; hanja: 翟) - An ancient flute of Chinese origin; used in court ritual music
- So (hangul: 소; hanja: 簫) - A pan flute; derived from the Chinese paixiao; used only in Munmyo jeryeak (Confucian ritual music)
- Dangjeok (hangul: 당적; hanja: 唐笛) - A small transverse bamboo flute of Chinese origin, slightly smaller than the junggeum
- Hun (hangul: 훈; hanja: 塤) - An ocarina made of baked clay
[edit] Oboes
- Piri (hangul: 피리; hanja: 觱篥) - A cylindrical oboe with a bamboo body. There are four varieties of piri:
- Taepyeongso (hangul: 태평소; hanja: 太平簫; also called hojok) - A conical oboe with a wooden body and metal bell
[edit] Mouth organs
- Saenghwang (hangul: 생황; hanja: 笙簧) - A free reed mouth organ with 17 bamboo pipes; derived from the Chinese sheng
- U (hangul: 우; hanja: 竽) - A free reed mouth organ, large in size; derived from the Chinese yu; no longer used
- Hwa (hangul: 화; hanja: 和) - A free reed mouth organ with 13 bamboo pipes; derived from the Chinese he; no longer used
[edit] Horns
- Nabal (hangul: 나발; hanja: 喇叭) - Long metal trumpet
- Nagak (hangul: 나각; hanja: 螺角) - Sea shell horn; also called sora
[edit] Percussion
[edit] Chimes
- Jong (hangul: 종; hanja: 鐘) - A bronze bell
- Pyeonjong (hangul: 편종; hanja: 編鐘) - A set of 16 tuned bronze bells used in ancient court music; derived from the Chinese bianzhong
- Teukjong (hangul: 특종; hanja: 特鐘) - A single large bronze bell
- Pyeongyeong (hangul: 편경; hanja: 編磬) - A set of 16 tuned stone chimes used in ancient court music; derived from the Chinese bianqing
- Teukgyeong (hangul: 특경; hanja: 特磬) - A single large tuned stone chime
- Banghyang (hangul: 방향; hanja: 方響) - A metallophone with 16 tuned iron slabs; derived from the Chinese fangxiangphoto
- Ulla (hangul: 운라; hanja: 雲鑼 or 雲羅) - A set of ten small tuned gongs in a wooden frame; derived from the Chinese yunluophoto
[edit] Drums
- Janggu or Janggo (hangul: 장고 or 장구; hanja: 杖鼓 or 長鼓) - A double-headed hourglass-shaped drum generally played with one stick and one hand
- Buk (hangul: 북) - A barrel drum used primarily in folk music
- Galgo (hangul: 갈고; hanja: 羯鼓) - Double-headed hourglass-shaped drum similar to the janggo but played with two sticks and thinner drum heads; sometimes called yanggo or yangjanggo; no longer commonly used[1]
- Jingo (hangul: 진고; hanja: 晉鼓) - Largest barrel drum
- Jeolgo (hangul: 절고; hanja: 節鼓) - Barrel drum
- Jwago (hangul: 좌고; hanja: 座鼓) - A barrel drum in a wooden frame
- Geongo (hangul: 건고; hanja: 建鼓) - Huge barrel drum
- Yonggo (hangul: 용고; hanja: 龍鼓) - A barrel drum with a dragon painted on its shell; used in daechwita
- Eunggo (hangul: 응고; hanja: 應鼓) - Barrel drum suspended from a frame
- Sakgo - (hangul: 삭고; hanja: 朔鼓) - A long barrel drum suspended from a wooden frame
- Gyobanggo (hangul: 교방고; hanja: 敎坊鼓) - Flat drum suspended from a frame
- Junggo (hangul: 중고; hanja: 中鼓) - Flat drum suspended from a frame; similar to the gyobanggo but larger
- Sogo (hangul: 소고; hanja: 小鼓) - A small hand-held drum
- Nogo (hangul: 노고; hanja: 路鼓) - A set of two drums pierced by a pole
- Nodo (hangul: 노도; hanja: 路鼗) - A set of two small drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
- Yeongdo (hangul: 노도; hanja: 靈鼗) - Four drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
- Noedo (hangul: 뇌도; hanja: 雷鼗) - six small drums hung in a frame; used in ritual music
- Noego (hangul: 뇌고; hanja: 雷鼓 - Three small barrel drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
- Do (도) - single pellet drum on a pole
[edit] Gongs
- Kkwaenggwari (hangul: 꽹과리) - A small gong used primarily in folk music
- Jing (hangul: 징; hanja: 鉦) - A large gong; originally pronounced jeong (정)
[edit] Cymbals
- Jabara (hangul: 자바라; also called bara, bal, or jegeum) - pair of large brass cymbals
[edit] Other
- Bak (hangul: 박; hanja: 拍) - A wooden clapper used in ancient court and ritual music
- Bu (hangul: 부; hanja: 缶) - A clay pot used in Confucian ritual music; derived from the Chinese fǒu
- Chuk (hangul: 축; hanja: 柷) - A wooden box, played by hitting a stick on the inside, used to mark beats or sections; derived from the Chinese zhù; used in ancient ritual music
- Eo (hangul: 어; hanja: 敔) - A wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back, played by running a bamboo whisk across it to mark the ends of sections; derived from the Chinese yǔ
[edit] See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
[edit] External links
- Korean string instruments
- Korean bamboo wind instruments
- Korean drums
- Korean wind instruments
- Korean percussion instruments
- Korean string instruments
- North Korean instruments
[edit] Listening
[edit] Video
- Korean instruments videos from Robert Garfias site
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