| Year |
Date |
Event |
| 1923 |
October 29 |
The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed. |
| Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) was unanimously elected the first President of the Republic of Turkey by secret vote. |
| October 30 |
The first cabinet of the Republic of Turkey was formed by Ismet Inönü. |
| 1924 |
|
A new policy was instituted that imams be appointed by the government. |
| March 3 |
The Ottoman caliphate was abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly. |
| The Union of Education (Tevhid-i Tedrisat) Law was passed. |
| The Ministry of Religious Affairs and all religious schools were abolished. |
| April 8 |
Religious courts were abolished and replaced with civil courts. |
| April 20 |
A new Turkish constitution was accepted. |
| August 26 |
Türkiye Is Bankasi was established. |
| November 17 |
The second political party in Turkey, the Progressive Republican Party, was formed. |
| 1925 |
February 11 |
The Şeyh Sait rebellion started in the eastern provinces. |
| February 25 |
A law separating religion from politics was accepted and passed in the TBMM. |
| May 5 |
An Armenian named Manok Manukyan was executed in Ankara for planning an assassination attempt on Mustafa Kemal. |
| June 3 |
The Progressive Republican Party was closed and abolished for exploiting religion for political purposes. |
| June 29 |
Şeyh Sait and his 46 followers were sentenced to death in Diyarbakır. |
| August 27 |
Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) came to Kastamonu to initiate the Hat Revolution. |
| September 1 |
The first Turkish Medical Congress was assembled. |
| September 4 |
Turkish women entered a beauty contest for the first time. |
| October 1 |
Atatürk opened the Bursa textile factory. |
| November 5 |
Ankara Law School (then the Ankara University Faculty of Law) was opened. |
| November 25 |
"Hat Law" was issued, abolishing religious dress. |
| December 26 |
A law was passed which abolished the lunar calendar in favor of the international calendar. |
| 1926 |
February 17 |
A Turkish civil code based on the Swiss Civil Code was accepted. The code granted expanded civil rights to women and prohibited polygamy. |
| March 1 |
A Turkish criminal code was established based on the Italian Criminal Code. |
| March 17 |
A law was passed to nationalize the iron industry. |
| March 24 |
A law was passed to nationalize the petroleum industry. |
| 1927 |
March 7 |
The extraordinary Independence Tribunals were abolished. |
| October 15 |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk started his "Nutuk" speech. |
| The second nationwide congress of the Republican People's Party took place. |
| October 20 |
The "Nutuk" speech ended. |
| October 28 |
The first population census counted the population at approximately thirteen and a half million. |
| December 25 |
The first female Turkish lawyer, Sureyya Agaoglu, began her duty. |
| 1928 |
April 10 |
The article "The official religion of Turkey is Islam" was removed from the constitution. |
| May 19 |
A law establishing an engineering school was accepted. |
| November 1 |
A new Turkish alphabet based on the Latin alphabet was accepted. |
| 1929 |
April 3 |
A new municipal law enabled women to enter municipal elections both as voters and as candidates. |
| April 29 |
The first female Turkish judges were appointed. |
| May 13 |
A trade law was accepted by the TBMM. |
| September 1 |
Arabic and Persian courses were abolished replaced by Turkish-only language courses. |
| 1930 |
June 11 |
A law was accepted which established the Turkish Republic Central Bank. |
| August 12 |
The Free Republican Party, the third party in the republic, was established. |
| October 27 |
Greek prime minister Venizelos visited Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Ankara. |
| November 17 |
After the Free Republican Party's cooption by radical religious groups, its leader Fethi Okyar decided to close. |
| December 30 |
Kubilay was killed in an anti-republican rebellion. |
| 1931 |
March 16 |
The first female Turkish surgeon, Dr. Suat, received her specialty. |
| March 26 |
The Measurements Law was accepted, abolishing the former Arabic length and weight measurement units and replacing them with the metric system (kilogram instead of okka, meter instead of endaze, etc.) |
| April 20 |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk historically declared the slogan "Peace at home, peace in the world!" |
| July 25 |
A new press law was accepted. |
| 1932 |
July 18 |
Turkey became a member of the League of Nations. |
| July 31 |
Turkish woman Keriman Halis was declared the World Beauty Queen at a contest in Belgium. |
| November 13 |
Dr. Müfide Kazim became the first female Turkish government physician. |
| December 12 |
Adile Ayda became the first female Turkish civil servant in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. |
| 1933 |
February 7 |
The first Turkish-language mosque prayers began in Istanbul. |
| May 31 |
The 480-year-old Darülfünun was abolished, to be converted into Istanbul University. |
| June |
Sümerbank and Halkbank were established. |
| October 26 |
Turkish women were granted the right to vote and be elected to Village Councils. |
| November 18 |
Istanbul University was opened. |
| December 1 |
The first five year development plan was accepted. |
| 1934 |
June 21 |
The Surname Law was accepted, abolishing the former titles of Bey, Efendi, Pasha, Sultan, and Hanım as of November 26. |
| November 24 |
Mustafa Kemal Pasha took the surname Atatürk. |
| The Hagia Sofia mosque was converted to the Ayasofya (Hagia Sofia) Museum. |
| December 5 |
Turkish women were granted the right to vote and be elected in Turkish parliamentary elections. (Afterwards, in the first elections, 18 women were elected to the Turkish Grand National Assembly). |
| 1936 |
May 29 |
A law determining the size and ratios of the star and crescent in the Turkish flag was accepted. |
| June 8 |
A labor law was accepted which represented the first step towards the Turkish Social Security System. |
| 1937 |
January 27 |
Hatay's independence was accepted by the League of Nations in its Geneva meeting. |
| June 9 |
A law establishing a medical faculty in Ankara was accepted. |
| September 20 |
Atatürk opened the first art gallery in his residence, the Dolmabahce Palace. |
| October 9 |
Atatürk opened the Nazilli Printed Cloth Fabric Factory. |
| 1938 |
November 10 |
The founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk died. He was succeeded by Ismet Inönü, a former general. |
| 1939 |
|
World War II: World War II began. Turkey was to remain neutral for most of the war, until a declaration of war against Germany at its end. |
| July 7 |
The Province of Hatay joined Turkey. |
| 1950 |
June 25 |
Korean War: The Korean War began. Turkey was a part of the joint UN operation. |
| 1952 |
|
Turkey became a NATO country strategically important in countering Soviet influence. |
| 1953 |
July 27 |
Korean War: The war ended. |
| 1954 |
|
Turkey began to host the USAF at the Incirlik Air Base as a deterrent to the Soviet Union. |
