Thomas J. Spellacy

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Thomas Joseph Spellacy (March 6, 1880-December 5, 1957) was an American political leader and lawyer. He is best remembered for his years as the mayor of Hartford, Connecticut, but held several other offices and was one of Connecticut's most prominent Democrats over a period of more than 50 years.

Contents 1 Early life and career 2 National politics 3 Mayor of Hartford and subsequent career 4 References in popular culture 5 Notes

[edit] Early life and career

Spellacy was born in Hartford, the son of James Spellacy, a contractor, and Catherine (Bourke) Spellacy. He attended Hartford Public High School, Miss Burbank’s Private School and the College of the Holy Cross. He received a degree from Georgetown University Law School in 1901. He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee in 1901 and in Connecticut in 1903. Also in 1903 he married Nellie Walsh of Middletown, Connecticut.^[1]

Early in his career, Spellacy blended his interests in journalism, law and politics. He started a student publication that circulated in the Hartford public schools and worked as a reporter for the Hartford Telegram prior to attending law school. He was a part owner of the Hartford Sunday Globe and briefly the owner of the Hartford Evening Post, both of which were sold to other Hartford newspapers.^[2]

He was elected to the Connecticut State Senate in 1906, failed to win renomination in 1908 and recaptured the nomination and his seat in 1910.^[3] He was the Democratic nominee for Mayor of Hartford, while serving as the city’s party chairman, in 1912, losing to Col. Louis R. Cheney in a spring election.^[4] Later that year Spellacy was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention for the first of five times. He ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of Hartford in 1914, losing the Democratic nomination to Joseph H. Lawler, the eventual winner. President Woodrow Wilson appointed him United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut to fill the unexpired term of Frederick Scott in 1915.^[5]

Spellacy, while still serving as U.S. Attorney, was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Connecticut in 1918 and lost to the incumbent, Marcus H. Holcomb.^[6] Shortly after the election, the World War I armistice went into effect and Spellacy resigned his position as United States Attorney to become the legal advisor to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, in the settlement of claims involving the Navy and various allied powers in Europe during the winter of 1918-1919.^[7] Both Spellacy and Roosevelt returned on the USS George Washington with President Wilson, who was returning from the Paris Peace Conference.^[8]

[edit] National politics

After his return from Europe in 1919, Spellacy was appointed Assistant Attorney General of the United States and was in charge of the enemy custodianship department.^[9] He argued three cases for the government before the Supreme Court while acting in this capacity.^[10] He received an honorary Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from Georgetown University in 1920.^[11]

During this period Spellacy became more active in national Democratic party politics, again being a delegate to the 1920 national convention, where he was Chairman of the Rules Committee and manager of the presidential campaign of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer. He is mentioned in several biographies of Franklin D. Roosevelt as having assisted Roosevelt, by then the Democratic candidate for Vice President, in discrediting his antagonist in a scandal over the Navy’s handling of the cases of sailors convicted on morals charges, Providence Journal publisher John R. Rathom, by, along with Francis G. Caffey, the U.S. Attorney in New York, releasing information about Rathom from Justice Department files.^[12]

After leaving government service in February, 1921, he became the law partner of two other officials involved in the custody and liquidation of enemy property seized during the war, forming the New York City firm of Garvan, Corbett and Spellacy, with its office on Wall Street.^[13]

Connecticut’s Democrats nominated Spellacy for the United States Senate in 1922, but he was defeated by former governor George McLean.^[14] He was again a delegate to the 1924 Democratic national convention, supporting Gov. Alfred E. Smith of New York,,^[15] while himself receiving a vote on each of the 41st and 42nd ballots,^[16] and was eastern regional campaign manager for the eventual compromise nominee (chosen after Smith and the other leading contender, William Gibbs McAdoo, deadlocked), John W. Davis.^[17]

Spellacy was a member of the Democratic National Committee from 1926 to 1928. He continued to be a supporter of Alfred Smith in both the year the “Happy Warrior” was the party’s nominee, 1928,^[18] and in 1932,^[19] when Smith lost the Democratic presidential nomination to Franklin D. Roosevelt. Spellacy did not attend the Democratic convention in 1932 due to his wife’s ill health;^[20] she died later that summer.^[21] He remarried in 1934; his second wife, Elisabeth B. Gill, was thirty years his junior.^[22] She was the sister of the journalist and author Brendan Gill.^[23] They had one child, a son, Bourke Gill Spellacy (1937-), a founder of the Hartford law firm Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.

[edit] Mayor of Hartford and subsequent career

Upon the death of John A. Pilgard -- who died only nine days after being elected and before he could take office^[24] -- Spellacy was elected mayor of Hartford in 1935 by the Board of Aldermen.^[25] He was re-elected three times. His tenure in office was marked not only by the effects of the Great Depression and the coming of World War II and the defense boom in Hartford before and during the war, but also by the devastating floods of the spring of 1936 and those resulting from the New England Hurricane of 1938. On June 18, 1943, he made good on a threat to resign if he could not get the Board of Aldermen to adopt his proposal to require residency in the city by municipal employees. He failed in his attempt to return to the office of mayor in 1945.

Spellacy was not thereafter nominated by his party for any elective office. However, he was a member of the Metropolitan District Commission and Park River Flood Commission and was appointed Insurance Commissioner of the State of Connecticut by Gov. Abraham Ribicoff in 1955. He served in that position until his death in New York City while attending a conference of state insurance commissioners on December 5, 1957.^[26]

[edit] References in popular culture

Illustrator James Montgomery Flagg, best known for his “Uncle Sam” “I Want You!” recruiting posters, drew a portrait of Spellacy that was used in his 1918 gubernatorial campaign.^[27]

The Conquest of America: A Romance of Disaster and Victory, a novel depicting a German invasion of the Unites States by Cleveland Moffett published in 1916, is set in the future of 1921. It mentions Spellacy as an prominent American taken hostage by the German invaders.^[28]

John Gregory Dunne, a Hartford native, named one of the protagonists in his 1977 novel True Confessions^[29] Tom Spellacy. The character, a Los Angeles detective, was played by Robert Duvall in the 1981 film version.[1]

[edit] Notes